HMS Perseverance (1781)

HMS ''Perseverance'' was a 36-gun ''Perseverance''-class frigate of the British Royal Navy. She served on the North American station until 1787, after which she returned to England, where she was refitted at Portsmouth. In 1789 ''Perseverance'' was sent to the East Indies; she returned to Portsmouth in 1793, when she was laid up before finishing her career there as a receiving ship. She was sold and broken up in May 1823.

Background

Britain's early preference for smaller warships was dictated by its need to maintain a large navy at a reasonable cost. By the latter half of the 1770s, however, Britain was facing a war with France, Spain and the United States of America, and found herself in need of a more powerful type of frigate.Winfield (2008) p.137

In 1778, the Navy Board ordered the first of two new types of frigate, the 38-gun ''Minerva''-class, designed by Edward Hunt, and the 36-gun ''Flora''-class, designed by John Williams. Both had a main battery of 18-pounder guns. Shortly after, in 1779, Hunt was asked to design a 36-gun frigate as a comparison to William's ''Flora''-class.Winfield (2007) p.208 The result was the ''Perseverance'' class and HMS ''Perseverance'', was the first of these fifth rates, ordered for the Royal Navy on 3 December 1779. It was followed by ''Phoenix'' in June 1781, ''Inconstant'' in December and ''Leda'' in March 1782.

Construction

''Perseverance'' was built at Rotherhithe by John Randall and Co and was along the gun deck, at the keel, and had a beam of . With a depth in the hold of , she was 871 ( bm). The keel was laid down in August 1780, and she was launched in April the following year, when she was taken to Deptford to be fitted out and sheathed in copper. Her initial build cost £11,544.15.2d, at the time, plus a further £9,743.1.11d for fitting.

Designed to take a complement of 260 men, her armament consisted of a 26-gun main battery of 18-pounders with eight 9-pound guns and four 18-pound carronades on the quarter deck. The fo'c'sle carried two 9-pounders, four 18-pound carronades and fourteen -pound swivel guns. The swivels and carronades were not part of Hunt's design and were added to it a couple of months before the ship was ordered. Hunt also intended 6-pound guns for the quarter deck and fo'c'sle, but these were upgraded to 9-pounders in April 1780.

Career

''Perseverance'' was first commissioned in March 1781 under Skeffington Lutwidge who had recently arrived in Britain with American prisoners of war. Lutwidge returned to the North American station with ''Perseverance'', re-capturing the 20-gun on 29 July during his voyage across the Atlantic. Over the following two years ''Perseverance'' captured a number of American privateers including the ''General Green'' on 30 August 1781, the ''Raven'' on 1 April 1782 and the ''Diana'' on 29 August 1782. She also captured the French naval cutter ''Alerte'', under Gallien de Chabons, on 28 November 1781. ''Perseverance'' was paid off in September 1783. She was briefly recommissioned in November 1787, serving less than two months under William Young. In December she was taken to Portsmouth, where she spent the next 12 months undergoing a refit at a cost of £2,096. Issac Smith took command in October and in February 1787 took her to the East Indies, where she later took part in the Battle of Tellicherry. Francis Austen, brother of Jane, served as a midshipman aboard the ''Perseverance'' between 1787 and 1789.

In November 1791, ''Perseverance'' was anchored under the guns of the Tellicherry Fort with the 38-gun ''Minerva'' and the 36-gun ''Phoenix'', while the East India Company was carrying out operations against Tipoo Sahib. The British suspected that the French were aiding the Sultan and had positioned a squadron between Mangalore and Mahé to intercept shipping and search it for contraband of war.James p.118 When the French frigate, ''Résolue'', was spotted in the company of two merchant vessels, ''Perseverance'' and ''Phoenix'' were sent to investigate. ''Résolue'' refused to heave to and began firing at the British frigates which responded in kind and after about twenty minutes, ''Résolue'' was forced to strike. Having searched the ''Résolue'' and found everything to be above board, the British would have returned to their ships and left, but the French captain refused to continue in his vessel and insisted on it being treated as a prize of war. Britain was not at war with France, however, so the merchant vessels were allowed to continue, and the British towed ''Résolue'' to Mahé, where she was left at anchor with her topmasts struck. The French commodore at Mahé was furious and complained bitterly, both to the British commodore, William Cornwallis, and his own superiors in Paris. The altercation could well have escalated into a diplomatic row but with France in the throes of a revolution, the incident was not taken much notice of.James p.119Brenton p.210

Fate

''Perseverance'' was paid off after the conclusion of the war in September 1793 and was laid up in ordinary at Portsmouth. Serving as a receiving ship between 1800 and 1822. She was sold for £2,530 and broken up on 21 May 1823.

Citations

References

*
*
*
*Winfield, Rif (2007).''British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates.'' Seaforth Publishing. .
*Winfield, Rif (2008).''British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates.'' Seaforth Publishing. .

External links

*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perseverance
Fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy
1781 ships
Perseverance-class frigates