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Haplogroup M (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup M, also known as M-P256 and Haplogroup K2b1b (previously K2b1d) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. M-P256 is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup K2b1, and is believed to have first appeared between 32,000 and 47,000 years ago . M-P256 is the most frequently occurring Y-chromosome haplogroup in West Papua and western Papua New Guinea . It is also found in neighbouring parts of Melanesia, Indonesia and among indigenous Australians. It and Haplogroup S (B254) are the only primary subclades of K2b1, also known as haplogroup MS. Phylogenetic structure This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based primarily on the trees published by ISOGG in 2016 and YCC in 2008. * M* (P256) ** M1 (M4, M5/P73, M106, M186, M189, M296, P35) *** M1a(P34_1, P34_2, P34_3, P34_4, P34_5) **** M1a1 (P51) **** M1a2 (P94) *** M1b (P87) **** M1b1 (M104_1/P22_1, M104_2/P22_2) ***** M1b1a (M16) ***** M1b1b (M83) ** M2 (M353, M387) *** M2a (M177/SRY9138) ** M3 (P117, P118) Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallacea
Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Halmahera, Buru, Seram, and many smaller islands. The islands of Wallacea lie between the Sunda Shelf (the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and Bali) to the west, and the Sahul Shelf including Australia and New Guinea to the south and east. The total land area of Wallacea is . Geography Wallacea is defined as the series of islands stretching between the two continental shelves of Sunda and Sahul, but excluding the Philippines. Its eastern border (separating Wallacea from Sahul) is represented by a zoogeographical boundary known as Lydekker's Line, while the Wallace Line (separating Wallacea from Sunda) defines its western border. The Weber Line is the midpoint, at which Asian and Australian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Una People
Una and UNA may refer to: Places * 160 Una, the asteroid "Una", an asteroid named after the Faerie Queene character * Una River (other), numerous rivers * Una, Himachal Pradesh, a town in India ** Una, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency, the state assembly constituency centered around the town ** Una District ** Una Himachal railway station * Una, Gujarat, a town in India ** Una, Gujarat Assembly constituency * Una, Mississippi, an unincorporated community in the United States * Una, Bahia, a town in Brazil * Uña, a municipality in Castile-La Mancha, Spain * Una National Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina * Una (Sava), a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia People * Úna, an Irish given name ** Oona, an Irish given name (Anglicised spelling of ''Úna'') ** Oonagh, an Irish given name (Anglicised spelling of ''Úna'') * Ùna, a Scots-Gaelic given name * Saint Hunna (aka St. Una) (d. 679) a French saint Women with the given name * Una Abell-Brinker (1874–1952), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western New Guinea
Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, or Indonesian Papua, is the western half of the Melanesian island of New Guinea which is administered by Indonesia. Since the island is alternatively named as Papua, the region is also called West Papua ( id, Papua Barat). Lying to the west of Papua New Guinea and considered a part of the Australian continent, the territory is almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere and includes the Schouten and Raja Ampat archipelagoes. The region is predominantly covered with ancient rainforest where numerous traditional tribes live such as the Dani of the Baliem Valley although a large proportion of the population live in or near coastal areas with the largest city being Jayapura. Within five years following its proclamation of independence in 1945, the Republic of Indonesia (for a time part of the United States of Indonesia) took over all the former territories of the Dutch East Indies except Western New Guinea, acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazar-e Sharif
, official_name = , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = , pushpin_map = Afghanistan#Bactria#West Asia , pushpin_label = Mazar-i-Sharif , pushpin_label_position = bottom , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_relief = yes , pushpin_map_caption = Location in Afghanistan , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Afghanistan , subdivision_type1 = Province , subdivision_type2 = District , subdivision_name1 = Balkh Province , subdivision_name2 = Mazar-i-Sharif District , established_title = , established_date = , leader_title = Mayor , leader_name = Abdullhaq Khurami , area_total_km2 = , area_land_km2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazaras
The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scattered throughout Afghanistan. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, and are also significant minority groups in neighboring Pakistan, mostly in Quetta, and as well as in Iran. They speak the Hazaragi dialect of Persian, which is mutually intelligible with Dari, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. Hazaras are considered to be one of the most persecuted groups in Afghanistan, and their persecution has occurred various times across previous decades. Etymology The etymology of the word "Hazara" remains disputed, but some have differing views on the term. * Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name "Hazara" in Baburnama. He has mentioned "Hazara" as "Turkoman Hazaras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torres Strait Islanders
