Har HaMenuchot ( he, הר המנוחות,
Ashkenazi pronunciation, Har HaMenuchos, lit. "Mount of Those who are Resting", also known as Givat Shaul Cemetery) is the largest
cemetery
A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek , "sleeping place") implies that the land is specifically designated as a buri ...
in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
. The hilltop burial ground lies at the western edge of the city adjacent to the neighborhood of
Givat Shaul
Givat Shaul ( he, גבעת שאול, lit. (''Saul's Hill''); ar, غفعات شاؤول) is a neighborhood in West Jerusalem. The neighborhood is located at the western entrance to the city, east of the neighborhood of Har Nof and north of Kirya ...
, with commanding views of
Mevaseret Zion
Mevaseret Zion ( he, מְבַשֶּׂרֶת צִיּוֹן, literal meaning: Herald of Zion – Jerusalem) is a suburb of Jerusalem with the administrative status of a local council. Mevaseret Zion is composed of two distinct older townships, Mao ...
to the north,
Motza
Motza, also Mozah or Motsa, ( he, מוֹצָא, ar, موتسا) is a neighbourhood on the western edge of West Jerusalem. It is located in the Judean Hills, 600 metres above sea level, connected to Jerusalem by the Jerusalem–Tel Aviv highway ...
to the west, and
Har Nof
Har Nof ( he, הר נוף, lit. ''scenic mountain'') is a neighborhood on a hillside on the western boundary of Jerusalem with a population of 20,000 residents, primarily Orthodox Jews.
History
In Talmudic times, Har Nof was an agricultural settl ...
to the south. Opened in 1951 on of land,
[ it has continually expanded into new sections on the northern and western slopes of the hill. As of 2008, the cemetery encompasses in which over 150,000 people are buried.]
History
Until 1948, Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
burials in Jerusalem were conducted in the millennia-old Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
The Mount of Olives or Mount Olivet ( he, הַר הַזֵּיתִים, Har ha-Zeitim; ar, جبل الزيتون, Jabal az-Zaytūn; both lit. 'Mount of Olives'; in Arabic also , , 'the Mountain') is a mountain ridge east of and adjacent to Jeru ...
. In 1948, the Arab siege of Jerusalem cut off access to the Mount of Olives, and this remained the status quo after the 1949 Armistice Agreements
The 1949 Armistice Agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt,[Sanhedria cemetery
Sanhedria Cemetery ( he, בית עלמין סנהדריה) is a 27- dunam (6.67- acre) Jewish burial ground in the Sanhedria neighborhood of Jerusalem, adjacent to the intersection of Levi Eshkol Boulevard, Shmuel HaNavi Street, and Bar-Ilan ...](_blank)
, Sheikh Badr Cemetery
Sheikh Badr Cemetery (also Givat Ram cemetery) is an Jewish burial ground in west-central West Jerusalem. It was established as a temporary burial ground during the 1948 Arab siege of Jerusalem. Most of its military and civilian graves were tran ...
, and the Shaare Zedek Cemetery (on the grounds of the old Shaare Zedek Hospital on Jaffa Road
Jaffa Road ( he, רחוב יפו, Rehov Yaffo; ar, شارع يافا) is one of the longest and oldest major streets in Jerusalem. It crosses the city from east to west, from the Old City walls to downtown Jerusalem, the western portal of Jer ...
). After the establishment of the state, however, these were deemed inadequate for the needs of a growing city.[
In late summer 1948, developers identified a hilltop located between Givat Shaul and Motza and overlooking Highway 1. It was outside the boundaries of Jerusalem at that time, yet accessible to the city, and it had soft rock for grave-digging. They calculated that each dunam would accommodate 200 graves and estimated a need for 1,000 graves per year. At the time, the city of Jerusalem had 150,000 Jewish residents with a mortality rate of 1,000 annually; at that rate, the new cemetery was expected to suffice for the next 40 years.]
The developers received permission to build the cemetery a month later, but disagreements between the various burial societies delayed the first burial until the fall of 1951.[ With the opening of the new cemetery, civilian graves were transferred here from the temporary cemeteries at Sheikh Badr][ and the old Shaare Zedek Hospital.
In 1951 a new cemetery was established at ]Mount Herzl
Mount Herzl ( he, הַר הֶרְצְל ''Har Hertsl''), also ''Har ha-Zikaron'' ( lit. "Mount of Remembrance"), is the site of Israel's national cemetery and other memorial and educational facilities, found on the west side of Jerusalem beside ...
, dedicated by government decision as Israel's national cemetery
The following is a partial list of prominent National Cemeteries:
Africa
Algeria
* El Alia Cemetery, Algiers
Burundi
* Mausolée des Martyrs de la Démocratie, Bujumbura
Ghana
* Asomdwee Park, Accra
* Burma Camp Military Cemetery, Accra
L ...
