''Hakea'' ( ) is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of about 150 species of plants in the

Family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Pro ...

'',

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. They are shrubs or small trees with leaves that are sometimes flat, otherwise circular in cross section in which case they are sometimes

divided Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the ways that numbers are combined to make new numbers. The other operations are addition, subtraction, and multiplication. At an elementary level the division of two natural numb ...

. The flowers are usually arranged in groups in leaf

axil A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

s and resemble those of other

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

, especially ''

Grevillea ''Grevillea'', commonly known as spider flowers, is a genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Plants in the genus ''Grevillea'' are shrubs, rarely trees, with the leaves arranged alternately along the b ...

''. Hakeas have woody

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

which distinguishes them from grevilleas which have non-woody fruit which release the seeds as they mature. Hakeas are found in every state of Australia with the highest species diversity being found in the

south west The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

Description

Plants in the genus ''Hakea'' are shrubs or small trees. Some species have flat leaves, whilst others have leaves which are needle-like, in which case they are sometimes divided and sometimes have a groove on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in groups in leaf axils and are surrounded by

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

s when in bud. The flowers have both male and female parts and are borne on a short stalk called a

pedicel Pedicle or pedicel may refer to: Human anatomy *Pedicle of vertebral arch, the segment between the transverse process and the vertebral body, and is often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures ...

. The

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s and

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s, jointly called

tepal A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very ...

s, form a curved tube which sometimes splits open as the flower develops. The

style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...

is longer than the tepal tube and is curved before its tip is released. When released, the tip of the style is a

pollen-presenter A pollen-presenter is an area on the tip of the style in flowers of plants of the family Proteaceae on which the anthers release their pollen prior to anthesis. To ensure pollination, the style grows during anthesis, sticking out the pollen-pres ...

. The fruit of hakeas is woody and persists on the plant until burned in a bushfire or until the plant dies. The fruit then splits open to release two winged seeds. Hakeas are similar to other plants in the Family Proteaceae, but have undivided leaves arranged alternately,

sessile Sessility, or sessile, may refer to: * Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about * Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant * Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...

flowers arranged in loose groups in the

s of leaves or

s, unlike those in the ''

Banksia ''Banksia'' is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and fruiting "cones" and heads. ''Banksias'' range i ...

''. Hakeas are similar to species of ''

'' but are distinguished from them in having persistent, woody fruits. (Those of grevilleas are not persistent and not woody. The upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of hakeas are similar (dissimilar in grevilleas), and the

ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...

and style are

glabrous Glabrousness (from the Latin ''glaber'' meaning "bald", "hairless", "shaved", "smooth") is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of ...

(but hairy in grevilleas).

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Hakea'' was first formally described in 1797 by Heinrich Schrader and

Johann Christoph Wendland Johann Christoph Wendland (July 17, 1755 – July 27, 1828) was a German botanist and gardener born in Petit-Landau, Alsace. Family His son, Heinrich Ludolph Wendland (1791–1869), and his grandson, Hermann Wendland (1825–1903), ...

and the description was published in '' Sertum Hannoveranum''. The genus is named after Baron

Christian Ludwig von Hake Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

, an 18th-century

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

patron of

botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...

Distribution

Species of hakea are found in all states of Australia.

Horticulture

Hakeas are popular

ornamental plant Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ...

s in

garden A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is ''control''. The garden can incorporate both ...

s in Australia, and in many locations are as common as grevilleas and banksias. Several

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...

s and

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

s have been developed, including ''Hakea'' 'Burrendong Beauty'. They are best grown in beds of light soil which are watered but still well drained. Some showy western species, such as '' Hakea multilineata'', '' H. francisiana'' and '' H. bucculenta'', require

grafting Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion () while the lower part is called the rootstock. The succ ...

onto hardy stock such as ''

Hakea salicifolia ''Hakea salicifolia'' commonly known as the willow-leaved hakea, is species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an adaptable, fast growing small tree or shrub with attractive foliage and cream white flowers. Descript ...

'' for growing in more humid climates, as they are sensitive to

dieback Dieback may refer to a number of plant problems and diseases including: * Forest dieback caused by acid rain, heavy metal pollution, or imported pathogens * The death of regions of a plant or similar organism caused by physical damage, such as from ...

