HMS Warwick (D25)

HMS ''Warwick'' (D25) was an Admiralty W-class destroyer built in 1917. She saw service in both the First and Second World Wars, before being torpedoed and sunk in February 1944.

Construction and design

On 9 December 1916, the British Admiralty placed an order for 21 large destroyers based on the V class, which became the Admiralty W class. Of these ships, two, ''Warwick'' and were to be built by the Tyneside shipbuilder Hawthorn Leslie & Company.

''Warwick'' was long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of between and depending on load. Displacement was standard, and up to deep load. Three oil-fed Yarrow boilers raising steam at fed Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines which developed , driving two screws for a maximum designed speed of . The ship carried of oil giving a range of at .

''Warwick''s main gun armament consisted of four 4-inch Mk V QF guns in four single mounts on the ship's centerline. These were disposed as two forward and two aft in superimposed firing positions. A single QF 3-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt anti-aircraft gun was mounted aft of the second funnel. Aft of the 3-inch gun, she carried six 21-inch torpedo tubes mounted in two triple mounts on the center-line. ''Warwick'' was one of 13 V and W-class destroyers converted for minelaying during the First World War, with rails for up to 66 mines fitted.

''Warwick'' was laid down at Leslie's Hebburn shipyard on 10 March 1917. She was launched on 28 December 1917 and completed 18 March 1918. She was the sixth ship with the name ''Warwick'' to be commissioned into the Royal Navy.

Service history

First World War

''Warwick'' commissioned on 21 February 1918, joining the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla, part of the Dover Patrol, seeing action in the last months of the First World War. She took part in the raid on Zeebrugge on the night of 22/23 April, the attempt by the RN to blockade Germany's U-boat force stationed in Flanders, acting as flagship of Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes. ''Warwick'' help to lay smoke screens to cover the assault forces, and then covered the withdrawal of the small craft carrying the survivors of the crews of the block ships. She also participated in the second raid on Ostend on 10 May, again serving as Keyes' flagship. As the force withdrew, ''Warwick'' came alongside the badly damaged Motor Launch ''ML254'', packed with survivors of the blockship and took off the survivors from the blockship and the crew of ''ML 245'', before scuttling the Motor Launch. As ''Warwick'' set a course away from Ostend, she struck a German mine and was heavily damaged, breaking her back, and had to be towed back to Dover by and .

''Warwick'' was present at Scapa Flow in November 1918 when the Grand Fleet received the surrender of the German High Seas Fleet at the end of the war.

Inter-war years

Following the completion of repairs from mine damage, ''Warwick'' recommissioned into the 14th Destroyer Flotilla on 12 January 1919. In March 1919, the Royal Navy's destroyer forces were reorganised, with ''Warwick'' joining the new First Destroyer Flotilla, operating as part of the Atlantic Fleet. From 25 June to 18 August 1919, ''Warwick'' was deployed to the Baltic Sea as part of the British Baltic campaign during the Russian Civil War, and returned again from 7 November to 30 December 1919. In 1921, the destroyer forces of the Royal Navy were again reorganised, changing from flotillas of a leader and 16 destroyers to flotillas of one leader and eight destroyers, as the 17-ship flotillas were too large to easily manage. ''Warwick'' remained part of the new, smaller First Destroyer flotilla. In June 1922, ''Warwick'' carried out patrols on Lough Foyle, between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, stopping a steamer, the ''Cragbue'', on passage from Moville to Londonderry Port, so that police could search the ship and her passengers. On 26 September 1922, as the Chanak Crisis threatened war between Britain and Turkey, the First Destroyer Flotilla, including ''Warwick'', left England for the Mediterranean, arriving at Çanakkale on 4 October, remaining there until March 1923. On 26 June 1924, ''Warwick'' took part in the Fleet Review at Spithead by King George V, leading the First Destroyer Flotilla in the absence of the normal leader .

