''Haplochromis'' is a

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or hor ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Cichlidae Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes. Cichlids were traditionally classed in a suborder, the Labroidei, along with the wrasses ( Labridae), in the order Perciformes, but molecular studies have contradicted thi ...

. It has been used as the default "

wastebin taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined ...

" for

Pseudocrenilabrinae The Pseudocrenilabrinae are a subfamily in the cichlid family of fishes to which, according to a study from 2004, includes all the Middle Eastern and African cichlids with the exception of the unusual '' Heterochromis multidens'' and the Malag ...

cichlids of the

East African Rift The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. In the past it was considered to be part of a ...

, and as such became the "largest"

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

"genus". Many of these cichlids are popular

aquarium An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ''aquaria'') is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aq ...

fishes; like similar Haplochromini they are known as "haplos", "happies" or "haps" among aquarium enthusiasts. The genus was established by F.M. Hilgendorf in 1888. It was originally conceived as a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

of A.C.L.G. Günther's ''"Chromis"'', at that time an even larger "wastebin genus" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

of Hilgendorf was '' H. obliquidens''. ''"Chromis"'' of Günther turned out to be a

junior homonym In biology, a homonym is a name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another such name, that belongs to a different taxon. The rule in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is that the first such name to be published is the se ...

G. Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...

ocean The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the wo ...

fish genus '' Chromis'', already established in 1814, and was abolished. As the years went by, other genera of (mostly) Haplochromini were lumped with and split again from ''Haplochromis'', and the final delimitation of the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

around ''H. obliquidens'' is not yet done.

Extinction crisis in Lake Victoria

The introduction of

Nile perch The Nile perch (''Lates niloticus''), also known as the African snook, Goliath perch, African barramundi , Goliath barramundi, Giant lates or the Victoria perch, is a species of freshwater fish in family Latidae of order Perciformes. It is wid ...

(''Lates niloticus'') to

Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropical lake, and the world's second-largest fresh water lake by surface area after ...

after 1954 severely upset the lake's

ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the syste ...

. By the late 1970s, the perch's

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

was approaching

carrying capacity The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available. The carrying capacity is defined as t ...

, and the smaller cichlids were fair game for the huge

carnivorous A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements derive from animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other sof ...

''Lates'', the

Nile tilapia The Nile tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') is a species of tilapia, a cichlid fish native to the northern half of Africa and the Levante area, including Israel, and Lebanon. Numerous introduced populations exist outside its natural range. It i ...

(''Oreochromis niloticus''), an adaptable

generalist A generalist is a person with a wide array of knowledge on a variety of subjects, useful or not. It may also refer to: Occupations * a physician who provides general health care, as opposed to a medical specialist; see also: ** General pract ...

, was also introduced and competed with the often specialized

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

cichlids of the lake for food and other resources. When the Nile perch stocks finally declined again in the late 1980s, an estimated 200 Haplochromini

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

(mostly ''Haplochromis'') may have become

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

– many of these had only been scientifically described a few years before their demise, and additional ones were only known or suspected to exist, but never properly studied or described. While the stocks of those species that survived are in many cases recovering, the lake ecosystem has changed irrevocably. The entire

trophic web A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one o ...

has been observed to be upset. But still,

evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...

runs its course: those Lake Victoria ''Haplochromis'' species that still exist are in many cases adapting to new food sources, and in time,

speciation Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within ...

is likely to set in and produce a new

adaptive radiation In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic int ...

of these fishes. Until then, however, the ecological balance of the lake is still on the brink, and many of the cichlids that survived the peak population of ''Lates'' are still critically endangered and close to extinction.

Systematics and taxonomy

''Haplochromis'' is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

of the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Haplochromini. Most of the tribe's members were at one time or another included in the present genus, but in many cases this was only temporary. Around the year 1900, as well 100 years later, the trend was to

split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, enterta ...

up the genus; especially in the mid-20th century, on the other hand, most authors lumped any and all Haplochromini that were not conspicuously distinct in the type genus.FishBase 009b/ref> While a number of

African Rift Valley The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. In the past it was considered to be part of ...

cichlids are certainly very close relatives of '' H. obliquidens'', the type species of the present genus, it is not very clear where to draw the boundary of ''Haplochromis'' with regard to its relatives. Still, several genera are now recognized as distinct by many authors and scientific databases, such as

FishBase FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web.

(see

below Below may refer to: *Earth *Ground (disambiguation) *Soil *Floor *Bottom (disambiguation) Bottom may refer to: Anatomy and sex * Bottom (BDSM), the partner in a BDSM who takes the passive, receiving, or obedient role, to that of the top or ...