. Many species, particularly eastern Australian species, are notable for their hardiness, to the point they have become weedy. '' Hakea gibbosa'', '' H. sericea'', and '' H. drupacea'' (previously ''H. suaveolens'') have been weeds in

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

, ''

Hakea laurina ''Hakea laurina'' is shrub or small tree commonly known as kodjet or pin-cushion hakea and is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar name for the plant is ''kodjet'' or ''kojet''. It has red and cream conspicuous globular flowers and lance s ...

'' has become naturalized in the eastern states of Australia and is considered an environmental weed, and ''

'', '' Hakea gibbosa'', and ''

Hakea sericea ''Hakea sericea'', commonly known as bushy needlewood or silky hakea, is a large shrub with a profusion of mainly white flowers from July for several months. It is endemism, endemic to eastern Australia. It has become an environmental weed in so ...

'' are invasive weeds in

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

List of species

The following is a list of ''Hakea'' species recognised by the

Australian Plant Census The Australian Plant Census (APC) provides an online interface to currently accepted, published, scientific names of the vascular flora of Australia, as one of the output interfaces of the national government Integrated Biodiversity Information Syst ...

, except for '' Hakea asperma'' which is recognised by the

Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria are botanical garden, botanic gardens across two sites–Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Melbourne and Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne, Cranbourne. Melbourne Gardens was founded in 1846 when land was rese ...

: * '' Hakea actites'' W.R.Barker – mulloway needlebush, wallum hakea * '' Hakea aculeata''

A.S.George Alexander Segger George (born 4 April 1939) is a Western Australian botanist. He is the authority on the plant genera ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra''. The "bizarre" Restionaceae genus '' Alexgeorgea'' was named in his honour in 1976. Early life A ...

– column hakea * '' Hakea acuminata'' Haegi * '' Hakea adnata'' R.Br. * ''

Hakea aenigma ''Hakea aenigma'', commonly known as the enigma hakea, is a Critically Endangered, critically endangered shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. It is one of two ''Hakea'' species totally reliant on suckering ...

'' W.R.Barker & Haegi – enigma hakea * '' Hakea ambigua''

Meisn. Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (1 November 1800 – 2 May 1874) was a Swiss botanist. Biography Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 ...

* '' Hakea amplexicaulis'' R.Br. – prickly hakea * '' Hakea anadenia'' Haegi * '' Hakea arborescens'' R.Br. – common hakea, yellow hakea * ''

Hakea archaeoides ''Hakea archaeoides'' is a large shrub or small tree commonly known as Big Nellie hakea and is endemic to forest areas on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia. It has clusters of red and greenish yellow flowers in the flowering season. ...

'' W.R.Barker *'' Hakea asperma''

Molyneux Molyneux (; Old French: ''De Molines'' or ''De Moulins'') is a French surname. The surname has been linked primarily to a large French family that settled in Lancashire, England. By the 14th century the Molyneux family had split into three mai ...

& Forrester – native dog hakea * '' Hakea auriculata''

* '' Hakea bakeriana''

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victo ...

Maiden Virginity is the state of a person who has never engaged in sexual intercourse. The term ''virgin'' originally only referred to sexually inexperienced women, but has evolved to encompass a range of definitions, as found in traditional, modern ...

* '' Hakea baxteri'' R.Br. – fan hakea * ''

Hakea bicornata ''Hakea bicornata'' is a shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia, with attractive creamy-white flowers and fruit with two distinctive horns. Description ''Hakea bicornata'' is a lignotuberous, multiple stemmed shrub high. The ...

R.M.Barker Robyn M. Barker (born 1948) is an Honorary Research Associate of the South Australian Herbarium. She now works part-time, her duties include maintenance of the Vascular Plant Census for the State. Barker's research interests also include syst ...

* '' Hakea brachyptera''

– short-winged hakea * '' Hakea brownii''

– fan-leaf hakea * '' Hakea bucculenta'' C.A.Gardner – red pokers * '' Hakea candolleana''

* '' Hakea carinata''

* '' Hakea ceratophylla'' (

Sm. __NOTOC__ Sir James Edward Smith (2 December 1759 – 17 March 1828) was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society. Early life and education Smith was born in Norwich in 1759, the son of a wealthy wool merchant. He displayed a ...

