The Hanriot H.34 was a

basic trainer A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristi ...

designed in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

in 1924 which did not reach production. It was a parasol wing aircraft, seating two in tandem.

Design and development

The parasol winged Hanriot H.34 was intended to complement the very successful

biplane A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While ...

HD.14. It was designed to be easy to fly and, with a low wing loading, to have low stalling and landing speeds. Both types placed instructor and pupil in tandem, with dual controls. The wing of the H.34 was in three parts. The two outer sections had parallel, straight and unswept

leading In typography, leading ( ) is the space between adjacent lines of type; the exact definition varies. In hand typesetting, leading is the thin strips of lead (or aluminium) that were inserted between lines of type in the composing stick to incre ...

and trailing edges and straight, angled tips. They were also cut away at their inner ends, where they met a rectangular, reduced

chord Chord may refer to: * Chord (music), an aggregate of musical pitches sounded simultaneously ** Guitar chord a chord played on a guitar, which has a particular tuning * Chord (geometry), a line segment joining two points on a curve * Chord ( ...

centre section, producing a cut-out out over the rear seat. Narrow chord

aileron An aileron (French for "little wing" or "fin") is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll (or movement around ...

s filled most of the trailing edge. The wings were of mixed construction with pairs of

duralumin Duralumin (also called duraluminum, duraluminium, duralum, dural(l)ium, or dural) is a trade name for one of the earliest types of age-hardenable aluminium alloys. The term is a combination of '' Dürener'' and ''aluminium''. Its use as a tra ...

spars and wooden ribs but the ailerons were all-metal. Pairs of parallel, rearward-leaning struts linked the lower

fuselage The fuselage (; from the French ''fuselé'' "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, or cargo. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an engine as well, although in some amphibious aircraft t ...

and the outer wing spars and four vertical struts from the upper fuselage to the centre section formed a cabane. The H.34 was powered initially by a Le Rhône 9C rotary engine, but could also be powered by Anzani 10C or

Salmson 9Ac Between 1920 and 1951 the Société des Moteurs Salmson in France developed and built a series of widely used air-cooled aircraft engines.Gunston 1986, p. 158. Design and development After their successful water-cooled radial engines, develop ...

radial engines. Its neat

cowling A cowling is the removable covering of a vehicle's engine, most often found on automobiles, motorcycles, airplanes, and on outboard boat motors. On airplanes, cowlings are used to reduce drag and to cool the engine. On boats, cowlings are a cove ...

merged into the circular section, aluminium-covered front fuselage which extended back to the forward

cockpit A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft or spacecraft, from which a Pilot in command, pilot controls the aircraft. The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the ...

. The cockpit section and rear fuselage had a rectangular section defined by four

spruce A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' (), a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. ''Picea'' is the sole genus in the subfami ...

longeron In engineering, a longeron and stringer is the load-bearing component of a framework. The term is commonly used in connection with aircraft fuselages and automobile chassis. Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural ...

s and was fabric covered. The instructor sat in the forward seat, with the pupil behind in a

wide enough to accept two sitting side-by-side if necessary. Aft, the fuselage tapered in plan to a conventional

empennage The empennage ( or ), also known as the tail or tail assembly, is a structure at the rear of an aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an arrow.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third ed ...

. Its

tailplane A tailplane, also known as a horizontal stabiliser, is a small lifting surface located on the tail (empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft as well as other non-fixed-wing aircraft such as helicopters and gyroplane ...

, with a similar plan to the wing, was mounted on top of the fuselage at an angle of incidence that could be adjusted in flight. It was braced by parallel pairs of struts from the lower longerons and carried angular

elevator An elevator or lift is a wire rope, cable-assisted, hydraulic cylinder-assisted, or roller-track assisted machine that vertically transports people or freight between floors, levels, or deck (building), decks of a building, watercraft, ...

s. The

fin A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. Fin ...

was rounded, bearing a full, curved

rudder A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (generally aircraft, air or watercraft, water). On an aircraft the rudder is used primarily to ...

which reached down to the keel and operated in an elevator cut-out. The H.34 had fixed, tailskid

landing gear Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. It was also formerly called ''alighting gear'' by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin ...

, with its mainwheels apart on an axle articulated in the centre. The outer ends of the axle were rubber sprung on V-struts from the lower longerons and its centre supported from a false axle. The first flight was made in 1924; though the date is unknown, it was flying by mid-September, taking part in the

Auvergne Auvergne (; ; oc, label=Occitan, Auvèrnhe or ) is a former administrative region in central France, comprising the four departments of Allier, Puy-de-Dôme, Cantal and Haute-Loire. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region Auverg ...

aero-club national rally. By November it was under test at Villacoublay. The H.34 was developed into the

Hanriot H.35 The Hanriot H.35 was a 1920s French intermediate training monoplane designed and built by Avions Hanriot. Design and development The H.35 was developed from the earlier H.34 basic trainer and was a two-seat strut-braced parasol monoplane. The ...

advanced trainer which had the same layout and appearance and a wing of the same construction and dimensions, but with a much more powerful

Hispano-Suiza 8Ab The Hispano-Suiza 8 was a water-cooled V8 SOHC aero engine introduced by Hispano-Suiza in 1914, and was the most commonly used liquid-cooled engine in the aircraft of the Entente Powers during the First World War. The original Hispano-Suiza 8A ...

and an dural-framed fuselage. It was longer, heavier and faster.

Variants

;H.34:The basic original aircraft powered by a Le Rhône 9C. ;H.34bis:Powered by an Anzani 10C of . At least one built or converted from the H.34. ;H.34ter:Powered by a

. At least one built or converted from the H.34. ; H.35:A trainer derived from the H.34, powered by a

. 13 built. ; H.36:Floatplane development of the H.35, powered by a

. 1 built (50 floatplane versions ordered by Yugoslavia, delivery/production uncertain.)

Specifications (H.34)

References

{{Hanriot aircraft 1920s French military trainer aircraft Hanriot aircraft Parasol-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1924