); in particular the Haplochromini from

Lake Tanganyika Lake Tanganyika () is an African Great Lake. It is the second-oldest freshwater lake in the world, the second-largest by volume, and the second-deepest, in all cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. ...

and

Lake Malawi Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. It is the fifth largest fre ...

are usually removed from ''Haplochromis''. The genus delimitation in the entire tribe remains badly resolved, however, and further changes in

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

are likely in the future. In particular, between ''Haplochromis'', '' Astatotilapia'' and '' Thoracochromis'', species have been moved to and from over the years. The habit of

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...

ize is hampering

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies based on

mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA ...

alone, while

trophic Trophic, from Ancient Greek τροφικός (''trophikos'') "pertaining to food or nourishment", may refer to: * Trophic cascade * Trophic coherence * Trophic egg * Trophic function * Trophic hormone * Trophic level index * Trophic level * Trop ...

morph Morph may refer to: Biology * Morph (zoology), a visual or behavioral difference between organisms of distinct populations in a species * Muller's morphs, a classification scheme for genetic mutations * "-morph", a suffix commonly used in tax ...

s of a single species may appear to be distinct "species" if they are not

phylogenetical In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

ly studied. Several proposed genera are again included in ''Haplochromis'' at present, but it cannot be ruled out that some of these will eventually be recognized as valid again.

Species

There are currently 229 recognized species in this genus: * '' Haplochromis acidens'' Greenwood, 1967 * ''

Haplochromis adolphifrederici ''Haplochromis adolphifrederici'' is a species of haplochromine cichlid which is endemic to Lake Kivu. It is an insectivorous, maternal mouthbrooder. The specific name honours Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg (1873-1969) the German explorer i ...

'' Boulenger, 1914 * ''

Haplochromis aelocephalus ''Haplochromis aelocephalus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria, but has not been seen since 1985. It may be extinct, but is maintained as Critically Endangered by the IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (I ...

'' Greenwood, 1959 * '' Haplochromis aeneocolor'' Greenwood, 1973 * '' Haplochromis akika''

Lippitsch Lippitsch (German) or Lipič (Upper Sorbian) is a village in the northeast part of the German state Saxony, in the administrative district of Bautzen. It belongs to Upper Lusatia and was an independent municipality until 1977, when it was absorbed b ...

, 2003 * '' Haplochromis albertianus''

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...

, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis altigenis ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis ampullarostratus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Schraml, 2004 * '' Haplochromis angustifrons'' Boulenger, 1914 * '' Haplochromis annectidens'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis antleter ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Mietes & F. Witte, 2010 * '' Haplochromis apogonoides'' Greenwood, 1967 * '' Haplochromis arcanus'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis argens'' de Zeeuw,

Westbroek Westbroek is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of De Bilt, and lies about 6 km northwest of Bilthoven Bilthoven is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of ...

& F. Witte, 2013 * ''

Haplochromis argenteus ''Haplochromis argenteus'' is a critically endangered species of cichlid fish that is endemic to the Lake Victoria system in Africa. This species reaches a standard length of . The species declined rapidly after the Nile perch was introduced t ...

, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis artaxerxes ''Haplochromis artaxerxes'' was a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria where it is only known from the Napoleon Gulf, in Uganda. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. The Specific name (zoology), specific nam ...

'' Greenwood, 1962 * ''

Haplochromis astatodon ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

, 1921 * ''

Haplochromis avium ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

, 1929 * '' Haplochromis azureus'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * '' Haplochromis barbarae'' Greenwood, 1967 * ''

Haplochromis bareli ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' van Oijen, 1991 * '' Haplochromis bartoni'' Greenwood, 1962 * '' Haplochromis bayoni'' Boulenger, 1909 * '' Haplochromis beadlei'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis bicolor ''Haplochromis bicolor'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropical ...

'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Haplochromis boops'' Greenwood, 1967 * '' Haplochromis brownae'' Greenwood, 1962 * '' Haplochromis bullatus'' Trewavas, 1938 * ''

Haplochromis bwathondii ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Niemantsverdriet & F. Witte, 2010 * '' Haplochromis cassius'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * ''

Haplochromis cavifrons ''Haplochromis cavifrons'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is a benthopelagic fish, and is generally found a few hundred metres beyond the shore over hard substrate. This species grows to a length of SL. References ca ...

'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''

Haplochromis chilotes ''Haplochromis chilotes'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropica ...

'' Boulenger, 1911 * ''

Haplochromis chlorochrous ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis chromogynos ''Haplochromis chromogynos'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest trop ...

'' Greenwood, 1959 * '' Haplochromis chrysogynaion'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis cinctus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis cinereus'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Haplochromis cnester'' F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1981 * '' Haplochromis commutabilis'' Schraml, 2004 (Kachira blue) * '' Haplochromis coprologus'' Niemantsverdriet & F. Witte, 2010 * '' Haplochromis crassilabris'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis crebridens ''Haplochromis crebridens'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kivu on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great ...