) R.Br. – horned-leaf hakea, staghorn hakea * ''

Hakea chordophylla ''Hakea chordophylla'', commonly known as bootlace oak, bootlace tree, corkwood, or bull oak, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae found in central and northern Australia. Bares very showy golden yellow, pale green or c ...

– bootlace oak, bootlace tree, corkwood, bull oak * ''

Hakea chromatropa ''Hakea chromatropa'' is a species of shrub found in Southwest Australia. The distribution is restricted to an area around Wongan Hills, where it is found on gravelly loam in open shrubland. The flowers are white or creamy, becoming pink, and wit ...

* '' Hakea cinerea'' R.Br. * '' Hakea circumalata''

* ''

Hakea clavata ''Hakea clavata'', commonly known as coastal hakea is a shrub that is endemic to an area along the south coast of Western Australia. It has thick leaves, pink and grey flowers and grows on rocky outcrops. Description ''Hakea clavata'' is a lig ...

'' Labill. – coastal hakea * '' Hakea collina''

C.T.White Cyril Tenison ("C.T.") White (17 August 1890 – 15 August 1950) was an Australian botanist. Early life White was born in Brisbane to Henry White, a trade broker, and Louisa ''nee'' Bailey. He attended school at South Brisbane State School, an ...

* '' Hakea commutata''

* ''

Hakea conchifolia ''Hakea conchifolia'', commonly known as the shell-leaved hakea is a shrub in the family Proteaceae native to an area in the west coast of the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. An attractive small species with unusual rigid leaves that en ...

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of t ...

– shell-leaved hakea * '' Hakea constablei''

L.A.S.Johnson Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson FAA, (26 June 1925 – 1 August 1997) known as Lawrie Johnson, was an Australian taxonomic botanist. He worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, for the whole of his professional career, as a botanist (194 ...

* '' Hakea corymbosa'' R.Br. – cauliflower hakea * '' Hakea costata''

– ribbed hakea * '' Hakea cristata'' R.Br. * '' Hakea cucullata'' R.Br. – hood-leaved hakea, scallop hakea * ''

Hakea cyclocarpa ''Hakea cyclocarpa'', commonly known as the ram's horn, wild bean or curved-fruit hakea is a shrub in the family Proteaceae. A strongly scented species with large creamy-white flowers with a red style and interesting fruit. Native to an area alo ...

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley w ...

– ramshorn hakea * ''

Hakea cycloptera ''Hakea cycloptera'', commonly known as elm-seed hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to South Australia. It is a small spreading shrub with an abundance of pale pink or white flowers from December to August. Description ''Hakea cy ...

'' R.Br. * ''

Hakea cygna ''Hakea cygna'', commonly known as the swan hakea, is usually a dense shrub endemic to Western Australia with creamy-white upright flowers appearing from July to August. Description ''Hakea cygna'' is an upright non-lignotuberous shrub growing t ...

Lamont Lamont or LaMont may refer to: People *Lamont (name), people with the surname or given name ''Lamont'' or ''LaMont'' * Clan Lamont, a Scottish clan Places Canada *Lamont, Alberta, a town in Canada * Lamont County, a municipal district in Albert ...

** ''Hakea cygna''

subsp. ''cygna'' – swan-fruit hakea ** ''Hakea cygna'' subsp. ''needlei''

* '' Hakea dactyloides''

Gaertn. Joseph Gaertner (12 March 1732 – 14 July 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' (1788-1792). Biography He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller ...

– finger hakea * '' Hakea decurrens'' R.Br. ** ''Hakea decurrens'' R.Br. subsp. ''decurrens'' ** ''Hakea decurrens'' subsp. ''physocarpa'' W.R.Barker ** ''Hakea decurrens'' subsp. ''platytaenia'' W.R.Barker * ''

Hakea denticulata ''Hakea denticulata'', commonly known as stinking Roger is a shrub tree endemic southern Western Australia. One of the many species of Australian plant described by the botanist Robert Brown. A compact shrub high and wide with red flowers in th ...

