HMS Superieure (1803)

HMS ''Superieure'' was the French privateer ''Supérieure'', which was built in 1801 in Baltimore, Maryland, and which the British captured in 1803 in the West Indies, and took into the Royal Navy. She spent most of her career on the Jamaica and Leeward Islands stations, where she captured numerous privateers. She participated in several notable single-ship actions, including one in which she harassed a frigate, and two campaigns that would, in 1847, earn her surviving crew members the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM). She was laid-up in Britain in 1810 and sold in 1814.

Origins

''Supérieure'' was launched in Talbot County, Maryland, as ''Superior''. Her owners, Robert Charles Boislandry and Felix Imbert, received a temporary registration at the Baltimore Customs House on 7 January 1801. Notations on the record report that ''Superior'' was sold to the French navy while she was anchored at Saint Barthélemy.

Capture

On 2 July 1803, the squadron under Captain Henry William Bayntun captured ''Supérieure'' and ''Poisson Volant''. The actual captor of ''Supérieure'' was .

The Royal Navy purchased ''Supérieure'' on 15 October, and then commissioned her soon after under Lieutenant Edward Crofton. , , , , and ''Vanguard'' all shared in the bounty money for her capture.

British career

Lieutenant William C. Fromow replaced Crofton almost immediately. Fromow was in command on 6 February 1804 when ''Superieure'' captured the French privateer schooner ''Serpent'' after a chase of two hours. ''Serpent'', of 60 tons (bm), was armed with one gun, had a crew of 60 men, and was sailing in ballast. Head money for the crew of ''Serpent'' was finally paid in September 1827.

On 28 February, ''Superieure'' recaptured the British sloop ''Phoenix'', sailing from Bermuda. Before 9 March, ''Superieure'' also destroyed the barge ''Mardigras'', which was armed with two guns and had a crew of 24 "White Men", who were sent to Jamaica.

Fromow and ''Superieure'' captured another French privateer a little over a year later, on 22 October 1804. They encountered a French vessel, which they had to chase for four hours, exchanging fire as they went, before they succeeded in capturing her near Monto Christ. Their quarry was the privateer ''Chasseur'', of five guns and 66 men. She was pilot-boat built and had recently undergone a refit at "Jago" and was "one of the fastest sailing Cruizers out of Guadaloupe". During the chase ''Chasseur'' fired a 12-pounder gun at her pursuers, causing some damage to the rigging and sails on ''Superiuere''. Return fire wounded five men on ''Chasseur'', of whom one died shortly after her capture. ''Chasseur'' had been out only three days and had not captured anything. Head money was paid in December 1828.

''Superieure'' and captured the ''Globe'' on 18 May 1805. A nine-hour chase on 24 July resulted in ''Superieure'' capturing the Spanish privateer felucca ''Santa Maria Magdalena'' (alias ''Son Sorito''). She was armed with one gun and small arms, and had a crew of 30 men under the command of Antonio Amet. She had been out twenty days but had only taken a drogger. Still, Admiral James R. Dacres, commander-in-chief of the Jamaica station, described ''Santa Maria Magdalena'' as having "much annoyed the Trade of the Island of Jamaica."

At some point in 1806 Lieutenant John Balderston replaced Fromow, only to be replaced in turn by Lieutenant Edward Rushworth. Between 1 January 1806 and 1 January 1807, ''Superieure'', captured two Spanish gunboats, each armed with one 32-pounder gun, one having a crew of 40 men and the other a crew of 45 men.

On 5 July, ''Hercule'', ''Surveillante'', , , and ''Superieure'' shared in the capture of the Spanish ship ''Josepha''. Her cargo included 362 "cajes" of quicksilver.

On 25 August Dacres 1806 formed a small squadron under the command of Captain George Le Geyt of the 18-gun ''Stork''. The other three vessels in the squadron were ''Superieure'', the 10 or 12-gun schooner , and the 4-gun schooner . Dacres ordered Le Geyt to bring out or destroy privateers based at Batabano in Cuba.

On 30 August the squadron approached the Isle of Pines. There they sighted a Spanish schooner at anchor. Le Geyt reinforced ''Pike'' with a lieutenant and eight seamen and sent her to engage the Spanish vessel. After a short chase and two broadsides from ''Pike''s 12-pounder carronades, the Spaniard surrendered. She turned out to be a ''guarda costa'' of 10 guns, with a crew of 45 men. ''Pike'' took possession of her and took her back to the squadron.

Le Geyt then discovered that ''Stork'' drew too much water to permit her to enter the Gulf of Batabanó. He therefore transferred to the other three vessels his boats and men and sent in the cutting-out expedition under the command of Rushworth of ''Superieure''.

The landing party consisted of 63 officers and men. Ten men from ''Flying Fish'' remained to guard the party's boats. The party landed on 2 September and crossed some two miles of marshy ground to storm a fort at Batabano. On their way they had to break through an ambush of enemy soldiers and militia. In the process they killed two and wounded one badly. At the fort they captured six 18-pounder long guns, which they spiked. The party then proceeded to take possession of the vessels in the bay. There is some disagreement as to how many vessels they captured and took as prizes, with the total rising as high as 12. According to Rushworth's letter (an after action report), the prizes included a felucca, pierced for 14 guns but only mounting one 18-pounder, a schooner pierced for 12 guns, a French 4-gun privateer, and three Spanish privateers of one gun each. The party also burnt at least six smaller coasting vessels after having removed their cargoes. Total British casualties amounted to one man badly wounded. A later accounting reported that in all cases the crews of the captured vessels escaped. Two days later ''Superieure'' captured the Spanish armed schooner ''San Juan'', of three guns and 320 men, after a slight resistance.