'' Snoeks, De Vos, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990 * ''

Haplochromis crocopeplus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * ''

Haplochromis cronus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Greenwood, 1959 * ''

Haplochromis cryptodon ''Haplochromis cryptodon'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropic ...

'' Greenwood, 1959 * '' Haplochromis cryptogramma'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis cyaneus'' Seehausen, Bouton & Zwennes, 1998 * '' Haplochromis decticostoma'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis degeni'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis dentex ''Haplochromis dentex'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria, but has not been seen since 1987. It may be extinct, but is maintained as Critically Endangered by the IUCN in the small chance that a tiny –but currently unknown– pop ...

, 1922 * '' Haplochromis dichrourus''

, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis diplotaenia ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

& Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis dolichorhynchus'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis dolorosus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis eduardianus ''Haplochromis eduardianus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Uganda where it is found in Lake George, Lake Edward and the Kazinga Channel The Kazinga Channel in Uganda is a wide, long natural channel that links Lake Edward and Lake Ge ...

'' Boulenger, 1914 * ''

Haplochromis eduardii ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

, 1921 * '' Haplochromis elegans'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis empodisma'' Greenwood, 1960 * '' Haplochromis engystoma'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis erythrocephalus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis erythromaculatus ''Haplochromis erythromaculatus'' is a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Rwanda where it occurs in Lake Bulera, Lake Ruhondo and their feeder rivers. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis ...

'' De Vos, Snoeks & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis estor ''Haplochromis estor'' is a piscivorous species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. This cichlid was first documented by Charles Tate Regan Charles Tate Regan FRS (1 February 1878 – 12 January 194 ...

, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis eutaenia ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

& Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis exspectatus'' Schraml, 2004 * ''

Haplochromis fischeri ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Seegers, 2008 * ''

Haplochromis flavipinnis ''Haplochromis flavipinnis'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest trop ...

'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Haplochromis flavus'' Seehausen, Zwennes &

, 1998 * '' Haplochromis fuelleborni'' Hilgendorf &

Pappenheim Pappenheim is a town in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Altmühl, 11 km south of Weißenburg in Bayern. History Historically, Pappenheim was a statelet within Holy Roman Empire. It ...

, 1903 (Fuelleborn's mouthbrooder) * '' Haplochromis fuscus''

, 1925 * '' Haplochromis fusiformis'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis gigas ''Haplochromis gigas'' is a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria where it is only known to occur with certainty in the Speke Gulf, though its presence is suspected in other portions of the lake. Its preferred habitat is gently s ...

'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * '' Haplochromis gigliolii'' Pfeffer, 1896 * ''

Haplochromis gilberti ''Haplochromis gilberti'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropica ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis goldschmidti ''Haplochromis goldschmidti'' is a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria, where it is only known to occur with certainty in the southern part of the Emin Pasha Gulf. It feeds mainly on zooplankton and some insects. This species c ...

'' F. Witte,

& de Zeeuw, 2013 * '' Haplochromis gowersii'' Trewavas, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis gracilior ''Haplochromis gracilior'', known in Rwanda as the Boulenger's Kivu haplo and in the aquarium fish trade as Haplochromis 'torpedo stripe', is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Kivu on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo an ...

'' Boulenger, 1914 (Torpedostripe haplochromis) * '' Haplochromis granti'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis graueri ''Haplochromis graueri'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kivu on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Ri ...

'' Boulenger, 1914 * '' Haplochromis greenwoodi'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis guiarti ''Haplochromis guiarti'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria though it may now be extinct. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name honours the French parasitologist Jules Guiart (1870-1965), who was a friend ...

'' Pellegrin, 1904 * '' Haplochromis harpakteridion'' van Oijen, 1991 * '' Haplochromis heusinkveldi'' F. Wittee & Witte-Maas, 1987 * ''

Haplochromis hiatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Hoogerhoud & F. Witte, 1981 * ''

Haplochromis howesi ''Haplochromis howesi'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. The Specific name (zoology), specific name honours the United Kingdom, British taxonomist Gordon J. How ...

'' van Oijen, 1992 * '' Haplochromis humilior'' Boulenger, 1911 * '' Haplochromis humilis'' Steindachner, 1866 * ''

Haplochromis igneopinnis ''Haplochromis igneopinnis'' is a species of cichlid endemic to the Tanzanian portion of Lake Victoria in the Speke Gulf Speke () is a suburb of Liverpool. It is southeast of the city centre. Located near the widest part of the River Mersey, ...