In January 1926, ''Warwick'' recommissioned into the 5th Destroyer Flotilla. On 6 January 1927, ''Warwick'' along with the destroyers , ''Vancouver'' and , escorted the battlecruiser carrying The Duke and Duchess of York at the start of the Royal couple's tour of Australia and New Zealand. In June–July 1929, the 5th Destroyer Flotilla, including ''Warwick'' accompanied the 2nd Cruiser Squadron on a tour of the Baltic. In November 1930, ''Warwick'' was relieved in the 5th Flotilla by , with Warwick going into reserve at Chatham. In January 1931, ''Warwick'' was ordered to replace in the 6th Destroyer Flotilla, but on 30 March 1931, she re-entered reserve at Sheerness, and underwent a refit during which her boilers were retubed from August 1931 to January 1932. After this refit, ''Warwick'' recommissioned into the 5th Destroyer Flotilla. On 31 January 1934, ''Warwick'' was in collision with the destroyer off Gibraltar, with both ships slightly damaged. In October 1934, ''Warwick'' was replaced in the 5th Flotilla by the newly completed destroyer , and after being refitted at Devonport between 22 October and 9 November that year, went into reserve at Devonport. ''Warwick'' was re-commissioned into the reserve fleet on 14 July 1939.

Second World War

By the time of the Second World War, it was recognised that the V- and W-class destroyers were unsuitable for front-line fleet operations and they were deployed on anti-submarine and convoy escort duties. In September 1939 ''Warwick'' was allocated to the 11th Destroyer Flotilla, based at Devonport and part of Western Approaches Command. On 16 September 1939, ''Warwick'' rescued 11 survivors from the steamer , which had been sunk by the German submarine . In February 1940 she was deployed to the Western Approaches Escort Force for Atlantic convoy defence. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors.

In May 1940, ''Warwick'' was deployed for operations off the Norwegian coast during the Norwegian campaign, before returning to convoy duties based out of Liverpool at the end of the month. On 15–16 June 1940, Warwick and the destroyer reinforced the escort of the convoy US.3, consisting of the troopships , , , , and , carrying 14,000 Australian and New Zealand troops on the last part of the convoy's voyage to Britain. On 30 August 1940, ''Warwick'' stood by the liner after the liner, carrying 321 British children being evacuated to Canada, had been torpedoed by . In November 1940, with the formation of distinct escort groups, she joined 7 EG. On 23 December 1940, ''Warwick'' was mined in the Mersey Channel and badly damaged, having to be beached. Repairs were slow, and she did not leave Liverpool until April 1942.

In May 1942, ''Warwick'' was deployed to the West Indies for operations in the Caribbean, operating from Curaçao and Trinidad until August, and then operated out of New York until December that year.

In December ''Warwick'' returned to Britain. From 26 January to 21 June 1943, she was converted to a long-range escort at Dundee. One of the ship's boilers was removed to allow extra fuel capacity, thus sacrificing speed for endurance and range and extra accommodation. A heavy depth charge armament was fitted, with 96 charges carried, which could be dropped in 14-charge patterns and a Hedgehog anti submarine mortar fitter, with two 4-inch guns removed in compensation. A Type 271 radar was fitted above the ship's bridge.

In July 1943 ''Warwick'' was on anti-submarine duties in the Bay of Biscay, supporting Operation Musketry, the Royal Air Force Coastal Command's Bay offensive. In late September to early November 1943, the destroyer took Operation Alacrity, the establishment and supply of Allied air bases in the Azores which served to close the Mid-Atlantic gap, with ''Warwick'' escorting convoys carrying airmen and supplies to set up the air bases. From 25 November 1943 to 13 January 1944, ''Warwick'' was refitted at a commercial yard in Grimsby.

In January 1944, having returned to Britain, ''Warwick'' was assigned to lead an escort group operating in the Southwest Approaches, guarding against attacks by German S-boats and submarines. On 19 February 1944, ''Warwick'', under the command of Commander Denys Rayner, and the destroyer were ordered from Devonport to hunt a submarine that had been reported near Trevose Head. On 20 February, ''Warwick'' was hit on the stern by a torpedo fired by the German submarine , southwest of Trevose Head. ''Warwick'' sank in minutes, after her after engine room bulkhead collapsed. Sixty-seven of ''Warwick''s crew were killed, with 93 survivors being rescued.

Notes

References

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External links

HMS Warwick at naval-history.net

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warwick
V and W-class destroyers of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Tyne
1917 ships
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in December 1940
Maritime incidents in February 1944
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean