Haplogroup GHIJK, defined by the
SNPs M3658, F1329, PF2622, and YSC0001299,
[ISOGG, 2015, ''Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015''](_blank)
(8 September 2015). is a common
Y-chromosome haplogroup
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of sh ...
. This macrohaplogroup and its
subclade
In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup.
Naming convention
Although human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups and subclades are named in a similar manner, their names belong to completely separate s ...
s contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.
Phylogeny
GHIJK is the major
clade of
Haplogroup F (F-M89). It branches subsequently into two direct descendants:
Haplogroup G Haplogroup G may refer to:
* Haplogroup G (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Origin
Haplogroup G is a descendant of haplogroup M. Haplogroup G is divided into subclades G1, G2, ...
(M201/PF2957) and
Haplogroup HIJK (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). The other haplotypes of Haplogroup F are
F1,
F2, and
F3.
Subclades of GHIJK, under the HIJK lineage, include:
H (L901/M2939) and
IJK (F-L15). The downstream descendants of Haplogroup IJK include the major haplogroups
I,
J,
K,
L,
M,
N,
O,
P,
Q,
R,
S and
T.
Distribution
The basal paragroup GHIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.
Populations with high proportions of descendant haplogroups were predominant, before the
modern era
The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is appli ...
, in males across widely-dispersed areas and populations. These include:
* the
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range ...
and
West Asia
Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes A ...
(e. g. haplogroups G, J, and R);
*
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;; ...
(e. g. haplogroups H, J, L, and R);
*
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...
(e. g. haplogroups G, I, J, Q, R and N);
*
East Asia
East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea ...
,
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...
and
Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...
(e.g. haplogroups K, M, N, P, O, S)
*
Central Asia
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes the former ...
(e. g. haplogroups J, P, Q, and R) and;
* most
Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R)
Footnotes
See also
Genetics
Backbone Tree
{{Y-DNA
GHIJK