'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * '' Haplochromis insidiae'' Snoeks, 1994 * '' Haplochromis iris'' Hoogerhoud & F. Witte, 1981 * ''

Haplochromis ishmaeli ''Haplochromis ishmaeli'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria though it may now be extinct in the wild. This species can reach a length of SL. A captive "insurance population" is maintained.McAndrews, R.; and D.I. Warmolts (25 May ...

'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Haplochromis kamiranzovu'' Snoeks, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1984 * ''

Haplochromis katavi The Katavi mouthbrooder (''Haplochromis katavi'') is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Tanzania where it is found in the Lake Rukwa Lake Rukwa is an endorheic lake located the Rukwa Valley of Rukwa Region, Songwe Region and Katavi Region i ...

'' Seegers, 1996 (Katavi mouthbrooder) * ''

Haplochromis katonga ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Schraml & Tichy, 2010 * '' Haplochromis katunzii'' ter Huurne & F. Witte, 2010 * '' Haplochromis kujunjui'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis labiatus ''Haplochromis labiatus'' is a species of cichlid found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda where it is found in Lake Edward Lake Edward (locally Rwitanzigye or Rweru) is one of the smaller African Great Lakes. It is located in ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis labriformis''

Nichols Nichols may refer to: People *Nichols (surname) *Nichol, a surname Places Canada * Nichols Islands, Nunavut United States * Nichols, California, an unincorporated community * Nichols Canyon, Los Angeles, California * Nichols, Connecticut * Nich ...

& La Monte, 1938 * '' Haplochromis lacrimosus'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis laparogramma ''Haplochromis laparogramma'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tro ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis latifasciatus ''Formally Haplochromis latifasciatus, Now Astatotilapia Latifasciata'' is a species of cichlid that is endemic to Uganda where restricted to the Lake Kyoga system, including Lake Bisina (a medium-sized lake to the east of Lake Kyoga itself) and ...

, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis limax ''Haplochromis limax'' is a species of cichlid found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda where it occurs in Lake George and Lake Edward Lake Edward (locally Rwitanzigye or Rweru) is one of the smaller African Great Lakes. It is ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis lividus'' Greenwood, 1956 * '' Haplochromis loati'' Greenwood, 1971 * '' Haplochromis longirostris'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''

Haplochromis luteus ''Haplochromis luteus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it is known from the western park of Speke Gulf and also from the Sengerema region, all in Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ...

'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis macconneli ''Haplochromis macconneli'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Turkana, northern Kenya ) , national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capit ...

'' Greenwood, 1974 * '' Haplochromis macrocephalus'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis macrognathus ''Haplochromis macrognathus'' is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Victoria in East Africa. This piscivorous A piscivore () is a carnivorous animal that eats primarily fish. The name ''piscivore'' is derived . Piscivore is equiva ...

, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis macrops ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' Boulenger, 1911 * '' Haplochromis macropsoides'' Greenwood, 1973 * '' Haplochromis maculipinna'' Pellegrin, 1913 * ''

Haplochromis mahagiensis ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' L. R. David &

Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Figurative head counts * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling places o ...

, 1937 * '' Haplochromis maisomei'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis malacophagus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

& Damas, 1939 * ''

Haplochromis mandibularis ''Haplochromis mandibularis'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tro ...

'' Greenwood, 1962 * ''

Haplochromis martini ''Haplochromis martini'' is a critically endangered species of cichlid fish that is Endemism, endemic to the Lake Victoria system in Africa. It reaches a standard length of . The species declined rapidly after the Nile perch was Introduced specie ...

'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Haplochromis maxillaris'' Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis mbipi''

& Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis megalops ''Haplochromis megalops'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis, megalops Fish described in 1969 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis melanopterus ''Haplochromis melanopterus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to the Tanzanian portion of Lake Victoria where it occurs in Smith Sound Smith Sound ( da, Smith Sund; french: Détroit de Smith) is an uninhabited Arctic sea passage between Green ...

'' Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis melanopus''

, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis melichrous ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis mentatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

, 1925 * '' Haplochromis mento''

, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis michaeli ''Haplochromis michaeli'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria though it may now be extinct. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name honours the collector of the type, the British fisheries scientist Fisheries ...

'' Trewavas, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis microchrysomelas ''Haplochromis microchrysomelas'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kivu Lake Kivu is one of the African Great Lakes. It lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, the wes ...

'' Snoeks, 1994 * ''

Haplochromis microdon ''Haplochromis microdon'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria though it may now be extinct. This species can reach a length of SL. References microdon Hover flies (family Syrphidae) of the genus ''Microdon'' are unusual ...

'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis multiocellatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' Boulenger, 1913 * '' Haplochromis mylergates'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * '' Haplochromis mylodon'' Greenwood, 1973 * '' Haplochromis nanoserranus'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * '' Haplochromis nigrescens'' Pellegrin, 1909 * ''

Haplochromis nigricans ''Haplochromis nigricans'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it is known only known with certainty from Entebbe, Uganda, other populations now placed in ''H. rufocaudalis''. Its preferred habitat In ecology, the te ...