'' R.Br. – stinking Roger * '' Hakea divaricata''

– needlewood, corkbark tree, fork-leaved corkwood * '' Hakea dohertyi'' Haegi * '' Hakea drupacea'' ( C.F.Gaertn.)

Roem. Johann Jacob Roemer (8 January 1763, Zurich – 15 January 1819) was a physician and professor of botany in Zurich, Switzerland. He was also an entomologist. With Austrian botanist Joseph August Schultes, he published the 16th edition of Carl ...

Schult. Josef (Joseph) August Schultes (15 April 1773 in Vienna – 21 April 1831 in Landshut) was an Austrian botanist and professor from Vienna. Together with Johann Jacob Roemer (1763–1819), he published the 16th edition of Linnaeus' ''Systema ...

* '' Hakea ednieana''

Tate Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the U ...

– Flinders Range hakea, yandena * '' Hakea elliptica'' (

) R.Br. – oval-leaf hakea * '' Hakea eneabba'' Haegi * '' Hakea epiglottis'' Labill. ** ''Hakea epiglottis'' Labill. subsp. ''epiglottis'' ** ''Hakea epiglottis'' subsp. ''milliganii (

)

* ''

Hakea erecta ''Hakea erecta'' is a shrub in the family ''Proteaceae'' and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a dense rounded shrub with linear twisted leaves and up to 24 pink or white fragrant flowers appearing in leaf axils in spring. Description ''Ha ...

* '' Hakea eriantha'' R.Br. – tree hakea * '' Hakea erinacea''

– hedgehog hakea, porcupine hakea * '' Hakea eyreana'' (

S.Moore Spencer Le Marchant Moore (1 November 1850 – 14 March 1931) was an English botanist. Biography Moore was born in Hampstead. He worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from about 1870 to 1879, wrote a number of botanical papers, and then work ...

)

McGill McGill is a surname of Scottish and Irish origin, from which the names of many places and organizations are derived. It may refer to: People * McGill (surname) (including a list of individuals with the surname) * McGill family (Monrovia), a promin ...

– straggly corkbark * '' Hakea falcata'' R.Br. – sickle hakea * ''

Hakea ferruginea ''Hakea ferruginea'', commonly known as rusty hakea, is shrub in the family '' Proteacea''. It has flat leaves and white to cream-coloured flowers from late winter to mid-summer and is endemic to Western Australia. Description ''Hakea ferrugin ...

Sweet Sweetness is a basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods rich in sugars. Sweet tastes are generally regarded as pleasurable. In addition to sugars like sucrose, many other chemical compounds are sweet, including aldehydes, ketones ...

* ''

Hakea flabellifolia ''Hakea flabellifolia'', commonly known as the fan-leaved hakea or wedge hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to an area along the west coast in the Mid West and Wheatbelt regions of Western Australia. Description The ere ...

– fan-leaved hakea, wedge hakea * '' Hakea florida'' R.Br. * '' Hakea florulenta''

* ''

Hakea francisiana ''Hakea francisiana'', commonly called the emu tree, grass-leaf hakea or bottlebrush hakea, is a shrub or tree of the genus ''Hakea'' native to Western Australia and South Australia. Description The non-lignotuberous shrub or tree with an open ...

– emu tree, grass-leaf hakea, bottlebrush hakea * ''

Hakea fraseri ''Hakea fraseri'', is a species of shrub or small tree commonly known as the corkwood oak, is a shrub in the family ''Proteaceae'' and is endemic to northern New South Wales. It has furrowed bark, pendulous foliage and creamy-white flowers in sp ...

'' R.Br. – corkwood oak * '' Hakea gibbosa'' (

) Cav. – hairy hakea, rock hakea * '' Hakea gilbertii''

Kippist Richard Kippist (1812–1882) was an English botanist and librarian. Life Kippist was born in Stoke Newington, London, on 11 June 1812. He worked as a clerk in the office of Joseph Woods, F.L.S., architect, with whom he shared an interest in bo ...

