HMS Sappho (1806)

HMS ''Sappho'' was a Cruizer class brig-sloop built by Jabez Bailey at Ipswich and launched in 1806. She defeated the Danish brig ''Admiral Yawl'' in a single-ship action during the Gunboat War, and then had a notably successful two months of prize-taking in the first year of the War of 1812. She was wrecked in 1825 off the Canadian coast and then broken up in 1830.

Gunboat War

''Sappho'' was commissioned in February 1807 under Commander George Langford. On 7 September she was present at the Battle of Copenhagen.

On 8 January 1808 ''Sappho'' and the Revenue Service brig ''Royal George'', Captain Curry, chased a lugger that surrendered to ''Royal George''. The lugger was ''Eglée'', M. Olivier, of 16 guns (3 and 4-pounders), with a crew of 56 men. She was nine days out of Dunkirk also joined the chase and later shared in the prize money.

The same four British vessels shared in the capture of the privateer ''Trente et Quarante'', of 16 guns and 62 men, though the actual captor was ''Ringdove''. ''Trente et Quarante'' was a lugger letter of marque, carrying sixteen 6 and 9 pounder guns, of which 14 were mounted. Her complement was 66 men, of whom 65 were on board, under the command of M. Fanqueux. She was only three months old, was 16 days out of Dunkirk, and had made no captures. Captain Farquar of ''Ariadne'' wrote the letters reporting the capture of ''Eglé'' and ''Trente et Quarante'', and recommended that the Admiralty purchase the latter.

''Sappho'' was cruising in the North Sea and on the morning of 2 March she was sailing east off Scarborough, when she discovered an armed brig that was steering a course as if intending to cut off several merchant vessels to leeward. ''Sappho'' gave chase and at about 1330 hours fired a shot over the brig, which was flying British colours. The brig then fired a broadside at ''Sappho'' and exchanged Danish colours for the British colours she been flying to evade scrutiny. Langford immediately bore down and brought what turned out to be '' Admiral Yawl'' (or ''Admiral Juul'', or ''Admiral Yorol'') to close action. The engagement lasted about half an hour before ''Admiral Yawl'' struck her colours. In the exchange of fire, ''Sappho'' had one man wounded and one man injured. ''Admiral Yawl'' had two dead: her second officer and a seaman.''The Gentleman's magazine'', (March 1808) Volume 98, Part 1, p.249. As a result of the action Langford received promotion to Post-captain, and in 1847 all then surviving officers and crew were qualified to receive the Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Sappho 2 March 1808".

''Sappho'' carried sixteen 32-pounder carronades and two 6-pounder guns, manned by a crew of 120 men and boys. ''Admiral Yawl'' was a brig, but unusual in that she had her armament on two decks; on her first or lower deck she had twelve 18-pounder carronades and on her second, or principal deck, she carried sixteen 6-pounder guns. Her crew consisted of 83 men and boys. The weight of the broadsides favored ''Sappho'' at 262 pounds versus 156 pounds for ''Admiral Yawl'', as did the relative size of the crews.

The Danish captain was the colourful and erratic adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen, who in 1801 had been a member of the crew, and perhaps second in command, of '' Lady Nelson''. On ''Lady Nelson'' he participated in at least one voyage of exploration along the coast of Australia. In his autobiography he states that his father joined seven other merchants from Copenhagen jointly to purchase ''Admiral Yawl'' and present it to the Crown in a spirit of reprisal against the British after the Battle of Copenhagen (1807). s:The Convict King ''The Convict King''. The Government commissioned, manned, and armed ''Admiral Yawl''. Jorgenson reports that by cutting through the ice a month before it was expected that any vessel could get out, he was able to come unawares among the English traders and capture eight or nine ships before ''Sappho'' interrupted his cruise.

In April Commander William Charleton replaced Langford. Charleton then sailed ''Sappho'' for Jamaica on 22 June. In 1810 Commander Thomas Graves took command, followed by Commander Edmund Denman in late 1810. Commander Hayes O'Grady had been appointed to command of her on 15 June 1810, but apparently did not take actual command until 1811.

War of 1812

On 13 May 1812, ''Sappho'' fired on U.S. Navy Gunboat No. 168. This occurred about a month before the declaration of war. ''Sappho'' had intervened to enable the merchant vessel ''Fernando'' (or ''Fernandeno''), to escape the port of Fernandina, Florida's Port of Fernandina. With the approval of President James Madison and Georgia Governor George Mathews, insurgents known as the "Patriots of Amelia Island" had seized the island. After raising a Patriot flag, they replaced it with the flag of the United States. American gunboats under the command of Commodore Hugh Campbell, maintained control of the island in an attempt to secure East Florida to prevent a Spanish-English alliance in the area in advance of the war.

