''Celaenorrhinus'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
skipper butterflies
Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally called butterflies. They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea; however, the most recent taxonomy ...
which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is
also used for related genera. They belong to the
spread-winged skipper
Pyrginae, commonly known as spread-winged skippers, are a subfamily of the skipper butterfly family (biology), family (Hesperiidae). The subfamily was established by Hermann Burmeister in 1878. Their delimitation and internal systematics has chan ...
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
(Pyrginae), and therein are the
type genus of
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
Celaenorrhini
The Celaenorrhinini are a tribe of spread-winged skippers in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae. When the Eudaminae were still included in the Pyrginae as a tribe, their delimitation versus the Celaenorrhinini was disputed, and there were ...
.
''Celaenorrhinus''
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
are found in most
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
regions. However, rather than a
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
genus the group appears to be a
paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
assemblage, and will probably be split up in the future.
Species
*The Africa
species group
**''
Celaenorrhinus ambra
''Celaenorrhinus ambra'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in northern Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french ...
''
Evans, 1937
**''
Celaenorrhinus ankasa
''Celaenorrhinus ankasa'', commonly known as the Ankasa sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally call ...
''
Larsen & Miller, 2005
**''
Celaenorrhinus aureus''
Collins & Larsen, 2005
**''
Celaenorrhinus bakolo''
Miller, 1964
**''
Celaenorrhinus beni
''Celaenorrhinus beni'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Subspecies
*''Celaenorrhinus beni beni'' (Democratic Republic of the Congo: north-eas ...
''
Bethune-Baker, 1908
**''
Celaenorrhinus bettoni
''Celaenorrhinus bettoni'', Betton's sprite or Betton's flat, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique and eastern Zim ...
''
Butler, 1902
**''
Celaenorrhinus boadicea
''Celaenorrhinus boadicea'', Boadicea's sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia. The habita ...
''
(Hewitson, 1877)
**''
Celaenorrhinus chrysoglossa
''Celaenorrhinus chrysoglossa'', commonly known as central sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally c ...
''
(Mabille, 1891)
**''
Celaenorrhinus cordeironis''
Kielland, 1992
**''
Celaenorrhinus dargei''
Berger, 1976
**''
Celaenorrhinus galenus
''Celaenorrhinus galenus'', also known as the common orange sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, from Cameroon to Ethiopia and to Ta ...
''
(Fabricius, 1793)
**''
Celaenorrhinus handmani''
Collins & Congdon, 1998
**''
Celaenorrhinus hecqui
''Celaenorrhinus hecqui'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae.
Habitat
It is found in Ituri
Ituri is one of the 21 new provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Ituri, Bas-Uele, ...
''
Berger, 1976
**''
Celaenorrhinus homeyeri
''Celaenorrhinus homeyeri'', commonly known as Homeyer's sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally cal ...
''
(Plötz, 1880)
**''
Celaenorrhinus humbloti
''Celaenorrhinus humbloti'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found on Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: Rép ...
''
(Mabille, 1884)
**''
Celaenorrhinus illustris
''Celaenorrhinus illustris'', commonly known as the illustrious sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are genera ...
