Haile Gerima

Haile Gerima (born March 4, 1946) is an Ethiopian filmmaker who lives and works in the United States. He is a leading member of the L.A. Rebellion film movement, also known as the Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers. His films have received wide international acclaim. Since 1975, Haile has been an influential film professor at Howard University in Washington, D.C. He is best known for ''Sankofa'' (1993), which won numerous international awards.

Early life

Gerima was born and raised in Gondar, Ethiopia. Haile is ethnic Amhara. His father was a dramatist and playwright, who traveled across the Ethiopian countryside staging local plays. He was an important early influence. He has discussed the unconscious effect representations of colonialism in film had on him as a child:

...as kids, we tried to act out the things we had seen in the movies. We used to play cowboys and Indians in the mountains around Gondar...We acted out the roles of these heroes, identifying with the cowboys conquering the Indians. We didn't identify with the Indians at all and we never wanted the Indians to win. Even in Tarzan movies, we would become totally galvanized by the activities of the hero and follow the story from his point of view, completely caught up in the structure of the story. Whenever Africans sneaked up behind Tarzan, we would scream our heads off, trying to warn him that 'they' were coming".

Gerima emigrated to Chicago, United States in 1967 to study theatre. He enrolled in acting classes at the Goodman School of Drama in Chicago. He met Teshome Gabriel in Maine while teaching Amharic to Peace Corps volunteers. As he stated to ''Los Angeles Times'': "When I was growing up, I wanted to work in theater—it never occurred to me I could be a filmmaker because I was raised on Hollywood movies that pacified me to be subservient. Film making isn't encouraged or supported by the Ethiopian government." He felt limited by theater and was resigned, notes Francoise Pfaff, to "subservient roles in Western plays."

In 1970, he moved to California to attend the University of California where he earned Bachelor's and Master's of Fine Arts degrees in film. He was part of a generation of new black filmmakers who became known as the Los Angeles School of Black filmmakers, along with Charles Burnett (''Killer of Sheep''), Jamaa Fanaka (''Penitentiary''), Ben Caldwell (''I and I''), Larry Clark and Julie Dash (''Daughters of the Dust'').

Film career

1970s

By the time Haile graduated in 1976, he had made four films: ''Hour Glass'' (1972); ''Child of Resistance'' (1972); ''Bush Mama'' (1976); and '' Mirt Sost Shi Amit'' (also known as ''Harvest: 3,000 Years''; 1976)

Gerima's 1976 ''Bush Mama'' is the story of Dorothy and her husband T.C., a discharged Vietnam veteran who anticipated a hero's welcome on his return. He is arrested and imprisoned for a crime he did not commit. Theirs is a world of welfare, perennial unemployment, and despair. It addresses issues of institutionalized racism, police brutality, and poverty; themes that remain pertinent today.

For the production of '' Mirt Sost Shi Amit'' (''Harvest: 3,000 Years'') Haile returned to his native Ethiopia. It is an account of a poor peasant family who eke out an existence within a brutal, exploitative, and feudal system of labor.

His film '' Wilmington 10 – U.S.A. 10,000'' (1978) explores racism and the shortcomings of the criminal justice system in the United States by examining the history of the nine black men and one white woman who became known as the Wilmington Ten.

1980s

Gerima met his future wife and a Detroit native, Shirikiana Aina while she was attending at Howard University. They were married during her time at UCLA.

The travails of black urban life in the United States are explored in the two-hour '' Ashes and Embers'' (1982), the story of a moody and disillusioned black veteran of the Vietnam War.Maslin, Janet
"Movie Review: ''Ashes and Embers''"
''New York Times,'' November 17, 1982. Haile discusses his movie ''Ashes and Embers'' in an interview, "presented in collaboration with ARRAY, the rebirth of the African American Film Festival Releasing Movement (AFFRM)" at the Schomburg Center. He states that Hollywood has produced an "Anglo-Saxon dictatorship and culture housed in the mainstream cinema hatdictates." Which he responds "with responsibility he filmmakershave to the language of cinema because heirlanguage, heiraccent has to come into cinema. nAfrican cinema this accent is local Senega, Burkina Faso etc."

Gerima made these films to honor the struggles of his ancestors and to make names known throughout history. Haile's films show the concept of identity and independence. He wanted to use his work as a critical lens for personal growth and creative development.

'' After Winter: Sterling Brown'' (1985) is a documentary about the notable black American poet.

1990s

Gerima is perhaps best known as the writer, producer, and director of ''Sankofa'' (1993). This dramatic tale of African resistance to slavery won international acclaim: awarded first prize at the African Film Festival in Milan, Italy; Best Cinematography at Africa's premier Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO); and nominated for the Golden Bear at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.

The film presents a brutally realistic portrayal of African slavery. The story is revealed through the eyes of Mona, a modern-day woman who is possessed by spirits and transported to the past as Shola, a house slave on the Lafayette plantation in Louisiana. The savagery and violence of the evil institution are clearly disturbing and go far beyond the safe and conventional images of slavery presented by Hollywood. Some critics panned Haile for excess brutality, but the black community responded positively and enthusiastically. The film was well received and played to full houses for many weeks in major cities.

'' Imperfect Journey'' (1994), commissioned by the BBC
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