In late 1812 ''Sappho'' took some nine prizes:

*21 August - "American droits" ''Correa de la Havanah''.
*31 August - ''Santa Maria'', bound to Malanzas, laden with provisions.
*8 September - ''General Apodaca'', bound for Philadelphia with a cargo of sugar, etc.
*15 September - ''Alexander'' (or ''Alejandro''), bound to Havana, laden with flour.
*26 September - Schooner ''Josepha'', from Baltimore to Havana; together with ''Rattler''.
*27 September - Sloop ''Molly'' (or ''Polly'') from Philadelphia to Havana; together with ''Rattler''.
*11 October - Schooner ''Blanche'', recaptured, with cargo of dry goods. Another account gives the date as 21 October.
*13 November - Schooner ''Flora'' from San Domingo to Turk's Island.
*26 November - Schooner '' Mary'' from Santiago to Alexandria, Virginia. ''Sappho'' brought ''Mary'' into Jamaica two days later.

''Sappho'' also sent into Nassau ''Josefe'', Veya, master. A Spanish vessel suspected of carrying American goods.

On 20 June 1813, the US schooner chased a British 14-gun privateer for three hours when an 18-gun British brig, which the ''Carolina's'' captain believed to be ''Sappho'', approached. The two British vessels then set off in pursuit of the American schooner, which, however, after a chase of just over two hours, outdistanced them. The next day ''Carolina'' encountered the same British brig again, and again was able to escape.

On 17 July ''Sappho'' recaptured ''Eliza''. Three days earlier, the American privateer ''Saucy Jack'', of seven guns and 110 men, had captured ''Eliza'', Lane, master, and ''Sisters'', Butterfield, master, near the Tortugas as they were sailing from Bermuda to Jamaica. ''Sappho'' took ''Eliza'' into Jamaica.

Next, ''Sappho'' recaptured the brig ''San Francisco Xavier'' on 3 December. A Carthaginian privateer had captured ''San Francisco'' off Baracoa as she was sailing from Teneriffe and Puerto Rico to Havana. ''Sappho'' took ''San Francisco'' into Jamaica. Two days later ''Sappho'' captured a Carthagenian privateer.

On 1 January 1814 ''Sappho'' captured ''Ann''.

On 7 June 1814, O'Grady advanced to Post-captain while with ''Sappho'' on the Jamaica station.

Post-war

''Sappho'' underwent repairs at Chatham in 1815. However, she was not fitted for sea until February to May 1818. On 2 February 1818 she was recommissioned under Commander James Hanway Plumridge, for Cork. He commanded her at Saint Helena and the Irish station.

On 13 August 1820 ''Sappho'' and Plumridge captured the American vessel ''Liberty'', and the next day they captured the American vessel ''Clinton'', both smugglers. On 12 October ''Sappho'' captured the American smuggling schooner ''Maria''. One of the three vessels had 400 bales of tobacco.

Commander Henry John Rous took command in November 1820. In early 1821 ''Sappho'' sailed to Cape Town via Lisbon. In Lisbon she took on six survivors from , which had burnt in the North Atlantic while carrying emigrants from Scotland to South Africa.

Commander William Bruce replaced Rous in March 1822.

In February 1822 she was under Commander Jenkin Jones for the Halifax station. Still, on 16 November 1823 ''Sappho'' picked up some spirits at sea. For this the Board of Customs granted a reward to her officers and men.

In April 1824 Commander William Hotham took command. His replacement in April 1825 was Captain W. Canning.

On 14 September ''Sappho'' arrived at Halifax in some distress. She had lost the head of her foremast and foretop-mast on 26 August on her passage to Bermuda from Portsmouth. Falling spars had killed one man and wounded four others. Then ''Sappho'' struck on the Sisters Rocks in coming into the harbour. The weather was moderate so she was soon off again.
The Ship List

Loss

Although ''Sappho'' had been refloated, a survey resulted in her being condemned as unseaworthy and so on 16 November she was paid off. On 20 November her officers boarded . She left the next day and arrived at Plymouth on 14 December. The Admiralty finally ordered her broken up in 1828, which order was executed in July 1830.

Notes

Citations

References

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*Robinson, G.G. & J. (1808) ''The New annual register, or General repository of history, politics, and literature, for the year ...''. (G. Robinson: Paternoster Row, London, England).
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sappho (1806)
Maritime incidents in August 1825
Maritime incidents in September 1825
1806 ships
War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom
Cruizer-class brig-sloops