HMS ''Caroline'' was a 36-gun

fifth-rate In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six " ratings" based on size and firepower. Rating The rating system in the Royal N ...

frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...

of the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...

. She was designed by

Sir John Henslow Sir John Henslow (9 October 1730 – 22 September 1815) was Surveyor to the Navy (Royal Navy) a post he held jointly or solely from 1784 to 1806. Career He was 7th child of John Henslow a master carpenter in the dockyard at Woolwich

and launched in 1795 at

Rotherhithe Rotherhithe () is a district of south-east London, England, and part of the London Borough of Southwark. It is on a peninsula on the south bank of the Thames, facing Wapping, Shadwell and Limehouse on the north bank, as well as the Isle of Dogs ...

by John Randall. ''Caroline'' was a lengthened copy of with improved speed but more instability. The frigate was commissioned in July 1795 under Captain William Luke to serve in the

North Sea Fleet The Northern Theater Command Navy (), or the North Sea Fleet (NSF; ) is one of the three fleets of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, under the Northern Theater Command. In September 1950 the Qingdao Army Base was redesignated as a naval ...

of Admiral Adam Duncan. ''Caroline'' spent less than a year in the North Sea before being transferred to the Lisbon Station. Here she was tasked to hunt down or interdict French shipping while protecting British merchant ships, with service taking her from off

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

to Cadiz and into the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...

. In 1799 the ship assisted in the tracking of the French fleet of Admiral

Étienne Eustache Bruix Étienne Eustache Bruix ( Fort-Dauphin, Saint-Domingue, 17 July 1759 – Paris, 18 March 1805) was a French Navy officer and admiral, and Minister of the Navy. Life Bruix was born to a family from Béarn. He started sailing as a volunteer on ...

, and in 1800 she participated in the

blockade A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force. A blockade differs from an embargo or sanction, which are le ...

of Cadiz. In 1803 ''Caroline'' brought the news of the declaration of

war War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...

with France to the

East Indies The East Indies (or simply the Indies), is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies refers to various lands in the East or the Eastern hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around t ...

where she would stay for the rest of her service. The ship's main role in the Indies was attacking the possessions of the French and their allies and as such she participated in a number of important events, including the

Java campaign of 1806–1807 The Java campaign of 1806–1807 was a minor campaign during the Napoleonic Wars by British Royal Navy forces against a naval squadron of the Kingdom of Holland, a client state of the French Empire, based on the island of Java in the Dutch East ...

in which she fought the

action of 18 October 1806 The action of 18 October 1806 was a minor naval engagement during the Napoleonic Wars, fought between the British Royal Navy frigate HMS ''Caroline'' and a Dutch squadron at the entrance to Batavia harbour on Java in the Dutch East Indies. Du ...

. The frigate also played an active role in the

Persian Gulf campaign of 1809 The Persian Gulf Campaign, in 1809, was an operation by the British East India Company backed by the Royal Navy to force the Al Qasimi to cease their raids on British ships in the Persian Gulf, particularly on the Persian and Arab coasts o ...

, the

invasion of the Spice Islands The invasion of the Spice Islands was a military invasion by British forces that took place between February to August 1810 on and around the Dutch owned Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) also known as the Spice Islands in the Dutch East Indies during ...

where her crew were instrumental in capturing

Banda Neira Banda Neira (also known as Pulau Neira) is an island in the Banda Islands, Indonesia. It is administered as part of the administrative Banda Islands District (''Kecamatan Kepulauan Banda'') within the Central Maluku Regency in the province of ...

, and the invasion of Java in 1811. After this ''Caroline'' returned home to be

paid off Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to placing a warship in ...

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most dens ...

where she was hulked. Her last, and most successful, commander was Captain Sir Christopher Cole. ''Caroline'' was

broken up Ship-breaking (also known as ship recycling, ship demolition, ship dismantling, or ship cracking) is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships for either a source of parts, which can be sold for re-use, or for the extraction ...

Deptford Deptford is an area on the south bank of the River Thames in southeast London, within the London Borough of Lewisham. It is named after a ford of the River Ravensbourne. From the mid 16th century to the late 19th it was home to Deptford Dock ...

in 1815.

Construction

''Caroline'' was a 36-gun, 18-pounder

. Her class was designed as a lengthened version of the frigate . This was an attempt by the

Admiralty Admiralty most often refers to: *Admiralty, Hong Kong * Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964 *The rank of admiral * Admiralty law Admiralty can also refer to: Buildings *Admiralty, Tr ...

at the beginning of the

French Revolutionary War The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Ki ...

to increase the speed and general performance of their frigates. The new ships were given wider

gun port A gunport is an opening in the side of the hull of a ship, above the waterline, which allows the muzzle of artillery pieces mounted on the gun deck to fire outside. The origin of this technology is not precisely known, but can be traced back to ...