''Superieure'' then sailed to Britain, where she underwent refitting at Plymouth between 16 March and 2 April 1807. Lieutenant John Buller recommissioned her and on 16 April sailed her for the Leeward Islands.

On 17 October 1807 ''Superieure'' encountered the French schooner privateer ''Jopo L'Oeil'' (or ''Tap a l'Oeil'') about 120 leagues east of Barbados. The sanguinary engagement between the two vessels lasted an hour and a quarter, with Buller being killed instantly by a musket ball to the head while attempting to board the privateer early in the fight. Lieutenant John G. Bird took command and continued the fight until the privateer surrendered. She had a crew of 95 men. She was pierced for 14 guns but carried only six 18-pounders plus another one on a traveling carriage. She was 32 days out of Pointe-à-Pitre Guadeloupe and had made no captures. Bird described ''Jopo L'Oeil'' as "a remarkable fine Vessel". In the fight the British lost four men killed, including Buller, and eight men wounded; the French lost five killed and 19 wounded. The brig was in sight during the engagement but was unable to close until after the fight was over. The British took the privateer into service as .

Lieutenant Andrew Hodge replaced Buller in October. At some point (acting) Lieutenant William Robilliard replaced Hodge; Robillard was in command on 22 April 1808. when ''Goree'', under Commander Joseph Spear, engaged the French brigs ''Palinure'' and ''Pilade'' in an inconclusive action. ''Superieur'', which had been anchored some miles away, came to ''Goree''s assistance. The French brigs sailed away, with ''Superieure'' chasing them; ''Goree'' was too damaged in her masts and rigging to continue the engagement. At this point, ''Goree'' had lost one man killed and four wounded. ''Superieure'' and ''Pilade'' maintained a running fight until the French brigs reached the protection of shore batteries at the Saintes. ''Superieure'' then gave up the chase having sustained no casualties and little damage. The frigate and the brig-sloop then arrived, but too late to engage. ''Pilade'' had lost four men killed and six wounded, and ''Palinure'' had lost four men killed and 15 men wounded, among them her captain.

In late 1808 ''Superieure'' captured and brought into Barbados the French schooner ''Polly'', bound to Bourdeaux from Martinique with a valuable cargo.

In January 1809 Lieutenant William Ferrie assumed command of ''Superieure''. She then participated in the campaign that resulted in the invasion of Martinique in February. In 1847 the Admiralty issued the NGSM with clasp "Martinique" to any surviving claimants from the campaign.

On 8 February, ''Superieure'' and were close to the Virgin Islands when they sighted the French frigate , which had left the Saintes four days earlier. The British set off in pursuit, with ''Asp'' falling behind. ''Superieure'', which reportedly had only four 18-pounder carronades mounted, fired some shots, which drew the attention of the British frigate .James (1837), Vol. 5, p. 149-50. The chase continued the next day and into a second night. However, on 10 February, the British frigate , and the brig came on the scene and were able to intercept ''Junon''. ''Junon'' was able to drive off ''Horatio'', inflicting damage and casualties on her. ''Superieure'' was close by, and her fire caused enough damage to ''Junon'''s sails to prevent her escape. Eventually ''Latona'' arrived. Surrounded by ''Horatio'', ''Latona'', ''Driver'', and ''Superieure'', ''Junon'' surrendered. Although there were seven men killed aboard ''Horatio'', and 32 wounded on ''Horatio'', ''Latona'', and ''Driver'', ''Superieure'' sustained no casualties. The French lost 130 men killed and wounded, including the captain of ''Junon'', who died the next day.

The British took ''Junon'' into service under her existing name. ''Junon'' was carrying some sugar and cargo, which resulted in prize money (over and above that for the vessel itself) for all five British captors (i.e., including ''Asp''). In 1847, the Admiralty awarded the NGSM with clasps "Horatio 10 Feby. 1809" and "Superieure 10 Feby. 1809" to 13 surviving claimants from ''Horatio'' and one from ''Superieure''. Then, ''Superieure'' was present at the capture of the Saintes in April.

Lieutenant Humphrey Fleming Senhouse replaced Ferrie. Senhouse received a promotion to Commander on 2 June 1809, and in turn was replaced by Lieutenant Henry Conyngham Coxen (or Coxon).

Coxen was promoted to Commander on 10 October 1809, but remained in command of ''Superieure''. Subsequently, ''Superieure'', under Coxen, was also at the Invasion of Guadeloupe in February 1810. In 1847, this campaign earned surviving claimants from her crew the clasp "Guadaloupe". Between 14 and 17 February, ''Superieure'' was at the invasion of Sint Maarten. After the island capitulated ''Superieure'' evacuated the inhabitants of the French Quarter.

Coxen's replacement was Lieutenant Robert Russel (acting).

Fate

''Superieure'' arrived at Deptford on 24 August; she then was laid-up in ordinary. The Admiralty put her up for sale on 16 March 1814, and she was sold on that day for £440 to John Small Sedger.Winfield (2008), p.364.

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References
*Footner, Geoffrey M. (1998) ''Tidewater Triumph: The Development and Worldwide Success of the Chesapeake Bay Pilot Schooner''. (Naval Institute Press).
*
*O’Byrne, William R. (1849) A naval biographical dictionary: comprising the life and services of every living officer in Her Majesty's navy, from the rank of admiral of the fleet to that of lieutenant, inclusive. (London: J. Murray), vol. 1.
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Superieure (1803)
1801 ships
Schooners of the Royal Navy
Privateer ships of France
Captured ships
Ships built in Baltimore