, where national leaders and fallen soldiers would be interred.
By 1988 Har HaMenuchot had about 50,000 graves.[Wager, Eliyahu (1988). ''Illustrated Guide to Jerusalem''. The Jerusalem Publishing House, Ltd., p. 269.] In the 1990s developers began expanding the cemetery onto the northern and western slopes of the hill. By 2008 the cemetery spanned in which more than 150,000 people are interred.[
In November 2012 the Jerusalem municipality approved a plan to shield the view of the cemetery from Highway 1, the main entryway to Jerusalem, by planting cypress trees and erecting a stone wall. The plan would allow for continued expansion of the cemetery to the north and west.][
]
Operation
The graves on Har HaMenuchot are divided into sections operated by various '' chevrei kadisha'' (burial societies). The Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society was allotted more than 50% of the land when the cemetery opened.[ Other sections were apportioned to burial societies serving the ]Ashkenazim
Ashkenazi Jews ( ; he, יְהוּדֵי אַשְׁכְּנַז, translit=Yehudei Ashkenaz, ; yi, אַשכּנזישע ייִדן, Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or ''Ashkenazim'',, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation: , singu ...
(also known as Perushim), Sephardim
Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), pt, Judeus sefa ...
, and Hasidic communities of Jerusalem. In the late 1990s other ''chevrei kadisha'' opened, serving the Kurdish
Kurdish may refer to:
*Kurds or Kurdish people
*Kurdish languages
*Kurdish alphabets
*Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes:
**Southern Kurdistan
**Eastern Kurdistan
**Northern Kurdistan
**Western Kurdistan
See also
* Kurd (dis ...
, Georgian
Georgian may refer to:
Common meanings
* Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country)
** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group
** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians
**Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
, Yemenite, and Bukharan Jewish communities. The Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society also operates a special section reserved for those whose Jewish identity is questionable, such as non-Jewish immigrants and atheists
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no d ...
. (Bona fide Christians
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ ...
and Muslims are not buried here, but rather in their own cemeteries.) Both the Kehillat Yerushalayim and the Sephardi burial societies maintain an on-site funeral parlor.[
As the official municipal burial ground, Har HaMenuchot accommodates free burials for Israeli citizens and tourists who die while in Israel; the cost of the plot and funeral services is paid for by ]Bituah Leumi
Bituah Leumi ( he, המוסד לביטוח לאומי, ''HaMossad LeVituach Leumi'', the National Insurance Institute of Israel) is Israel's national social security agency. It was established on 1 April 1954.
Poverty
In January 2021 it publish ...
, the National Insurance Institute.[ However, the choice of plot is left to the burial society, and if a spouse wishes to be buried in the adjacent plot, he or she must pay for the second plot.] According to the law, the burial society must reserve the plots on both sides of a newly dug grave for 90 days in order to give the spouse and relatives of the deceased the option to purchase them.[ According to the Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society, 90 percent of the burials at Har HaMenuchot involve couples.][ Stone monuments must be paid for by the family of the deceased.][ The burial societies recoup their development costs and make their profit on the sale of plots to Jews living abroad, with the price of the plot, burial costs, and transportation of the body by airline exceeding US$11,000. Burials from abroad constitute an estimated one-fifth to one-third of all burials.]
Description
Like other Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem, the plots on Har HaMenuchot consist of an underground grave topped by a rectangular platform of poured concrete, faced with stone tiles, that rises or more above-ground. The name, date and praises of the deceased are inscribed on the top panel and occasionally on the sides. The writing is either engraved and filled in with black lead, or simply painted on. In some cases, names of family members of the deceased who were murdered in the Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
are engraved on the sides of the gravestone. Many graves include a small cavity hollowed out of the box, where memorial candles are placed.[ The graves are generally positioned less than apart.][ (subscription)]
The sections run by the Kehillat Yerushalayim and Perushim burial societies differ in appearance. The former is divided into color-coded sections that are easily reached by roadways, and has trees and bushes planted alongside the sections to provide shade for visitors on hot summer days. The Perushim section, on the other hand, abides by customs maintained in Jewish cemeteries for centuries, including the complete absence of trees or vegetation near the graves or even bordering the road.[
]Kohanim
Kohen ( he, , ''kōhēn'', , "priest", pl. , ''kōhănīm'', , "priests") is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. Levitical priests or ''kohanim'' are traditionally be ...
are interred in a separate section just outside the main entrance, so that their family members who are not allowed to enter cemeteries to avoid '' tumas meis'' (ritual impurity caused by the dead) may stand by the side of the road and pray at their ancestors' graves.
The cemetery contains a genizah (sacred texts repository) where kvitlach
:''This article refers to the prayer note; for the card game see Kvitlech.
Kvitel or Kvitl ( yi, קוויטל ''kvitl'', "little note"; plural: קוויטלעך ''kvitlekh'', kvitels, kvitelech, kvitelach / kvitls, kvitlech, kvitlach) refers to ...