'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Haplochromis nigripinnis''

, 1921 * '' Haplochromis nigroides'' Pellegrin, 1928 * '' Haplochromis niloticus'' Greenwood, 1960 * '' Haplochromis nubilus'' Boulenger, 1906 (Blue Victoria mouthbrooder) * ''

Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus ''Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus'' is a species of cichlid found in Lake Victoria and the adjacent reaches of the Nile The Nile, , Bohairic , lg, Kiira , Nobiin: Áman Dawū is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows ...

'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''

Haplochromis nyanzae ''Haplochromis nyanzae'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis, nyanzae Fish described in 1962 Fish of Lake Victoria Taxa named by H ...

'' Greenwood, 1962 * ''

Haplochromis nyererei ''Haplochromis nyererei'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria in Africa. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name honours Julius Nyerere Julius Kambarage Nyerere (; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a ...

'' Witte-Maas & F. Witte, 1985 * '' Haplochromis obesus'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis obliquidens ''Haplochromis obliquidens'' is an African species of cichlid found in Lake Victoria and the adjacent reaches of the Nile. This species can reach a standard length of . Another species sometimes seen in the aquarium trade, ''Haplochromis latifa ...

'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''

Haplochromis obtusidens ''Haplochromis obtusidens'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropi ...

'' Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis occultidens'' Snoeks, 1988 * '' Haplochromis oligolepis''

, 2003 * '' Haplochromis olivaceus'' Snoeks, De Vos, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990 * ''

Haplochromis omnicaeruleus ''Haplochromis omnicaeruleus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tr ...

'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis oregosoma ''Haplochromis oregosoma'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Uganda where it occurs in Lake George (Uganda) Lake George or Lake Katunguru is a lake in Uganda. It covers a total surface area of and is a part of the African Great Lakes system, ...

'' Greenwood, 1973 * ''

Haplochromis orthostoma ''Haplochromis orthostoma'' is a species of cichlid fish that is endemic to the Lake Kyoga system in Uganda, where only known from Lake Bisina Lake Bisina, also known as Lake Salisbury, is a freshwater lake in eastern Uganda. It is a satellite l ...

, 1922 * '' Haplochromis pachycephalus'' Greenwood, 1967 * ''

Haplochromis pallidus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Boulenger, 1911 * ''

Haplochromis pancitrinus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Mietes & F. Witte, 2010 * ''

Haplochromis pappenheimi ''Haplochromis pappenheimi'' is a species of cichlid found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda where it occurs in Lake Edward, Lake George and the Kazinga Channel. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name hono ...

'' Boulenger, 1914 * '' Haplochromis paradoxus''

Kaufman Kaufman or Kauffman may refer to: People * Kaufmann (surname) ''Includes Kaufman, Kauffman, Kauffmann'' Places * Kaufman, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Madison Count * Kaufman, Texas, a city in Kaufman County * Kaufman County, Texa ...

, 2003 * ''

Haplochromis paraguiarti ''Haplochromis paraguiarti'' is a species of cichlid endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indige ...

'' Greenwood, 1967 * '' Haplochromis paraplagiostoma'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis paropius ''Haplochromis paropius'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropica ...

'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis parorthostoma ''Haplochromis parorthostoma'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria where it is known from areas with hard substrates. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis, parorthostom ...

'' Greenwood, 1967 * ''

Haplochromis parvidens ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' Boulenger, 1911 * '' Haplochromis paucidens''

, 1921 * ''

Haplochromis pellegrini ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

, 1922 * '' Haplochromis percoides'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Haplochromis perrieri'' Pellegrin, 1909 * ''

Haplochromis petronius ''Haplochromis petronius'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake George, Uganda. This species can reach a length of SL. References petronius Gaius Petronius ArbiterGreenwood, 1973 * ''

Haplochromis pharyngalis ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

& Damas, 1939 * ''

Haplochromis pharyngomylus ''Haplochromis pharyngomylus'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. This species feeds mainly on mollusks with both Bivalvia, bivalves and Gastropoda, gastropods ea ...

, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis phytophagus ''Haplochromis phytophagus'' is a species of cichlid endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indige ...

'' Greenwood, 1966 * '' Haplochromis piceatus'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis pitmani ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Fowler, 1936 * '' Haplochromis placodus''

& Damas, 1939 * ''

Haplochromis plagiodon ''Haplochromis plagiodon'' is a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis, plagiodon Fish of Tanzania Fish of Lake Victoria Fish described in ...

& Trewavas, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis plagiostoma ''Haplochromis plagiostoma'' is a species of cichlid endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indige ...