* '' Hakea grammatophylla'' (

) F.Muell. * '' Hakea hastata'' Haegi * '' Hakea hookeriana''

– Barren Range hakea * ''

Hakea horrida ''Hakea horrida'' is a shrub in the family '' Proteacea'' and is endemic to an area in the Wheatbelt, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. It is a small dense shrub, extremely prickly with large creamy white sc ...

* ''

Hakea ilicifolia ''Hakea ilicifolia'' is an open shrub or tree in the family ''Proteacea'' and is endemism, endemic to Western Australia. It is a small, dense shrub with stiff, lobed leaves and clusters of yellow or creamy-white flowers. Description ''Hakea ili ...

'' R.Br. * '' Hakea incrassata'' R.Br. – marble hakea * '' Hakea invaginata''

B.L.Burtt Brian Laurence "Bill" Burtt FRSE Linnean Society, FLS (27 August 1913 – 30 May 2008), was an English botanist and taxonomist who is noted for his contributions to the family Gesneriaceae. In a career that spanned 74 years, he worked first at t ...

* '' Hakea ivoryi''

F.M.Bailey Frederick Manson Bailey (8 March 1827 – 25 June 1915) was a botanist active in Australia, who made valuable contributions to the characterisation of the flora of Queensland. He was known by his middle name, Manson. Early life Bailey was b ...

– Ivory's hakea, corkwood, corkbark tree * ''

Hakea kippistiana ''Hakea kippistiana'' is a shrub in the family Proteacea and endemic to Western Australia. It is a dense prickly shrub with sharp needle-shaped leaves with fragrant white, cream or pink flowers from November to February. Description ''Hakea kip ...

* '' Hakea laevipes''

Gand. Abbé Jean Michel Gandoger (10 May 1850 – 4 October 1926), was a French botanist and mycologist. He was born in Arnas, Rhône, Arnas, the son of a wealthy vineyard owner in the Beaujolais region. Although he took holy orders at the age of 26, he ...

** ''Hakea laevipes'' subsp. ''graniticola'' Haegi ** ''Hakea laevipes''

subsp. ''laevipes'' * '' Hakea lasiantha'' R.Br. – woolly-flowered hakea * '' Hakea lasianthoides''

Rye Rye (''Secale cereale'') is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) and is closely related to both wheat (''Triticum'') and barley (genus ''Hordeum''). Rye grain is u ...

* '' Hakea lasiocarpha'' R.Br. – long-styled hakea * ''

'' R.Br. – kodjet, pin-cushion hakea, emu bush * '' Hakea lehmanniana''

– blue hakea * ''

Hakea leucoptera ''Hakea leucoptera'', commonly known as silver needlewood, needle hakea, pin bush or water tree and as booldoobah in Koori language, is a shrub or small tree with rigid, cylindrical, sharply pointed leaves and white, cream-coloured or yellow flow ...

'' R.Br. – silver needlewood, needle hakea, pin bush, water tree, booldoobah ** ''Hakea leucoptera'' R.Br. subsp. ''leucoptera'' ** ''Hakea leucoptera'' subsp. ''sericipes'' W.R.Barker * '' Hakea linearis'' R.Br. * ''

Hakea lissocarpha ''Hakea lissocarpha'', commonly known as honey bush or the duck and drake bush, is a shrub of the genus ''Hakea'' native to a large area in the Mid West, Wheatbelt, Peel, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western ...

'' R.Br. – honey bush, honeybush hakea * ''

Hakea lissosperma ''Hakea lissosperma'', commonly known as needle bush and mountain needlewood, is a species of ''Hakea'' native to parts of south eastern Australia. Description The mountain needlewood is a spreading shrub or small tree commonly with spiny le ...

'' R.Br. – needle bush, mountain needlewood * '' Hakea longiflora'' (

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

)

* '' Hakea loranthifolia''

* ''

Hakea lorea ''Hakea lorea'', commonly known as bootlace oak or cork tree, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae found in central and northern Australia. It has needle-shape leaves, yellow, white or green flowers and hard corky bark. ...

'' ( R.Br.) R.Br. – bootlace oak, cork tree ** ''Hakea lorea'' subsp. ''borealis'' W.R.Barker ** ''Hakea lorea'' ( R.Br.) R.Br. subsp. ''lorea'' * ''

Hakea maconochieana ''Hakea maconochieana'' is a shrub in the family '' Proteacea'' and is endemic to Queensland Australia. It is a rare species with red flowers, needle-like leaves and an upright or spreading shrub. Description ''Hakea maconochieana'' is an uprigh ...