(prayer notes) from the Western Wall
The Western Wall ( he, הַכּוֹתֶל הַמַּעֲרָבִי, HaKotel HaMa'aravi, the western wall, often shortened to the Kotel or Kosel), known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ...
are buried.
In addition to visitor parking, the cemetery is serviced twice an hour by Egged bus number 54, which has its terminus at the Har Hotzvim terminal passes the Jerusalem Central Bus Station and Rav-Shefa Mall, and Kanfei Nesharim Stree
Points of interest
Near the main entrance lies the original ''Chelkat Harabbonim'' ( he, חלקת הרבנים, "Rabbis' Section") operated by the Ashkenazi (Perushim) burial society, which includes the graves of many gadol, gedolim of the past 60 years from around the world. The largest grave in this section is that of Rabbi Aharon Rokeach
Aharon Rokeach (19 December 1880Israel, Yosef (2005). "Rescuing the Rebbe of Belz". NY:Mesorah Publications, Ltd. . – 18 August 1957) was the fourth Rebbe of the Belz Hasidic dynasty. He led the movement from 1926 until his death in 1957.
...
, the fourth Belzer Rebbe
A Rebbe ( yi, רבי, translit=rebe) or Admor ( he, אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spiritua ...
, which has become a shrine
A shrine ( la, scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: ''escrin'' "box or case") is a sacred or holy space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they ...
for thousands of visitors annually.[ An area of ''dalet amos'' (four cubits) surrounds this grave. An iron parapet constructed nearby allows Kohanim to pray near the rabbinical graves without exposing themselves to ''tumah'' (ritual impurity).][ Another ''Chelkas Harabbonim'' is located on the north slope of the hill;][ this is the resting place for Rabbis Shlomo Wolbe, ]Nosson Meir Wachtfogel
Nosson Meir Wachtfogel ( he, נתן מאיר וכטפוגל) (18 February 1910 in Kuliai, Lithuania – 21 November 1998 in Lakewood, New Jersey, USA), known as the Lakewood Mashgiach, was an Orthodox rabbi and long-time ''mashgiach ruchan ...
, and Yosef Shalom Elyashiv
Yosef Shalom Elyashiv ( he, יוסף שלום אלישיב; 10 April 1910 – 18 July 2012) was a Haredi Rabbi and ''posek'' (arbiter of Jewish law) who lived in Jerusalem. Until his death at the age of 102, Rav Elyashiv was the paramount lead ...
, among others.
A grave known as a '' segula'' (propitious remedy) for childless women is that of Miriam ha-Koveset ( he, מרים הכובסת, Miriam the Laundress), who only worked in the homes of Torah scholars, including Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv and the Zvhiller Rebbe, Rabbi Shlomo Goldman
Shlomo Goldman (April 1, 1947 – July 21, 2017), also known as the Sanz Zviller rebbe, was the Grand Rabbi of the Sanz-Klausenberger community in Union City, New Jersey, where he resided.
Goldman was the son of the previous Zviller Rebbe, Rabbi ...
. Once Miriam asked the Zvhiller Rebbe for a blessing for children, but he blessed her that in her merit, others would merit to have children. Twenty-nine years after her death in 1964, one of her neighbors had a dream in which Miriam appeared to her, told her of the Zvhiller Rebbe's promise, and gave her directions to her grave. On her yahrzeit
Bereavement in Judaism () is a combination of ''minhag'' and ''mitzvah'' derived from the Torah and Judaism's classical rabbinic texts. The details of observance and practice vary according to each Jewish community.
Mourners
In Judaism, the p ...
that year, busloads of women came to pray at the grave while a Torah scholar recited prayers for the elevation of her soul. There were 32 known cases of women who prayed at Miriam's grave and gave birth to children that year. Since then, her grave, located near the main parking lot, has been renovated and enlarged to accommodate women year-round.
Notable rabbis buried at Har HaMenuchot
* Yehezkel Abramsky
Yehezkel Abramsky ( he, יחזקאל אברמסקי) (7 February 1886 – 19 September 1976), also affectionately referred to as Reb Chatzkel Abramsky, was a prominent and influential Lithuanian Jewish Orthodox rabbi and scholar, born and raised ...
, Av Beit Din of London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
* Yaakov Ades
Yaakov Hai Zion Ades ( he, יעקב חי ציון עדס, February 24, 1898 – July 19, 1963), also spelled Adas or Adess, was a Sephardi Hakham, Rosh Yeshiva, and Rabbinical High Court judge. As rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Jerus ...
, Sephardic gadol
''Gadol'' or ''godol'' (, plural: ''gedolim'' ) (literally "big" or "great" in Hebrew ) is used by religious Jews to refer to the most revered rabbis of the generation.