, 1922 * '' Haplochromis plutonius'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * '' Haplochromis prodromus'' Trewavas, 1935 * '' Haplochromis prognathus'' Pellegrin, 1904 * ''

Haplochromis pseudopellegrini ''Haplochromis pseudopellegrini'' is a species of cichlid populating Africa's freshwater Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. Lifestyle ''Haplochromis pseudopellegrini'' is a carnivore A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ...

'' Greenwood, 1967 * '' Haplochromis ptistes'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * ''

Haplochromis pundamilia ''Haplochromis pundamilia'' is a species of cichlid endemic to the Tanzanian portions of Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. References pundamilia pundamilia ''Pundamilia'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids e ...

'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus ''Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus'' is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Victoria in East Africa. This species can reach a standard length of . Historically a common species, the species rapidly declined and went unrecorded from the mid- ...

'' F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1987 * '' Haplochromis pyrrhopteryx'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis retrodens ''Haplochromis retrodens'' is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Victoria in East Africa. The species is a representative of the genus ''Haplochromis'', The species was common until the mid-1980s where it rapidly declined. It was listed b ...

'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * '' Haplochromis riponianus'' Boulenger, 1911 * ''

Haplochromis rubescens ''Haplochromis rubescens'' is a species of cichlid endemic to the Rwandan portions of Lake Kivu Lake Kivu is one of the African Great Lakes. It lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Alberti ...

'' Snoeks, 1994 * '' Haplochromis rubripinnis'' Seehausen,

& Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis rudolfianus ''Haplochromis rudolfianus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Turkana Lake Turkana (), formerly known as Lake Rudolf, is a lake in the Kenyan Rift Valley, in northern Kenya, with its far northern end crossing into Ethiopia. It is th ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis rufocaudalis'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis rufus ''Haplochromis rufus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it is found over rocky substrates in the southern portion of the lake. This species can reach a length of SL. This species may be placed back in the genus ''Lithoch ...

'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * '' Haplochromis sauvagei'' Pfeffer, 1896 * ''

Haplochromis saxicola ''Haplochromis saxicola'' is a species of cichlid found in Lake Victoria and may possibly occur in the adjacent reaches of the Nile. This species reaches a length of SL. References saxicola ''Saxicola'' (Latin: ''saxum'', rock + ''i ...

'' Greenwood, 1960 * '' Haplochromis scheffersi'' Snoeks, De Vos & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987 * '' Haplochromis schubotzi'' Boulenger, 1914 * '' Haplochromis schubotziellus'' Greenwood, 1973 * ''

Haplochromis serranus ''Haplochromis serranus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species reaches a length of SL. References serranus ''Serranus'' is a genus of fish in the family Serranidae. It is one of five genera known commonly as t ...

'' Pfeffer, 1896 * ''

Haplochromis serridens ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

, 1925 * ''

Haplochromis simotes ''Haplochromis simotes'' is a species of cichlid endemic to the Victorian Nile where it is only known with certainty from Kakindu and questionable records from Ripon Falls, both in Uganda. This species can reach a standard length of . This ...

'' Boulenger, 1911 * '' Haplochromis simpsoni'' Greenwood, 1965 * ''

Haplochromis smithii ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Castelnau, 1861 * '' Haplochromis snoeksi'' Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Vreven, 2010 * '' Haplochromis spekii'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis sphex ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' ter Huurne & F. Witte, 2010 * '' Haplochromis squamipinnis''

, 1921 * ''

Haplochromis squamulatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

, 1922 * '' Haplochromis sulphureus'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * '' Haplochromis tanaos'' van Oijen & F. Witte, 1996 * '' Haplochromis taurinus'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis teegelaari ''Haplochromis teegelaari'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria though it may now be extinct. This species reaches a length of SL. Its specific name honours the Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related ...

'' Greenwood & Barel, 1978 * '' Haplochromis teunisrasi'' F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1981 * ''

Haplochromis theliodon ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' Greenwood, 1960 * ''

Haplochromis thereuterion ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' van Oijen & F. Witte, 1996 * ''

Haplochromis thuragnathus ''Haplochromis thuragnathus'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria in Africa. This species reaches a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis, thuragnathus Fish described in 1967 Fish of Lake Victor ...

'' Greenwood, 1967 * ''

Haplochromis tridens ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

& Trewavas, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis turkanae ''Haplochromis turkanae'' , theTurkana haplochromis, also known in brief as Turkana haplo, is a species of cichlid endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, na ...

'' Greenwood, 1974 (Turkana haplo) * '' Haplochromis tyrianthinus'' Greenwood & Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis ushindi'' van Oijen, 2004 * ''

Haplochromis vanheusdeni ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichli ...