Torres Strait Islanders () are the Indigenous Melanesian people of the Torres Strait Islands, which are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. Ethnically distinct from the Aboriginal people of the rest of Australia, they are often grouped with them as Indigenous Australians. Today there are many more Torres Strait Islander people living in mainland Australia (nearly 28,000) than on the Islands (about 4,500). There are five distinct peoples within broader designation of Torres Strait Islander people, based partly on geographical and cultural divisions. There are two main Indigenous language groups, Kalaw Lagaw Ya and Meriam Mir. Torres Strait Creole is also widely spoken, as a language of trade and commerce. The core of Island culture is Papuo- Austronesian and the people traditionally a seafaring nation. There is a strong artistic culture, particularly in sculpture, printmaking and mask-making. Demographics In June 1875 a measles epidemic killed about 25% of the popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located east of Sulawesi, west of New Guinea, and north and east of Timor. Lying within Wallacea (mostly east of the biogeographical Weber Line), the Maluku Islands have been considered as a geographical and cultural intersection of Asia and Oceania. The islands were known as the Spice Islands because of the nutmeg, mace and cloves that were exclusively found there, the presence of which sparked colonial interest from Europe in the sixteenth century. The Maluku Islands formed a single province from Indonesian independence until 1999, when it was split into two provinces. A new province, North Maluku, incorporates the area between Morotai and Sula, with the arc of islands from Buru and Seram to Wetar remaining within the existing Maluku Province. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trobriand Islands
The Trobriand Islands are a archipelago of coral atolls off the east coast of New Guinea. They are part of the nation of Papua New Guinea and are in Milne Bay Province. Most of the population of 12,000 indigenous inhabitants live on the main island of Kiriwina, which is also the location of the government station, Losuia. Other major islands in the group are Kaileuna, Vakuta, and Kitava. The group is considered to be an important tropical rainforest ecoregion in need of conservation. Geography The Trobriands consist of four main islands, the largest being Kiriwina Island, and the others being Kaileuna, Vakuta and Kitava. Kiriwina is long, and varies in width from . In the 1980s, there were around sixty villages on the island, containing around 12,000 people, while the other islands were restricted to a population of hundreds. Other than some elevation on Kiriwina, the islands are flat coral atolls and "remain hot and humid throughout the year, with frequent rainfall." People ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolai People
The Tolai are the indigenous people of the Gazelle Peninsula and the Duke of York Islands of East New Britain in the New Guinea Islands region of Papua New Guinea. They are ethnically close kin to the peoples of adjacent New Ireland and tribes like the Tanga people and are thought to have migrated to the Gazelle Peninsula in relatively recent times, displacing the Baining people who were driven westwards. The majority of Tolais speak Kuanua as their first language (~100,000). Two other languages are spoken as first languages: Lungalunga and Bilur, each with approximately 2,000 speakers. The Tolais almost universally define themselves as Christian and are predominantly Roman Catholic and United Church. Christianity was introduced to the island when Methodist ministers and teachers from Fiji arrived in the New Guinea islands region in 1875. However, in 1878 when some of the tribespeople ate four of the missionaries, the Englishman who led the missionaries, George Brown, direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korowai People
The Korowai, also called the Kolufo, are the people who live in southeastern West Papua in the Indonesian province of South Papua, close to the border with Papua New Guinea. They number about 3,000. According to ''The Daily Telegraph'', "Until the late 1970s, when anthropologists embarked on a study of the tribe, the Korowai were unaware of the existence of any peoples other than themselves". Language The Korowai language belongs to the Awyu–Dumut family (southeastern Papua) and is part of the Trans–New Guinea phylum. A dictionary and grammar book have been produced by a Dutch missionary linguist. Living The majority of the Korowai clans live in tree houses on their isolated forested territory.Sustainable living: Korowai tribe and tree h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kombai People
The Kombai are a Papuan people of Melanesia living in the Indonesian province of Papua in Western New Guinea. Their total population is about 5,650. Way of life The Kombai people live in clans, each clan having its own territory in the Papuan forest. Certain areas of the forest are not inhabited, as they are supposed to be sacred lands meant for the spirits. Each clan has a large treehouse where male tribesmen sleep, while women sleep in small huts on the ground. This sacred treehouse is thought to act as a defense from enemy attacks, and is closely guarded by men with bows and arrows. Like many other Papuan ethnic tribes, the Kombai people are hunter-gatherers. They hunt pigs and other forest animals, using small dogs to track down and kill their prey. For fishing, the Kombai build small dams in the stream and pour a poison from a toxic root into the water. This forces the fish to come to the surface, making them easy to catch. Cooking is done by heating stones under a fire, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asmat People
The Asmat are an ethnic group of New Guinea, residing in the province of South Papua, Indonesia. The Asmat inhabit a region on the island's southwestern coast bordering the Arafura Sea, with lands totaling approximately 18,000 km2 (7,336 mi2) and consisting of mangrove, tidal swamp, freshwater swamp, and lowland rainforest. The land of Asmat is located both within and adjacent to Lorentz National Park and World Heritage Site, the largest protected area in the Asia-Pacific region. The total Asmat population is estimated to be around 70,000 as of 2004. The term "Asmat" is used to refer both to the people and the region they inhabit. The Asmat have one of the most well-known woodcarving traditions in the Pacific, and their art is sought by collectors worldwide. Culture and subsistence The natural environment has been a major factor affecting the Asmat, as their culture and way of life are heavily dependent on the rich natural resources found in their forests, rivers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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