Usage
The term ''gadol hador'' refers to the "great/est (one of) the generati ...
and member of the Jerusalem beth din
A beit din ( he, בית דין, Bet Din, house of judgment, , Ashkenazic: ''beis din'', plural: batei din) is a Rabbinic Judaism, rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the building block of the legal system in the Biblical Land of ...
* Yehuda Amital
Yehuda Amital ( he, יהודה עמיטל, born Yehuda Klein; 31 October 1924 – 9 July 2010) was an Orthodox rabbi, the Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Har Etzion, and a member of the Israeli cabinet.
The concept of a Hesder Yeshiva is attributed to ...
, founder of Yeshivat Har Etzion
Yeshivat Har Etzion (YHE; ), commonly known in English as "Gush" and in Hebrew as "Yeshivat HaGush", is a hesder yeshiva located in Alon Shvut, an Israeli settlement in Gush Etzion. It is considered one of the leading institutions of advanced Tor ...
, Meimad
Meimad ( he, מימד, an acronym for ''Medina Yehudit, Medina Demokratit'' (), lit., ''Jewish State, Democratic State'') is a moderate to left-wing religious Zionist political party in Israel. Founded in 1999, it is based on the ideology of the ...
movement
* Gedaliah Anemer, av bet din of Washington, D.C. and founder of the Yeshiva of Greater Washington-Tiferet Gedaliah
* Baruch Ashlag
Baruch Shalom HaLevi Ashlag ( he, ברוך שלום הלוי אשלג) (also known as the RABASH) (January 22, 1907 – September 13, 1991) was a Kabbalah, kabbalist, the firstborn and successor of Yehuda Ashlag also known as Baal Hasulam, the ...
, kabbalist
* Yehuda Ashlag
Rabbi Yehuda Ashlag (1885–1954) or Yehuda Leib Ha-Levi Ashlag ( he, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה לֵיבּ הַלֵּוִי אַשְׁלַג), also known as the Baal Ha-Sulam (Hebrew: , "Author of The Ladder") in reference to his magnum ...
, the ''Baal HaSulam''
* Ezra Attiya
Ezra Attiya ( he, עזרא עטייה; ar, عزرا عطية; 31 January 1885 – 25 May 1970) was one of the greatest teachers of Torah in the Sephardic Jewish world during the 20th century. He was rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Je ...
, rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva
Porat Yosef Yeshiva ( he, ישיבת פורת יוסף) is a Sephardic yeshiva in Jerusalem, with locations in both the Old City and the Geula neighborhood. The name Porat Yosef means "Joseph is a fruitful tree" after the biblical verse Genesi ...
, Jerusalem
* Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach
Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach (1883 – 26 September 1954) was a Haredi rabbi and roshei yeshiva of Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva, a landmark Jerusalem institution specializing in Talmudic and kabbalah studies for Ashkenazi scholars that he helped found in ...
, rosh yeshiva of Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva
Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva ( he, ישיבת שער השמים, lit., "Gate of Heaven") is an Ashkenazi yeshiva in Jerusalem dedicated to the study of the kabbalistic teachings of the Arizal (Rabbi Isaac Luria). It is famous for its student body of ...
* Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, Jerusalem posek
In Jewish law, a ''Posek'' ( he, פוסק , pl. ''poskim'', ) is a legal scholar who determines the position of ''halakha'', the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities a ...
* Baruch Ben Haim, assistant chief rabbi of the Syrian Jewish community in Brooklyn
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
, New York
* Zelig Reuven Bengis
Zelig Reuven Bengis (1864 – 21 May 1953) was the Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem for the Edah HaChareidis. He wrote a seven-volume commentary on the Talmud, called "''Leflagos Reuven''".
Youth
He was the son of Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Bengis, in the intr ...
, rosh av beit din of Jerusalem
* Amram Blau Amram Blau (1894–1974) was a Haredi rabbi in Mandatory Palestine and Israel. He was one of the founders of the fiercely Anti-Zionist Neturei Karta.
Biography
Blau was born in Jerusalem into the city's Hungarian Jewish community. His father ...
, one of the founders of Neturei Karta
Neturei Karta (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: , , ) is a religious group of Haredi Jews, formally created in Jerusalem, then in Mandatory Palestine, in 1938, splitting off from Agudas Yisrael. Neturei Karta opposes Zionism and calls for a "pea ...
* Abraham Yochanan Blumenthal, founder of Zion Blumenthal Orphanage
* Nachman Bulman
Nachman Bulman (1925-2002) was an American rabbi associated with Orthodox Judaism. He was born to Rabbi Meir and Etil Bulman after a blessing from the Rebbe of Ger, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter. He grew up on the Lower East Side, Manhattan, and ...
, rabbi in the United States and Israel
* Shlomo Carlebach
Shlomo Carlebach ( he, שלמה קרליבך; 14 January 1925 – 20 October 1994), known as Reb Shlomo to his followers, was a rabbi, religious teacher, spiritual leader, composer, and singer dubbed "the singing rabbi" during his lifetime.