'' F. D. B. Schedel, Friel & U. K. Schliewen, 2014 * '' Haplochromis vanoijeni'' de Zeeuw & F. Witte, 2010 * ''

Haplochromis velifer ''Haplochromis velifer'' is a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Lake Nabugabo, Uganda. This species reaches a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis, velifer Endemic freshwater fish of Uganda Cichlid fish of Afri ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis venator ''Haplochromis venator'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Nabugabo in Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Re ...

'' Greenwood, 1965 * ''

Haplochromis vicarius ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis victoriae ''Haplochromis victoriae'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropic ...

'' Greenwood, 1956 * ''

Haplochromis victorianus ''Haplochromis victorianus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest trop ...

'' Pellegrin, 1904 * '' Haplochromis vittatus'' Boulenger, 1901 * ''

Haplochromis vonlinnei ''Haplochromis vonlinnei'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is greyish in color with a distinct mid-lateral band, and a rather slender shape. It feeds mainly on smaller fish. This species can reach a length of SL. The popul ...

'' van Oijen & de Zeeuw, 2008 * ''

Haplochromis welcommei ''Haplochromis welcommei'' is a Threatened species, threatened species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria in Africa. This species reaches a length of fish measurement, SL. Although further surveys are needed to confirm its status, it ...

'' Greenwood, 1966 * ''

Haplochromis worthingtoni ''Haplochromis worthingtoni'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kyoga in Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic ...

, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis xanthopteryx ''Haplochromis xanthopteryx'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria where it is only known to occur in the Mwanza Gulf in areas with rocky substrates. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. It can also be ...

'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis xenognathus ''Haplochromis xenognathus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest trop ...

'' Greenwood, 1957 * '' Haplochromis xenostoma''

, 1922

Undescribed species

These populations are typically referred to by the names they have in the

fish trade. A number of them are likely to represent undescribed distinct species; others might just be

subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...

color morph In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative ''phenotypes'', in the population of a species. To be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the s ...

Formerly in ''Haplochromis''

Among other

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

of Haplochromini that were formerly included here, many are small or

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

. The distinctness of these is highly doubtful, as they may just be distinct lineages of ''Haplochromis'' or other haplochromines. That nonwithstanding, Haplochromini genera to which some former ''"Haplochromis"'' have been removed are in particular:Linke & Staeck (1994), FishBase 009b/ref> * '' Astatoreochromis'' (3 species) * '' Astatotilapia'' (8 described species) * '' Aulonocara'' (22 species) * '' Buccochromis'' (7 species) * ''

Caprichromis ''Caprichromis'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. This genus contains noted paedophagous cichlids, specialising in the eating of eggs and fry of other cichlid species. Species There are currentl ...

'' (2 species) * '' Champsochromis'' (2 species) * ''

Cheilochromis ''Cheilochromis'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the cichlid family. It contains the sole species ''Cheilochromis euchilus'', the Malawi thicklip, which is endemic to Lake Malawi Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago ...

'' (monotypic) * ''

Chetia ''Chetia'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to riverine habitats in southern Africa, as well as the Congo River Basin. Species There are currently six recognized species in this genus: * '' Chetia brevicauda'' I. R. Bills & Olaf, 20 ...

'' (6 species) * '' Copadichromis'' (25 described species) * '' Ctenochromis'' (5 living and 1 extinct described species) * '' Ctenopharynx'' (3 species) * '' Cyrtocara'' (monotypic) * '' Dimidiochromis'' (4 species) * ''

Eclectochromis ''Eclectochromis'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * '' Eclectochromis lobochilus'' ( Trewavas, 1935) * '' Eclectochromis ornatus'' (Regan ...

'' (2 species) * '' Fossorochromis'' (monotypic) * '' Hemitaeniochromis'' (monotypic) * '' Lethrinops'' (24 species) * ''

Maylandia ''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemism, endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. They belong to the mbuna (rock-dwelling) haplochromines. All species in this genus are relatively small fishes, less than in ...

/Metriaclima'' (25 species) * '' Mchenga'' (6 species) * ''

Melanochromis ''Melanochromis'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa. Ecologically, they belong to the rock-dwelling mbuna cichlids of Lake Malawi. ''Melanochromis'' are typically small, slim but muscular fishes with l ...

'' (27 species) * ''

Mylochromis ''Mylochromis'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa. Species There are currently 21 recognized species in this genus: * '' Mylochromis anaphyrmus'' ( W. E. Burgess & H. R. Axelrod, 1973) * '' Mylochromi ...

'' (21 species) * ''

Naevochromis ''Naevochromis chrysogaster'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it prefers areas with rocky substrates. This species has a specialized diet, feeding on the fry and larvae of other cichlids. It reaches a total length of . This ...

'' (monotypic) * ''

Nimbochromis ''Nimbochromis'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids mostly endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. They are known as sleeper cichlids or ''kaligono'' ("sleepers" in Chichewa) due to their unique hunting behaviour. These piscivorous speci ...

