high-voltage direct-current
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system (also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway) uses direct current (DC) for electric power transmission, in contrast with the more common alternating curren ...
power transmission projects.
HVDC projects for long-distance transmission have two (or rarely, more) converter stations and a transmission line interconnecting them. Generally overhead lines are used for interconnection, but an important class of HVDC projects use
submarine power cable
A submarine power cable is a transmission cable for carrying electric power below the surface of the water.Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and
IGBT
An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily used as an electronic switch, which, as it was developed, came to combine high efficiency and fast switching. It consists of four alternating lay ...
power transistors.
Legend
Line type:
* Thury = Series-connected generators as designed by
2 As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations. 3 Caithness Moray HVDC serves a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map 4 Contracts due to be placed in 2016. 5 Elia says construction expected to start in late 2017.
6 Date is that quoted to support the Shetland Wind Farm that SSE is a part investor in. 7 Decision on project expected in 2017 following consultation - see SSE PD reference.
Western Isles HVDC connection
The Western Isles HVDC connection is a proposed 1.8GW HVDC submarine power cable to connect the Isle of Lewis to the Scottish mainland.
The project promoter, Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks, identifies the link as "one of the ke ...
Eastern HVDC Link
Eastern may refer to:
Transportation
* China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai
*Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways
*Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991
*Eastern Air L ...
# Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
#
Western HVDC Link
The Western HVDC Link is a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) undersea electrical link in the United Kingdom, between Hunterston in Western Scotland and Flintshire Bridge (Connah's Quay) in North Wales, routed to the west of the Isle of Man. It ...
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East–West Interconnector
The East–West Interconnector is a 500MW high-voltage direct current submarine and subsoil power cable which connects the Irish and British electricity markets. The project was developed by the Irish national grid operator EirGrid.
Aim
The ...
: Leinster, Ireland – Shotton, Wales, UK
#
Celtic Interconnector
The Celtic Interconnector is a planned 700 MW high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine power cable between the southern coast of Ireland and the north-west coast of France.
If completed as planned, it will be the first such interconnector be ...
#
FAB Link
FAB Link is a proposed HVDC Interconnector, spanning the between France and Great Britain, running close to the island of Alderney.
As of March 2022, project planning has tentatively re-started after a five-year pause.
Current project status ...
Sellindge
Sellindge is a civil parish and village on the A20 road between Ashford and Folkestone in Kent, South East England. Sellindge is part of North Downs West Ward of Folkestone and Hythe District Council but part of the Elham ward of Kent County ...
BritNed
BritNed is a 1,000MW high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) submarine power cable between the Isle of Grain in Kent, the United Kingdom; and Maasvlakte in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
The BritNed interconnector would serve as a link for the foreseeabl ...
Viking Link
Viking Link is a 1,400 MW HVDC submarine power cable under construction between the United Kingdom and Denmark.
Current status
Land cables and submarine cables are being installed since 2020 and expected to finish in 2023. As of August 2022 Den ...
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HVDC DolWin1
HVDC DolWin1 is a high voltage direct current link built to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the ...
,
HVDC DolWin2
HVDC DolWin2 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in ...
,
HVDC DolWin3
HVDC DolWin3 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link to transmit Offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in ...
#
HVDC SylWin1
HVDC SylWin1 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in th ...
#
HVDC HelWin1
HVDC HelWin1 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link built to transmit Offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platfo ...
,
HVDC HelWin2
The HelWin Beta platform topside.
HVDC HelWin2 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link built to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two conve ...
#
HVDC BorWin1
HVDC BorWin1 is the first HVDC facility in the world to be built for importing power from an offshore wind
Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the generation of electricity through wind farms in bodies of water, usually at sea. ...
,
HVDC BorWin2
HVDC BorWin2 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link built to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland.Hussennether, V., Rittiger, J., Barth, A., Worthington, D., Dell’Anna, G., Rapetti, M., Hühnerbein, B., Sie ...
,
HVDC BorWin3
HVDC BorWin3 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link under construction to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is bui ...