...
, rabbi-songwriter
* Reb Chaim Daskal, Reb Chaim of Yerushalayim
* Akiva Ehrenfeld, Jerusalem rabbi
* Shmuel Ehrenfeld, the Mattersdorfer Rav
* Mordechai Eliyahu
Mordechai Tzemach Eliyahu ( he, מרדכי צמח אליהו, March 3, 1929 – June 7, 2010, on the Hebrew calendar: 21 Adar I, 5689 - 25 Siwan, 5770), , former Sephardi
Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), pt, Judeus sefa ...
chief rabbi of Israel
* Yosef Shalom Elyashiv
Yosef Shalom Elyashiv ( he, יוסף שלום אלישיב; 10 April 1910 – 18 July 2012) was a Haredi Rabbi and ''posek'' (arbiter of Jewish law) who lived in Jerusalem. Until his death at the age of 102, Rav Elyashiv was the paramount lead ...
, Lithuanian Orthodox gadol and posek
* Pesach Eliyahu Falk, Gateshead, Posek Hador
* Moshe Feinstein
Moshe Feinstein ( he, משה פײַנשטיין; Lithuanian pronunciation: ''Moshe Faynshteyn''; en, Moses Feinstein; March 3, 1895 – March 23, 1986) was an American Orthodox rabbi, scholar, and ''posek'' (authority on ''halakha''—J ...
, American gadol and posek
* Binyomin Beinush Finkel
Rabbi Binyomin Beinush Finkel (1911 – February 13, 1990) was the rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir in Jerusalem.
Biography
He was born in Mir, Belarus, where his father Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Finkel was the rosh yeshiva of the Mir yeshiva. R ...
, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
* Eliezer Yehuda Finkel, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Belarus and Jerusalem
* Eliyahu Boruch Finkel, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
* Nosson Tzvi Finkel, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
* Tzvi Pesach Frank
Tzvi Pesach Frank (20 January 1873 – 10 December 1960) (Hebrew: הרב צבי פסח פרנק) was a renowned halachic scholar and served as Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem for several decades (1936-1960).
Biography
Frank was born in Kovno, Viln ...
, chief rabbi of Jerusalem
* Yozef Friedlander, Lisker Rebbe
A Rebbe ( yi, רבי, translit=rebe) or Admor ( he, אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spiritua ...
* Yaakov Yosef Herman, Orthodox Jewish pioneer in the United States in the early 20th century.
* Yitzhak Kaduri, Sephardi kabbalist
* Meir Kahane
Meir David HaKohen Kahane (; he, רבי מאיר דוד הכהן כהנא ; born Martin David Kahane; August 1, 1932 – November 5, 1990) was an American-born Israeli ordained Orthodox rabbi, writer, and ultra-nationalist politician who serv ...
, Kach party founder
* Jacob S. Kassin, chief rabbi of the Syrian Jewish community in Brooklyn
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
, New York
* Chaim Mordechai Katz, rosh yeshiva of Telz-Cleveland
Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. ...
* Aharon Kotler, founder and rosh yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha
Beth Medrash Govoha ( he, בית מדרש גבוה, Sephardi pronunciation: ''Beth Midrash Gavoha''. lit: "High House of Learning"; also known as Lakewood Yeshiva or BMG) is a Haredi Jewish Lithuanian ''yeshiva'' in Lakewood Township, New Jerse ...
, Lakewood, New Jersey
* Shneur Kotler, rosh yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha
* Chaim Kreiswirth
Rabbi Chaim Kreiswirth (1918–2001) was an Orthodox rabbi who served as the longtime Chief Rabbi of Congregation Machzikei Hadass Antwerp, Belgium. He was the founder and rosh yeshiva of the Mercaz HaTorah yeshiva in Jerusalem, and was a highly ...
, av beit din of Antwerp
* Zundel Kroizer, Haredi Israeli rabbi and author of ''Ohr Hachamah''
* Aaron Aryeh Leifer, Nadvorna Rebbe
* Avraham Abba Leifer, Pittsburger Rebbe
* Zion Levy, chief rabbi of Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
* Aharon Lichtenstein
Aharon Lichtenstein (May 23, 1933 – April 20, 2015) was a noted Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva. He was an authority in Jewish law (''Halakha'').
Biography
Aharon Lichtenstein was born to Rabbi Dr. Yechiel Lichtenstein and Bluma née Schwartz ...
, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivat Har Etzion
Yeshivat Har Etzion (YHE; ), commonly known in English as "Gush" and in Hebrew as "Yeshivat HaGush", is a hesder yeshiva located in Alon Shvut, an Israeli settlement in Gush Etzion. It is considered one of the leading institutions of advanced Tor ...
in Alon Shvut
* Gershon Liebman
Gershon Liebman (1905 – 8 March 1997) was a leader of the Novardok Yeshiva movement after World War II, and ''rosh yeshiva'' of Novardok in France, where he created 40 Torah institutions. He devoted his life to rebuilding the Novardok style of ...