'' Haegi * '' Hakea macraeana''

– willow needlewood, Macrae's hakea * ''

Hakea macrocarpa ''Hakea macrocarpa'', commonly known as flat-leaved hakea, is a species of flowering plant in the family '' Proteaceae'' and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a tree or shrub with furrowed bark, woolly-hairy branchlets, narrowly linear lea ...

A.Cunn. Allan Cunningham (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English botanist and explorer, primarily known for his travels in Australia to collect plants. Early life Cunningham was born in Wimbledon, Surrey, England, the son of Allan Cunnin ...

ex R.Br. – dogwood hakea * '' Hakea macrorrhyncha'' W.R.Barker * '' Hakea marginata'' R.Br. * '' Hakea megadenia''

* ''

Hakea megalosperma ''Hakea megalosperma'', commonly known as Lesueur hakea, is a shrub of the genus ''Hakea'' native to a small area along the west coast in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. It is a small shrub with sweetly fragrant white or pink flowers, ...

– Lesueur hakea * '' Hakea meisneriana''

* ''

Hakea microcarpa ''Hakea microcarpa '', commonly known as small-fruit hakea is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub, often growing in woodlands, heathlands and near swamps in montane areas of east ...

'' R.Br. – small-fruit hakea * '' Hakea minyma''

Maconochie Maconochie was a stew of sliced turnips, carrots, potatoes, onions, haricot beans and beef in a thin broth, named after the Aberdeen Maconochie Company that produced it. It was a widely used food ration for British soldiers in the field during t ...

* '' Hakea mitchellii''

* '' Hakea multilineata''

– grass-leaf hakea * ''

Hakea myrtoides ''Hakea myrtoides'', commonly known as myrtle hakea, is a shrub endemic to the woodlands of the Darling Range near Perth in Western Australia. Description ''Hakea myrtoides'' is a ground hugging shrub which may grow to in height and forms a l ...

– myrtle hakea * '' Hakea neospathulata'' (formerly ''spathulata'') * '' Hakea neurophylla''

– pink-flowered hakea * '' Hakea newbeyana''

* '' Hakea nitida'' R.Br. – frog hakea, shining hakea * ''

Hakea nodosa ''Hakea nodosa'', commonly known as yellow hakea, is a shrub that is endemic to Australia. It usually has golden yellow flowers in profusion and needle-shaped leaves. Description ''Hakea nodosa'' is an erect, sprawling shrub usually growing to ...

'' R.Br. – yellow hakea * '' Hakea obliqua'' R.Br. – needles and corks ** ''Hakea obliqua'' R.Br. subsp. ''obliqua'' ** ''Hakea obliqua'' subsp. ''parviflora''

* '' Hakea obtusa''

* '' Hakea ochroptera'' W.R.Barker * ''

Hakea oldfieldii ''Hakea oldfieldii'' is a shrub of the family ''Proteaceae'' and is endemic to South West region of Western Australia. It has small white or cream-yellow flowers in profusion in spring. Description ''Hakea oldfieldii'' is an open, straggling s ...

* '' Hakea oleifolia'' (

) R.Br. – dungyn, olive-leaf hakea * ''

Hakea oligoneura ''Hakea oligoneura'' is a small rare shrub known from only a few populations south of Perth, Western Australia growing exclusively on coastal limestone ridges. It has cream-white flowers and stiff, thick yellow-greenish leaves. Description A sma ...

'' K.A.Sheph. &

* ''

Hakea orthorrhyncha ''Hakea orthorrhyncha'', commonly known as bird beak hakea, is a shrub which is endemic to the Murchison River area of Western Australia. Description ''Hakea orthorrhyncha'' has a spreading habit, growing to between tall with a similar spread ...

– bird beak hakea ** ''Hakea orthorrhyncha'' var. ''filiformis''

** ''Hakea orthorrhyncha''

var. ''orthorrhyncha'' * '' Hakea pachyphylla'' Sieber ex

Spreng. Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (3 August 1766 – 15 March 1833) was a German botanist and physician who published an influential multivolume history of medicine, ''Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde'' (1792–99 in four vo ...