NORD.LINK
NordLink is a subsea 1,400 megawatt (MW) HVDC power cable between Norway and Germany, opened in May 2021. The over long cable operates at a voltage of 500 kV DC.
The cable enables Deutsche Bahn to buy the full production from MÃ ...
SydVästlänken
SydVästlänken ( en, South–West Link) is a project for reinforcement of power grids in Southern Sweden and Oslo area in Norway. The project to be implemented by Swedish and Norwegian national grids operators Svenska kraftnät and Statnett.
A ...
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SwePol
SwePol is a -long monopolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine cable between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn, Sweden, and Bruskowo Wielkie, near Słupsk, Poland. The link was inaugurated in 2000 and can transmit up to 600&nbs ...
: Stärnö, Sweden – WierzbiÄ™cin (SÅ‚upsk), Poland
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LitPol Link
LitPol Link is an electricity link between Poland and Lithuania which connects the Baltic transmission system to the synchronous grid of Continental Europe. It has a capacity of 500 MW and since 2021 it can operate in a synchronous regime.
...
HVDC Visby–Näs
The HVDC Visby–Näs is a bipolar HVDC electric power transmission system between Visby and a wind power centre near Näs on Gotland, Sweden. The project went into service in 1999. The system operates at 80 kV with a maximum power of 50 megawatts ...
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Gotland
Gotland (, ; ''Gutland'' in Gutnish), also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland (), is Sweden's largest island. It is also a province, county, municipality, and diocese. The province includes the islands of Fårö and Gotska Sandön to the ...
: Västervik, Sweden – Ygne, Sweden
# Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden, Fenno-Skan 2
#Ã…L-link
# Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland
# Estlink 2
# Cometa:
Valencia, Spain
Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is also the capital of the province of the same name. The wider urban area also ...
–
Mallorca
Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.
The capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Bal ...
, Spain
# INELFE
#
HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia
The HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia (also called SACOI; Sardinia–Corsica–Italy) is an HVDC interconnection used for the exchange of electric energy between the Italian mainland, Corsica and Sardinia. It is unusual, having more than two conver ...
HVDC Italy-Greece
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system (also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway) uses direct current (DC) for electric power transmission, in contrast with the more common alternating curren ...
: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy
#
EuroAsia Interconnector
The EuroAsia Interconnector is a HVDC interconnector between the Greek, Cypriot, and Israeli power grids via the world's longest submarine power cable ( from Israel to Cyprus and from Cyprus to Greece, for a total of ).
Connecting Kofinou, Cypru ...
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EuroAfrica Interconnector
EuroAfrica Interconnector is a HVDC interconnector and submarine power cable between the Greek, Cypriot, and Egypt power grids.Greenlink
Greenlink is a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine power cable under construction between County Wexford in Ireland and Pembrokeshire in Wales.
Project status
As of May 2022, the project has reached financial close, and construction h ...
Electrode line
An electrode line is used in some high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) power transmission systems, to connect the converter stations to distant ground electrodes. Many long-distance HVDC systems use sea or ground return for the DC neutral current ...
*
European super grid
The European super grid is a possible future super grid that would ultimately interconnect the various European countries and the regions around Europe's borders – including North Africa, Kazakhstan, and Turkey – with a high-voltage ...
HVDC converter station
An HVDC converter station (or simply converter station) is a specialised type of substation which forms the terminal equipment for a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line.Arrillaga, Jos; High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, se ...
Uno Lamm
August Uno Lamm (May 22, 1904 – June 1, 1989) was a Swedish electrical engineer and inventor.
He was sometimes called "The Father of High Voltage Direct Current" power transmission.
During his career, Lamm obtained 150 patents. In 1980 the In ...
*
Valve hall
A valve hall is a building which contains the valves of the static inverters of a high-voltage direct current plant. The valves consist of thyristors, or at older plants, mercury arc rectifiers. Mercury arc rectifiers are usually supported by ...
References
Sources
*{{cite book
, title=HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications Of Static Converters In Power Systems
, author=Vijay K. Sood
, date=31 May 2004
, page=2
, publisher=Springer-Verlag
, isbn=978-1-4020-7890-3