'' (5 species) * '' Nyassachromis'' (8 species) * '' Orthochromis'' (14 species) * ''

Otopharynx ''Otopharynx'' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa. Species There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus: * '' Otopharynx antron'' Cleaver, Konings & Stauffer, 2009 * '' Otopharynx argyrosom ...

'' (13 species) * ''

Pharyngochromis ''Pharyngochromis'' is a genus of cichlids native to Southern Africa where they are only known from the Zambezi, Okavango Basin, Okavango, Save River (Africa), Save–Runde River, Runde and Kunene River, Kunene basins. There are two species, whic ...

'' (2 species) * ''

Placidochromis ''Placidochromis'' is a genus of cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa. They are part of the haplochromine lineage of Lake Malawi's cichlid taxa. Most ''Placidochromis'' species In biology, a species is the basic unit of clas ...

'' (43 species) * '' Protomelas'' (15 species) * ''

Pundamilia ''Pundamilia'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to East Africa, primarily in Lake Victoria. FishBase includes them in ''Haplochromis''. The generic epithet comes from Swahili ''punda milia'' ("zebra") after their striped appea ...

'' (4 species) * '' Pseudocrenilabrus'' (3 species) * '' Sargochromis'' (8 species) * '' Schwetzochromis'' (monotypic) * ''

Sciaenochromis ''Sciaenochromis'' is a genus of haplochromine __NOTOC__ The haplochromine cichlids are a tribe of cichlids in subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae called Haplochromini. This group includes the type genus (''Haplochromis'') plus a number of closely ...

'' (4 species) * '' Stigmatochromis'' (4 species) * '' Taeniochromis'' (monotypic) * ''

Taeniolethrinops ''Taeniolethrinops'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemism, endemic to Lake Malawi. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * ''Taeniolethrinops cyrtonotus'' (Ethelwynn Trewavas, Trewavas, 1931) * ''Taeni ...

'' (4 species) * '' Thoracochromis'' (12 species) * ''

Tramitichromis ''Tramitichromis'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi. Species There are currently five recognized species in this genus: * '' Tramitichromis brevis'' (Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surn ...

'' (5 species) * '' Trematocranus'' (3 species) * ''

Tyrannochromis ''Tyrannochromis'' is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African ...

'' (4 species) Some other

were also – mainly by early authors – included in ''Haplochromis'', though they are not members of its

. These are: * ''

Anomalochromis thomasi ''Anomalochromis'' is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae, containing the single species ''Anomalochromis thomasi'', the African butterfly cichlid. It is a small cichlid growing to a length of . The natural habitat of ''A. thomasi'' is Sierr ...

'' of the

Hemichromini Hemichromini is a tribe of African cichlids. The group consists of 14 species of freshwater fish Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 1.05%. ...

* ''

Altolamprologus compressiceps ''Altolamprologus compressiceps'' is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is endemic to the shallow rocky areas of Lake Tanganyika. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN. Description It is physically similar to its close relativ ...

'' of the

Lamprologini Lamprologini is a tribe of African cichlid fishes. It contains seven genera and nearly 100 species. Over half of the species in this tribe are in the large genus ''Neolamprologus''. Most genera in the tribe are endemic to Lake Tanganyika, but on ...

* '' Tilapia jallae'' of the Tilapiini

Synonyms of ''Haplochromis''

With all the

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

and systematic confusion affecting ''Haplochromis'' and its allies, it is hardly surprising that the genus has a large number of

junior synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...

s. Most referred to small or monotypic genera that were once considered distinct, but are now included in ''Haplochromis'' again, if only to wait for a major review of their status. Synonyms are: * ''Allochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Cleptochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Enterochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Gaurochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Harpagochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Labrochromis'' Regan, 1920 * ''Lipochromis'' Regan, 1920 * ''Platytaeniodus'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''Prognathochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Ptyochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Psammochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Tridontochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Xystichromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Yssichromis'' Greenwood, 1980 Sometimes other genera listed above are also synonymized.

Footnotes

References

* 009abr>Valid ''Haplochromis'' species
Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * 009bbr>''Haplochromis'' taxa
Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * (2009):
2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
'. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20. * (2008): Dietary shift in benthivorous cichlids after the ecological changes in Lake Victoria. '' Anim. Biol.'' 58(4): 401-417. (HTML abstract) * (1994): ''African cichlids II: Cichlids from East Africa. A handbook for their identification, care and breeding.'' Tetra Press, Germany. * (2001): Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 20(3): 361–374. {{Taxonbar, from=Q133344 Cichlid fish of Africa Cichlid genera Taxa named by Franz Martin Hilgendorf