* '' Hakea pandanicarpa'' R.Br. ** ''Hakea pandanicarpa'' subsp. ''crassifolia'' (

)

** ''Hakea pandanicarpa'' R.Br. subsp. ''pandanicarpa'' * '' Hakea pedunculata''

* ''

Hakea pendens ''Hakea pendens'' is a flowering plant in the family ''Proteaceae'' and endemic to a small area in the Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. It is a small shrub with needle-like leaves and pendulous pink flowers. Description ''Hake ...

* '' Hakea persiehana''

* '' Hakea petiolaris''

– sea-urchin hakea ** ''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''angusta'' Haegi ** ''Hakea petiolaris''

subsp. ''petiolaris'' ** ''Hakea petiolaris'' subsp. ''trichophylla'' Haegi * '' Hakea platysperma''

Hook. Sir William Jackson Hooker (6 July 178512 August 1865) was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew h ...

– cricket ball hakea, woody peach * '' Hakea polyanthema''

Diels Diels is the last name of several people: * Rudolf Diels (1900–1957), German politician * Otto Diels (1876–1954), German scientist noted for his work on the Diels–Alder reaction * Ludwig Diels (1874–1945), German botanist * Hermann Diels ...

* '' Hakea preissii''

– needle tree, needle bush, Christmas hakea * '' Hakea pritzelii''

* '' Hakea propinqua''

* ''

Hakea prostrata ''Hakea prostrata'', commonly known as harsh hakea, is a species of shrub that is endemism, endemic to the Southwest Australia, south-west of Western Australia. It is a low-lying shrub with prickly leaves and groups of white or cream-coloured fl ...

'' R.Br. – harsh hakea * '' Hakea psilorrhyncha''

* '' Hakea pulvinifera''

* '' Hakea purpurea''

* '' Hakea pycnoneura''

* ''

Hakea recurva ''Hakea recurva'', commonly known as jarnockmert, is a flowering shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae and is endemism, endemic to an area in the Mid West (Western Australia), Mid West, northern Wheatbelt (Western Australia), Wheatbelt and ...

– djarnokmurd ** ''Hakea recurva'' subsp. ''arida'' (

) W.R.Barker &

** ''Hakea recurva''

subsp. ''recurva'' * ''

Hakea repullulans ''Hakea repullulans'', commonly known as the furze hakea, is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae found in Victoria and South Australia. Description ''Hakea repullulans'' is an erect shrub growing tall. It resprouts from a lignotuber oft ...

'' H.M.Lee * '' Hakea rhombales''

– walukara * '' Hakea rigida'' C.A.Gardner ex Haegi * ''

Hakea rostrata ''Hakea rostrata'', common name beaked hakea, is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, native to South Australia and Victoria. Description ''Hakea rostrata'' is a spreading shrub growing to 1–4 m high. Its branchlets and young leaves are ...

* ''

Hakea rugosa ''Hakea rugosa'', commonly known as wrinkled hakea or dwarf hakea, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Australia. It has sharp needle-shaped leaves and white or cream fragrant flowers in profusion from August to October. Description ...

'' R.Br. – wrinkled hakea * '' Hakea ruscifolia'' Labill. – candle hakea * ''

'' ( Vent.)

– willow-leaved hakea ** ''Hakea salicifolia'' subsp. ''angustifolia'' ( A.A.Ham.) W.R.Barker ** ''Hakea salicifolia'' ( Vent.)

subsp. ''salicifolia'' * '' Hakea scoparia''

** ''Hakea scoparia''

subsp. ''scoparia'' ** ''Hkea scoparia'' subsp. trycherica'' Haegi * ''

Schrad. Heinrich Adolf Schrader (1 January 1767 in Alfeld near Hildesheim – 22 October 1836 in Göttingen) was a German botanist and mycologist. He studied medicine early in life. He named the Australian plant genus ''Hakea'' in 1797. In 1795 he re ...