, rosh yeshiva of the Novardok Yeshiva network in France
* Aryeh Leib Malin
Aryeh Leib Malin (1906–1962) was a Polish-born American Haredi Jewish rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and Mussarist who taught the Torah and spread rabbinical education in Europe, China, Japan, and the United States.
Early life and education
...
, rosh yeshiva of Beth Hatalmud Rabbinical College
* Isser Zalman Meltzer
Isser Zalman Meltzer ( he, איסר זלמן מלצר) (February 6, 1870 – November 17, 1953),Isser Zalman Meltzer "Even HaEzel" (1870 - 1953) was a famous Lithuanian Jewish and Belarusian Orthodox rabbi, rosh yeshiva and posek. He is also kn ...
, rosh yeshiva of Slutsk
Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population i ...
and Etz Chaim
Etz Hayim, also transliterated as Eitz Chaim ( , meaning "Tree of Life"), is a common term used in Judaism. The expression can be found in , referring to the Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden. It is also found in the Book of Proverbs, where it i ...
, Jerusalem
* Yisroel Ber Odesser
Rabbi Yisroel Dov Ber Odesser ( he, ישראל דב בער אדסר) (approx. 1888 – 23 October 1994), also known as Reb Odesser or Sabba ("grandfather" in Hebrew language, Hebrew), was a Breslov (Hasidic group), Breslover Hasidic Judaism, ...
, Breslov rabbi
* Chanoch Dov Padwa
Rabbi Chanoch Dov Padwa (17 August 1908 – 16 August 2000) was a world-renowned Orthodox Jewish posek, Talmudist and rabbinic leader.
Early years
Chanoch Dov Padwa was born on 17 August 1908 (20 Av 5668 in the Hebrew calendar) in Busk, a smal ...
, av beit din of London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
* Menachem Porush
Menachem Porush ( he, מנחם פרוש, 2 April 1916 – 22 February 2010) was an Israelis, Israel politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Agudat Yisrael and its alliances between 1959 and 1975, and again from 1977 until 1994.
...
, legislator, educator, journalist
* Louis Isaac Rabinowitz
Louis Rabinowitz (Hebrew: לואיס רבינוביץ 1984–1906) was an Orthodox rabbi, historian and philologist of the 20th century.
Biography
Louis Isaac Rabinowitz was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, descendant of a long lineage of Lithuan ...
, chief rabbi of South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...
and deputy mayor of Jerusalem
* Bezalel Rakow
Bezalel Rakow (15 May 1927 – 20 July 2003) was a British orthodox rabbi who headed Gateshead’s Jewish community. He was the chair of the Council of Torah Sages of Agudas Yisroel of Great Britain.
Born in Frankfurt, Germany into a distinguish ...
, Gateshead Rav
* Aharon Rokeach
Aharon Rokeach (19 December 1880Israel, Yosef (2005). "Rescuing the Rebbe of Belz". NY:Mesorah Publications, Ltd. . – 18 August 1957) was the fourth Rebbe of the Belz Hasidic dynasty. He led the movement from 1926 until his death in 1957.
...
, Belz
Belz ( uk, Белз; pl, Bełz; yi, בעלז ') is a small city in Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, located between the Solokiya river (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Richytsia stream. Belz hosts the adminis ...
er Rebbe
* Tibor Rosenbaum
Pinchas Tibor Rosenbaum ( yi, פנחס סג"ל ליטש ראזענבוים; 1923–1980) was a Hungarian-born Swiss Jewish rabbi and businessman and one of the heads of the Jewish community in Switzerland who saved hundreds of Jews during The Ho ...
, Hungarian-born Swiss rabbi and businessman
* Shulem Safrin, Komarno Rebbe
* Mordechai Schultz, Chicago Rabbi
* Naftali Shakovitzky, Gateshead Rav
* Chaim Shmuelevitz, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
* Akiva Sofer, av beit din of Pressburg
* Yochanan Sofer
Yochanan Sofer (January 1, 1923 – February 22, 2016) was the rebbe of the Erlau dynasty. He was born in Eger, Hungary, where his father and grandfather were also rebbes. After surviving the Holocaust, he founded a yeshiva, first in Hungary and th ...
, leader of the Erlau (Eger) dynasty.
* Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik, rosh yeshiva of Brisk
* Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik
Yitzchok Zev Halevi Soloveitchik (Hebrew: יצחק זאב הלוי סולובייצ'יק), also known as Velvel Soloveitchik ("Zev" means "wolf" in Hebrew, and "Velvel" is the diminutive of "wolf" in Yiddish) or the Brisker Rov ("rabbi of/from ...