spacings than on ''Inconstant'' in an attempt to increase spacing between the guns themselves, which resulted in guns having to be placed on the extreme ends of the ships. This in turn meant that the class was known to pitch heavily. The ships were thought to be slightly faster than previous designs of Henslow, being capable of reaching , but bought this speed with decreased stability. Similar to other ships designed in the 1790s, ''Caroline'' had solid barricades on the

quarterdeck The quarterdeck is a raised deck behind the main mast of a sailing ship. Traditionally it was where the captain commanded his vessel and where the ship's colours were kept. This led to its use as the main ceremonial and reception area on bo ...

and

forecastle The forecastle ( ; contracted as fo'c'sle or fo'c's'le) is the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters. Related to the latter meaning is the phrase " be ...

to increase protection to the crew and provide extra space for guns. The ship had originally been planned to hold 6-pound guns in these new positions, but on 16 March 1795 before the ship had been launched, the 6-pounders were upgraded to 9-pounders and her ten 32-pound

carronade A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century. Its main func ...

s were also added to the design. ''Caroline'' was ordered to be built at

by John Randall & Co. on 24 May 1794. She was

laid down Laying the keel or laying down is the formal recognition of the start of a ship's construction. It is often marked with a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the shipbuilding company and the ultimate owners of the ship. Keel laying is one o ...

in June of the same year and launched on 17 June 1795 with the following dimensions: along the

gun deck The term gun deck used to refer to a deck aboard a ship that was primarily used for the mounting of cannon to be fired in broadsides. The term is generally applied to decks enclosed under a roof; smaller and unrated vessels carried their guns o ...

, at the

keel The keel is the bottom-most longitudinal structural element on a vessel. On some sailboats, it may have a hydrodynamic and counterbalancing purpose, as well. As the laying down of the keel is the initial step in the construction of a ship, in Br ...

, with a

beam Beam may refer to: Streams of particles or energy *Light beam, or beam of light, a directional projection of light energy **Laser beam *Particle beam, a stream of charged or neutral particles **Charged particle beam, a spatially localized grou ...

of and a depth in the

hold Hold may refer to: Physical spaces * Hold (ship), interior cargo space * Baggage hold, cargo space on an airplane * Stronghold, a castle or other fortified place Arts, entertainment, and media * Hold (musical term), a pause, also called a Fermat ...

of . She measured 924

tons burthen Builder's Old Measurement (BOM, bm, OM, and o.m.) is the method used in England from approximately 1650 to 1849 for calculating the cargo capacity of a ship. It is a volumetric measurement of cubic capacity. It estimated the tonnage of a ship bas ...

. The

fitting out Fitting out, or outfitting, is the process in shipbuilding that follows the float-out/launching of a vessel and precedes sea trials. It is the period when all the remaining construction of the ship is completed and readied for delivery to her o ...

process for ''Caroline'' was completed at

on 25 September. The design and armament of the ship were not considerably altered after her launch or during service, with the only major change being the addition of two 6-pounders on 4 March 1805. As such she sailed throughout her career with twenty-six 18-pounders on her gundeck, eight 9-pounders and six 32-pound carronades on her quarterdeck, and two 9-pounders and four 32-pound carronades on her forecastle. Other ships of her class such as and received armament overhauls in 1812 and 1813, but by this point ''Caroline'' had already been hulked.

Service

Lisbon Station

1795–1797

''Caroline'' was commissioned by Captain William Luke in July 1795 to serve in the

French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Ki ...

, beginning her career in the

of Admiral Adam Duncan. The frigate served in close contact with Duncan, being able to react quickly to his orders and split off from the fleet where necessary. On 1 December the frigate took the 14-gun

brig A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the ...

''Le Pandore'' off the

Texel Texel (; Texels dialect: ) is a municipality and an island with a population of 13,643 in North Holland, Netherlands. It is the largest and most populated island of the West Frisian Islands in the Wadden Sea. The island is situated north of De ...

after a chase of one hour, however ''Le Pandore''s companion, the 12-gun brig ''Le Septnie'', escaped while the crew of ''Le Pandore'' were being removed. After this ''Caroline'' transferred to the Lisbon Station, tasked with patrolling from

Cape Finisterre Cape Finisterre (, also ; gl, Cabo Fisterra, italic=no ; es, Cabo Finisterre, italic=no ) is a rock-bound peninsula on the west coast of Galicia, Spain. In Roman times it was believed to be an end of the known world. The name Finisterre, like ...

to the southern border of Spain and Portugal, where she took an 18-gun

corvette A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper (or " rated") warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the slo ...

in April 1796, and the 10-gun

privateer A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign or deleg ...

polacre A polacca (or ''polacre'') is a type of seventeenth- to nineteenth-century sailing vessel, similar to the xebec. The name is the feminine of "Polish" in the Italian language. The polacca was frequently seen in the Mediterranean. It had two or th ...

''La Zenodene'' off

Cape Palos Cape Palos ( es, Cabo de Palos) is a cape in the Spanish municipality of Cartagena, in the region of Murcia. It is part of a small range of volcanic mounts that form a small peninsula. The Mediterranean islands of Grosa and the group known as t ...

on 23 May. Soon after this on 11 August the frigate sailed briefly for the

. There the frigate captured the French privateer ''Rochellaire'' on 20 August alongside the

ships-of-the-line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colum ...

and , the frigate , and the

sloop A sloop is a sailboat with a single mast typically having only one headsail in front of the mast and one mainsail aft of (behind) the mast. Such an arrangement is called a fore-and-aft rig, and can be rigged as a Bermuda rig with triangular sa ...