J.C.Wendl. Johann Christoph Wendland (July 17, 1755 – July 27, 1828) was a German botanist and gardener born in Petit-Landau, Alsace. Family His son, Heinrich Ludolph Wendland (1791–1869), and his grandson, Hermann Wendland (1825–1903), ...

– needlebush, silky hakea * '' Hakea smilacifolia''

* '' Hakea standleyensis''

* '' Hakea stenocarpa'' R.Br. * '' Hakea stenophylla''

ex R.Br. ** ''Hakea stenophylla'' subsp. ''notialis''

** ''Hakea stenophylla''

ex R.Br. subsp. ''stenophylla'' * '' Hakea strumosa''

* '' Hakea subsulcata''

* '' Hakea sulcata'' R.Br. * '' Hakea tephrosperma'' R.Br. – hooked needlewood * ''

Hakea teretifolia ''Hakea teretifolia'', commonly known as the dagger hakea, is a species of woody shrub of the family Proteaceae and is common on heathlands in coastal eastern Australia from northern New South Wales through to Victoria and Tasmania. A very prick ...

'' (

Salisb. Richard Anthony Salisbury, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (born Richard Anthony Markham; 2 May 1761 – 23 March 1829) was a British botanist. While he carried out valuable work in horticultural and botanical sciences, several bitter disputes ...

)

Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...

– dagger hakea * ''Hakea teretifolia'' subsp. ''hirsuta'' (

Endl. Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher also known as Endlicher István László (24 June 1804, Pressburg, Bratislava (Pozsony) – 28 March 1849, Vienna) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian botanist, numismatist and Sinologist. He was a director of the Botan ...

)

* ''Hakea teretifolia'' (

)

subsp. ''teretifolia'' * ''

Hakea trifurcata ''Hakea trifurcata'', commonly known as two-leaf, two-leaved hakea, or kerosene bush, is a shrub, endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. The species has two leaf forms, needle-like or oblong egg-shaped. Unlike most hakea species the frui ...

'' (

) R.Br. – two-leaf, two-leaved hakea, kerosine bush * '' Hakea trineura''

F.Muell. * '' Hakea tuberculata'' R.Br. * ''

Hakea ulicina ''Hakea ulicina'', commonly known as furze hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae and endemic to Victoria. It has stiff, long, narrow leaves and creamy-white flowers. Description ''Hakea ulicina'' is an erect shrub or small tree growing bet ...

'' R.Br. - furze hakea (W.A.) * '' Hakea undulata'' R.Br. – wavy-leaved hakea * ''

Hakea varia ''Hakea varia'', commonly known as the variable-leaved hakea, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae and is endemism, endemic to Wheatbelt (Western Australia), Wheatbelt, South West (Western Australia), South West, Great Southern (Western Australi ...

'' R.Br. –variable-leaved hakea * ''

Hakea verrucosa ''Hakea verrucosa'' is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae that is endemic to south-west Western Australia. It has large white, deep pink or red pendulous flowers with stiff needle-shaped leaves. Description ''Hakea verrucosa'' is a spre ...

* ''

Hakea victoria ''Hakea victoria'', commonly known as royal hakea and lantern hakea, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia and noted for its ornamental foliage. The Noongar name for the plant is Tallyongut. Description ''Hakea victoria'' has an erect slende ...

J.Drumm. James Drummond (late 1786 or early 1787 – 26 March 1863) was an Australian botanist and naturalist who was an early settler in Western Australia. Early life James Drummond was born in Inverarity, near Forfar, Angus, Scotland, th ...

– lantern hakea, royal hakea * ''

Hakea vittata ''Hakea vittata'', commonly known as the striped hakea, hooked needlewood, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae. Restricted to an area on the Eyre Peninsula and the Gawler Range in South Australia and small areas in eastern Victoria. Descriptio ...

'' R.Br.

References

External links

* *
The ''Hakea'' Page: index

Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants The Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) (ANPSA) is a federation of seven state-based member organisations for people interested in Australia's native flora, both in aspects of conservation and in cultivation. A national conference is h ...

{{Taxonbar, from=Q141826 Proteaceae genera Proteales of Australia Endemic flora of Australia

Description

Taxonomy and naming

Distribution

Horticulture

List of species

References

Further reading

External links