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''Haplocheirus'' is a
''Haplocheirus'' had an enlarged thumb claw like alvarezsaurids, but also retained two other functional fingers, unlike alvarezsaurids, where only the thumb was significantly large and clawed. It had long legs and was probably a fast runner. It had large pupils for proportional for an animal its size.
As an alvarezsaur, it was among the largest members of the clade, with an estimated adult body mass of , though it was surpassed by '' Bonapartenykus''. The total length of the holotype, which was a still-growing juvenile, would have been roughly , depending on the length of the tail. According to one study, it and the
Bird-Dinosaur Link Firmed Up, And in Brilliant Technicolor
''Science'' 29 January 2010: Vol. 327. no. 5965, p. 508, DOI 10.1126/science.327.5965.508 *Doreen Walto
New dinosaur discovery solves evolutionary bird puzzle
''BBC News'' Thursday, 28 January 2010 Alvarezsaurs Monotypic dinosaur genera Oxfordian life Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia Jurassic China Fossils of China Paleontology in Xinjiang Fossil taxa described in 2010 {{theropod-stub
''Haplocheirus'' is a genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of theropod
Theropoda (; ), whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally c ...
dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...
. Upon its description, it was considered the oldest alvarezsauroid
Alvarezsauroidea is a group of small maniraptoran dinosaurs. Alvarezsauroidea, Alvarezsauridae, and Alvarezsauria are named for the historian Gregorio Álvarez, not the more familiar physicist Luis Alvarez, or his son geologist Walter Alvarez ...
, predating all other members by about 63 million years. This has subsequently been questioned. A 2019 study considered ''Haplocheirus'' a compsognathid
Compsognathidae is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs. Compsognathids were small carnivores, generally conservative in form, hailing from the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. The bird-like features of these species, along with other ...
instead of an alvarezsauroid, while a 2022 study considered it to have more similarities with ornithomimosaurs. ''Haplocheirus'' was described in 2010 from a fossil specimen found from the 160-million-year-old Shishugou Formation
The Shishugou Formation () is a geological formation in Xinjiang, China.
Its strata date back to the Late Jurassic period. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Din ...
in the Junggar Basin
The Junggar Basin () is one of the largest sedimentary basins in Northwest China. It is located in Xinjiang, and enclosed by the Tarbagatai Mountains of Kazakhstan in the northwest, the Altai Mountains of Mongolia in the northeast, and the Heave ...
of northwestern China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. The type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
is ''H. sollers'', meaning "simple-handed skillful one", referencing its hypothesized behavior of using its three-fingered hands for activities that other alvarezsauroids could not perform, such as catching prey.
Description
''Haplocheirus'' had an enlarged thumb claw like alvarezsaurids, but also retained two other functional fingers, unlike alvarezsaurids, where only the thumb was significantly large and clawed. It had long legs and was probably a fast runner. It had large pupils for proportional for an animal its size.
As an alvarezsaur, it was among the largest members of the clade, with an estimated adult body mass of , though it was surpassed by '' Bonapartenykus''. The total length of the holotype, which was a still-growing juvenile, would have been roughly , depending on the length of the tail. According to one study, it and the alvarezsaurid
Alvarezsauridae is a family of small, long-legged dinosaurs. Although originally thought to represent the earliest known flightless birds, they are now thought to be an early diverging branch of maniraptoran theropods. Alvarezsaurids were highly ...
''Shuvuuia
''Shuvuuia'' is a genus of bird-like theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period of Mongolia. It is a member of the family Alvarezsauridae, small coelurosaurian dinosaurs which are characterized by short but powerful forelimbs specialized f ...
'' were likely nocturnal
Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite.
Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed sens ...
animals.
See also
* 2010 in paleontology *List of dinosaurs
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organizations
* List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
* SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...
Footnotes
References
External links
*Richard StonBird-Dinosaur Link Firmed Up, And in Brilliant Technicolor
''Science'' 29 January 2010: Vol. 327. no. 5965, p. 508, DOI 10.1126/science.327.5965.508 *Doreen Walto
New dinosaur discovery solves evolutionary bird puzzle
''BBC News'' Thursday, 28 January 2010 Alvarezsaurs Monotypic dinosaur genera Oxfordian life Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia Jurassic China Fossils of China Paleontology in Xinjiang Fossil taxa described in 2010 {{theropod-stub