''
(Mabille, 1891)
**''
Celaenorrhinus illustroides''
Miller, 1971
**''
Celaenorrhinus intermixtus''
Aurivillius, 1896
**''
Celaenorrhinus kasai''
Evans, 1956
**''
Celaenorrhinus kimboza''
Evans, 1949
**''
Celaenorrhinus kivuensis''
Joicey & Talbot, 1921
**''
Celaenorrhinus leona''
Berger, 1975
**''
Celaenorrhinus lourentis''
de Jong, 1976
**''
Celaenorrhinus macrostictus''
Holland, 1893
**''
Celaenorrhinus meditrina''
(Hewitson, 1877)
**''
Celaenorrhinus milleri''
Collins & Larsen, 2003
**''
Celaenorrhinus mokeezi''
(Wallengren, 1857)
**''
Celaenorrhinus nigropunctata''
Bethune-Baker, 1908
**''
Celaenorrhinus nimba''
Collins & Larsen, 2000
**''
Celaenorrhinus ovalis''
Evans, 1937
**''
Celaenorrhinus perlustris''
Rebel, 1914
**''
Celaenorrhinus plagiatus''
Berger, 1976
**''
Celaenorrhinus pooanus''
Aurivillius, 1910
**''
Celaenorrhinus proxima''
(Mabille, 1877)
**''
Celaenorrhinus rubeho''
Kielland, 1990
**''
Celaenorrhinus rutilans''
(Mabille, 1877)
**''
Celaenorrhinus sagamase''
Collins & Larsen, 2005
**''
Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis''
Kielland, 1990
**''
Celaenorrhinus selysi''
Berger, 1955
**''
Celaenorrhinus suzannae''
Berger, 1976
**''
Celaenorrhinus toro''
Evans, 1937
**''
Celaenorrhinus uluguru''
Kielland, 1990
**''
Celaenorrhinus zanqua''
Evans, 1937
*The Asia species group
**''
Celaenorrhinus aspersa''
Leech, 1891
**''
Celaenorrhinus maculosa''
(C. & R. Felder, 867
__NOTOC__
Year 867 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* September 23 – Emperor Michael III is murde ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus inexspectus''
Devyatkin, 2000
**''
Celaenorrhinus phuongi''
Devyatkin, 2001
**''
Celaenorrhinus incestus''
Devyatkin, 2000
**''
Celaenorrhinus major''
Hsu, 1990
**''
Celaenorrhinus kuznetsovi''
Devyatkin, 2000
**''
Celaenorrhinus yaojiani''
Huang & Wu, 2003
**''
Celaenorrhinus oscula''
Evans, 1949
**''
Celaenorrhinus consanguinea''
Leech, 1891
**''
Celaenorrhinus ratna''
Fruhstorfer, 1909
**''
Celaenorrhinus pulomaya''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murd ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus horishanus''
Shirôzu, 1963
**''
Celaenorrhinus pero''
de Nicéville, 1889
**''
Celaenorrhinus choui''
Gu, 1994
**''
Celaenorrhinus ruficornis''
(Mabille, 1878)
**''
Celaenorrhinus ambareesa
''Celaenorrhinus ambareesa'',Markku Savela's website on Lepidopter Subfamily Pyrginae, Family Hesperiidae Retrieved April 19, 2018. commonly known as the Malabar spotted flat, is a species of hesperiid butterfly found in India.
Range
The butter ...
''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murd ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus vietnamicus''
Devyatkin, 1998
**''
Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus''
(Felder, 1868)
**''
Celaenorrhinus sumitra''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murd ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus pyrrha''
de Nicéville, 1889
**''
Celaenorrhinus pahangensis''
Naylor, 1962
**''
Celaenorrhinus leucocera''
(Kollar, 844
__NOTOC__
Year 844 ( DCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Battle of Mauropotamos: A Byzantine expedition under ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus putra''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murd ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus munda''
Moore, 1884
**''
Celaenorrhinus nigricans''
(de Nicéville, 1885)
**''
Celaenorrhinus asmara''
(Butler, 879
__NOTOC__
Year 879 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* April 10 – King Louis the Stammerer dies at Compiègne, ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus inaequalis''
Elwes & Edwards, 1897
**''
Celaenorrhinus aurivittata''
(Moore, 879
__NOTOC__
Year 879 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* April 10 – King Louis the Stammerer dies at Compiègne, ...
**''
Celaenorrhinus cameroni''
(Distant, 1882)
**''
Celaenorrhinus ficulnea''
(Hewitson, 1868)
**''
Celaenorrhinus ladana''
(Butler, 1870)
**''
Celaenorrhinus patula''
de Nicéville, 1889
**''
Celaenorrhinus tibetana''
(Mabille, 1876)
**''
Celaenorrhinus andamanicus''
(Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881)
**''
Celaenorrhinus badia''
(Hewitson, 1877)
**''
Celaenorrhinus dhanada''
Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murd ...