, Brisker Rav
* Baruch Sorotzkin, Rosh Yeshivas Telz-Cleveland
* Zalman Sorotzkin, av beit din of Lutsk
Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast (province) and the administrative center of the surrounding Lu ...
* Nosson Meir Wachtfogel
Nosson Meir Wachtfogel ( he, נתן מאיר וכטפוגל) (18 February 1910 in Kuliai, Lithuania – 21 November 1998 in Lakewood, New Jersey, USA), known as the Lakewood Mashgiach, was an Orthodox rabbi and long-time ''mashgiach ruchan ...
, mashgiach ruchani
A mashgiach ruchani ( he, משגיח רוחני; pl., ''mashgichim ruchani'im'') or mashgicha ruchani – sometimes mashgiach/mashgicha for short – is a spiritual supervisor or guide. He or she is usually a rabbi who has an official position wit ...
, Beth Medrash Govoha
* Eliezer Waldenberg
Eliezer Yehuda Waldenberg ( he, הרב אליעזר יהודה וולדנברג; December 10, 1915 – November 21, 2006) was a rabbi, posek, and dayan in Jerusalem. He is known as a leading authority on medicine and Jewish law and referred to as ...
, medical halakhist and member of the Jerusalem beit din
* Chaim Walkin, rabbi and lecturer
* Simcha Wasserman, Jerusalem rabbi
* Dov Berish Weidenfeld
Rabbi Dov Berish Weidenfeld (1881–1965) was the Chief Rabbi of Tshebin (Trzebinia), Poland, and after World War II spent his final years in Jerusalem. His principal work of Jewish law is titled "''Dovev Meisharim''".
Biography
Dov Berish was ...
, av beit din of Tchebin (Trzebinia
Trzebinia (; yi, טשעבין ''Tchebin'') is a town in Chrzanów County, Lesser Poland, Poland with an Orlen oil refinery and a major rail junction of the Kraków - Katowice line, with connections to Oświęcim and Spytkowice. The town be ...
)
* Noah Weinberg
Yisrael Noah Weinberg ( he, ישראל נח וינברג; February 16, 1930 – February 5, 2009) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and the founder of Aish HaTorah.
Early life
Noah Weinberg was born on the Lower East Side of New York in 1930. His ...
, founder and rosh yeshiva of Aish HaTorah
Aish HaTorah ( he, אש התורה, lit. "Fire of the Torah") is an Orthodox Jewish educational organization and yeshiva.
History
Aish HaTorah was established in Jerusalem in 1974 by Rabbi Noah Weinberg, after he left the Ohr Somayach yeshiva ...
* Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg
Rabbi Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg (1884–1966) was an Orthodox rabbi, posek ("decisor" of Jewish law) and rosh yeshiva. He is best known as the author of the work of responsa ''Seridei Eish''.
Weinberg was considered a genius in his time - with m ...
, Orthodox
Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to:
Religion
* Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pa ...
rabbi
A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...
, posek
In Jewish law, a ''Posek'' ( he, פוסק , pl. ''poskim'', ) is a legal scholar who determines the position of ''halakha'', the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities a ...
("decisor" of Jewish law) and rosh yeshiva
* Shlomo Wolbe, mashgiach, Be'er Yaakov yeshiva
* Avraham Yoffen, rosh yeshiva of Beis Yosef Novardok
* Mordechai Leib Kaminetzky, Jerusalem rabbi
* Yitzhak Kaduri, Mekubal / kabbalist
* Mordechai Sharabi, Mekubal / kabbalist and Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Nahar Shalom
Notable rabbis reinterred at Har HaMenuchot
* Chaim Joseph David Azulai, the ''Chida''
* Yosef Yozel Horwitz
Yosef Yozel Horowitz ( he, יוסף יוזל הורוביץ), also Yosef Yoizel Hurwitz, known as the Alter of Novardok (1847–December 9, 1919), was a student of Rabbi Yisroel Salanter, the founder of the Musar movement. Horowitz was also a stude ...
, the Alter of Novardok
* Meir Shapiro
Yehuda Meir Shapiro ( pl, Majer Jehuda Szapira; March 3, 1887 – October 27, 1933), was a prominent Polish Hasidic rabbi and rosh yeshiva, also known as the Lubliner Rav. He is noted for his promotion of the Daf Yomi study program in 1923, ...
, Rav of Lublin
* Menachem Ziemba, Rav of Warsaw
Zionist personalities buried at Har HaMenuchot
* Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi
* Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi ( he, יִצְחָק בֶּן־צְבִי ''Yitshak Ben-Tsvi''; 24 November 188423 April 1963) was a historian, Labor Zionist leader and the longest-serving President of Israel.
Biography
Born in Poltava in the Russian Empir ...
* Naftali Herz Imber
Naftali Herz Imber ( he, , yi, ; December 27, 1856 – October 8, 1909) was a Jewish Hebrew-language poet, most notable for writing "Hatikvah", the poem that became the basis for the Israeli national anthem.