/small>
**'' Celaenorrhinus bazilanus'' (Fruhstorfer, 1909)
**'' Celaenorrhinus entellus'' (Hewitson, 1867)
**'' Celaenorrhinus flavocincta'' (de Nicéville, 1887)
**'' Celaenorrhinus halconis'' de Jong & Treadaway, 1993
**'' Celaenorrhinus kiku'' Hering, 1918
**'' Celaenorrhinus kurosawai'' Shirôzu, 1963
**'' Celaenorrhinus morena'' Evans, 1949
**'' Celaenorrhinus patuloides'' de Jong, 1981
**'' Celaenorrhinus plagifera'' de Nicéville, 1889
**'' Celaenorrhinus saturatus'' Elwes & Edwards, 1897
**'' Celaenorrhinus toxopei'' de Jong, 1981
**'' Celaenorrhinus treadawayi'' de Jong, 1981
**'' Celaenorrhinus zea'' Swinhoe, 1909
*The America species group
**'' Celaenorrhinus aegiochus'' (Hewitson, 1876)
**'' Celaenorrhinus anchialus'' (Mabille, 1878)
**'' Celaenorrhinus approximatus'' Williams & Bell, 1940
**'' Celaenorrhinus astrigera'' (Butler, 1877)
**'' Celaenorrhinus autochton'' Steinhauser & Austin, 1996
**'' Celaenorrhinus bifurcus'' Bell, 1934
**'' Celaenorrhinus cynapes'' (Hewitson, 1870)
**'' Celaenorrhinus disjunctus'' Bell, 1940
**'' Celaenorrhinus eligius'' (Stoll, 781
__NOTOC__
Year 781 ( DCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 781 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Euro ...
**'' Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri'' (Bailey, 1880)
**'' Celaenorrhinus jao'' (Mabille, 1889)
**'' Celaenorrhinus monartus'' (Plötz, 1884)
**'' Celaenorrhinus orneates'' Austin, 1996
**'' Celaenorrhinus par'' Steinhauser & Austin, 1996
**'' Celaenorrhinus savia'' (Evans, 1952)
**'' Celaenorrhinus shema'' (Hewitson, 1877)
**'' Celaenorrhinus similis'' Hayward, 1933
**'' Celaenorrhinus songoensis'' Draudt, 1922
**'' Celaenorrhinus stallingsi'' Freeman, 1946
**'' Celaenorrhinus stola'' Evans, 1952
**'' Celaenorrhinus suthina'' (Hewitson, 1877)
**'' Celaenorrhinus syllius'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862)
**'' Celaenorrhinus tritonae'' (Weeks, 1901)
**'' Celaenorrhinus vagra'' Evans, 1952
Genus characteristics
The following is a description of the genus from an old work and may not account for more recent taxonomic changes.
References
* , 1934: New Hesperiidae from Trinidad and Peru (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). ''American Museum Novitates'' 745: 1-6. Full article
* , 2001: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 9. Three new species and one new subspecies from the subfamily Pyrginae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). ''Atalanta'' 32 (3/4): 403-410.
* 2003: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 14: A new species of the genus ''Celaenorrhinus'' Hübner 1819 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). ''Atalanta'' 34 (1/2): 115-118. Abstract
* , 2004, ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea''
* , 2008, A new species of ''Celaenorrhinus'' (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from N Myanmar, ''Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan'' 59 (3): 241-242. Abstract and full article
* , 1992 (1991): Notas sinonímicas sobre Hesperiidae Neotropicais, com descrições de novos géneros, espécies e subespécies (Lepidoptera). ''Revista Brasileira de Zoologia'' 7 (4): 503-524. Full article
* , 1971: Descriptions of new species and notes on other ''Hesperiidae'' of Africa. ''Bull. Allyn Museum'' 2: 1-17. Full article
* , 2008: ''Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea''.
External links
Seitz, A. ''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 76 et seq.Images representing ''Potanthus ''
at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1759000
Celaenorrhini
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner
Hesperiidae genera