Biography
Naftali Herz Imber ...
Other notable people buried at Har Hamenuchot
* Tuvia Bielski, leader of the Bielski partisans
* Dora Bloch, killed by Idi Amin
Idi Amin Dada Oumee (, ; 16 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer and politician who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. He ruled as a military dictator and is considered one of the most brutal despots in modern w ...
after Operation Entebbe
Operation Entebbe, also known as the Entebbe Raid or Operation Thunderbolt, was a counter-terrorist hostage-rescue mission carried out by commandos of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at Entebbe Airport in Uganda on 4 July 1976.
A week ear ...
* Udi, Ruth, Yoav, Elad, and Hadas Fogel, victims of the 2011 Itamar attack
The Itamar attack,
*
* also called the Itamar massacre,
was a terrorist attack on an Israeli family in the Israeli settlement of Itamar in the West Bank that took place on 11 March 2011, in which five members of the same family were murdere ...
* Yossef Kurt Gutfreund, one of the eleven victims of the Munich massacre 1972
* Yaakov Yosef Herman, American Orthodox pioneer
* Menachem Elon
Menachem Elon ( he-a, מנחם אלון, Menachem_elon.ogg, link=yes) (November 1, 1923 – February 6, 2013) was an Israeli jurist and Professor of Law specializing in Mishpat Ivri, an Orthodox rabbi, and a prolific author on traditional Jewis ...
, former Deputy Chief Israeli Supreme Court
ar, المحكمة العليا
, image = Emblem of Israel dark blue full.svg
, imagesize = 100px
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, established =
, location = Givat Ram, Jerusalem
, coordina ...
* Barno Itzhakova
Barno Iskhakova (12 May 1927 - 7 September 2001; tg, Барно Исҳоқова, fa, برنا اسحاقوا, russian: Барно Исхакова, he, ברנו יצחקובה) was a Soviet and Bukharian Jewish musician from Tajikistan.
Earl ...
, Bukharian Jewish singer
* George Mantello, Hungarian Orthodox Jew. As First Secretary of El Salvador in Switzerland, he saved large number of Jews during the Holocaust by providing them with protection papers. He also publicized the Auschwitz Protocols
The ''Auschwitz Protocols'', also known as the ''Auschwitz Reports'', and originally published as ''The Extermination Camps of Auschwitz and Birkenau'', is a collection of three eyewitness accounts from 1943–1944 about the mass murder that was ...
.
* Miriam Monsonego, victim of the 2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings
The Toulouse and Montauban shootings were a series of Islamist terrorism, Islamist terrorist attacksFoley, Frank. ''Countering Terrorism in Britain and France''. Cambridge University Press, 2013. p. 38. committed by Mohammed Merah in March 201 ...
* Itzhak Nener, jurist and Vice President of Liberal International
Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organization of liberal political parties - a political international. It was founded in Oxford in 1947 and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal parties, aiming to strengthen liberalism aroun ...
* Paul Reichmann, Canadian businessman and member of the Reichmann family
The Reichmann/Reichman family is a History of the Jews in Canada, Jewish-Canadian family best known for their property empire built through the Olympia and York company which relied on a carefully constructed image and secrecy to obtain billions ...
* Yonatan, Arieh, and Gabriel Sandler, victims of the 2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings
* Yona Bogale, first leader of the Ethiopian Jewish community in Israel
* The 7 Sassoon children killed in a Shabbat fire in Brooklyn NY
* Jacques Lipchitz
Jacques Lipchitz (26 May 1973) was a Cubist sculptor. Lipchitz retained highly figurative and legible components in his work leading up to 1915–16, after which naturalist and descriptive elements were muted, dominated by a synthetic style of ...
, modernist sculptor
* Mordechai Omer
Mordechai Omer ( he, מרדכי עומר; April 1941 - 10 June 2011) was an Israeli art historian and museum administrator who served as Director of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art.
Born in Haifa, he was educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem ...
, director of Tel Aviv Art Museum
Tel Aviv Museum of Art ( he, מוזיאון תל אביב לאמנות ''Muzeon Tel Aviv Leomanut'') is an art museum in Tel Aviv, Israel. The museum is dedicated to the preservation and display of modern and contemporary art from Israel and aroun ...
* Peretz Smolenskin, writer of the Haskalah
The ''Haskalah'', often termed Jewish Enlightenment ( he, השכלה; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Euro ...
movement
See also
* Bereavement in Judaism
References
External links
Burial in Jerusalem: The Har HaMenuchot Cemetery
Kiddush Chelka Ceremony at Har HaMenuchos by the Belz Community
{{DEFAULTSORT:Har HaMenuchot
1951 establishments in Israel
Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem
Geography of Jerusalem
Hills of Israel
Landforms of Jerusalem District