. Sailing with the ship-of-the-line and the frigates ''Alcmene'' and , she then captured the Spanish merchant ''Adriana'' on 5 November. Activity continued into 1797, with the Spanish brig ''San Joseph'' being captured by ''Caroline'' and the frigate on 16 February and another Spanish brig, ''San Luis'', taken by ''Caroline'' on 5 July. In September she sailed to the

Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope ( af, Kaap die Goeie Hoop ) ;''Kaap'' in isolation: pt, Cabo da Boa Esperança is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is t ...

with Colonel Arthur Wellesley on board as he went to join his regiment in India.

1798–1799

The frigate continued throughout this period to serve on the Lisbon Station while also spending considerable time around Cadiz and the edges of the Mediterranean while assigned to Admiral Lord St Vincent's fleet. As part of such, in 1798, she shared in the proceeds of the capture of the merchants ''Umbarca Souda'', on 18 February, ''Constanza'', on 26 April, and ''Strella de Mare'', on 9 May, and the Spanish privateer ''El Carmen'' on 27 February. Between 19 March and 26 April ''Caroline'' also captured the French privateers ''Le Francois'', ''Le Fortune'', and ''Le Vainqueur''. The ship recaptured the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...

ship on 29 June, after she had been taken by the French privateer ''Mercure'' on 17 June. ''Caroline'' continued to share in the fleet's merchant captures, with ''Il Terrice'' on 21 July and ''Virgin d'Idra'' on 18 September. While patrolling off the

Savage Islands The Savage Islands or Selvagens Islands ( pt, Ilhas Selvagens ; also known as the Salvage Islands) are a small Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Madeira, and north of the Canary Islands.

with the frigate on 4 October, ''Caroline'' took the privateer ''Le President Parker''. Earlier in the day the frigate had retaken the merchant ship ''Bird'' of Liverpool, on her way to Africa, which had been taken by ''Le President Parker'' on 27 September. This began a small string of successes for ''Caroline'', with her boats destroying the 1-gun privateer ''L'Esperance'' at

Tenerife Tenerife (; ; formerly spelled ''Teneriffe'') is the largest and most populous island of the Canary Islands. It is home to 43% of the total population of the archipelago. With a land area of and a population of 978,100 inhabitants as of Janu ...

on 16 October and four days later taking the 10-gun privateer ''Le Baret'' at the same location, again with ''Flora''. The ship also shared in the capture of the merchants ''Nostra Senora de Misericordia'' and ''San Joseph'' on 20 October. In November command of the ship briefly transferred to Captain

Lord Henry Paulet Lord Henry Paulet KCB (31 March 1767 – 28 January 1832) was an officer in the Royal Navy who saw service in the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Born into the British nobility as a younger son of ...

. On 21 November ''Caroline'' and ''Flora'' took the Spanish merchant ''El Bolante'' off

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

, and then on 23 November the 10-gun French privateer ''La Garonne''. In December Paulet was replaced by Captain William Bowen; ''Caroline'' took the 12-gun privateer brig ''Le Ferailleur'' on 4 December by tricking her into believing the frigate and two small prizes with her were a merchant convoy. ''Caroline'' continued on station off Lisbon throughout 1799 as well. On 27 January the frigate recaptured the British letter of marque ''Jane'' which she had been chasing since ''Jane''s captor, the privateer ''L'Intrepide'', had been taken and disclosed her location on 25 January. In the same month ''Drie Vrienden Hoy'' and the brig ''Nymph'' were also recaptured. With continuing success, ''Caroline'' and ''Flora'' retook ''Six Sisters'', which had been captured by a French privateer, in early February and captured the French privateers ''L'Aventure'' on 14 February and ''La Legere'' on 19 April. On 24 June the frigate followed and reported the position of Admiral

's escaped French fleet to Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Cotton, assisting Cotton in his hunt for Bruix that saw him chase the French from

Brest Brest may refer to: Places *Brest, Belarus **Brest Region **Brest Airport **Brest Fortress *Brest, Kyustendil Province, Bulgaria *Břest, Czech Republic *Brest, France **Arrondissement of Brest **Brest Bretagne Airport ** Château de Brest *Brest, ...

to the Mediterranean. On 31 August ''Caroline'' took the privateer ''La Resolve'' and then on 26 December ''El Fleche'' and ''La Voiture''.

1800–1801

On 15 January 1800 ''Caroline'' took the 22-gun privateer ''Vulture'' at . ''Caroline'' sighted ''Vulture'' west of Lisbon chasing the merchant brig ''Flora''; ''Vulture'' attempted to escape and threw two of her guns overboard to increase her speed, but in the evening ''Caroline'' captured her without a shot being fired. The frigate then took the Danish merchant ''Young Johannes'', laden with wine, on 8 April. In late 1800 ''Caroline'' began to serve in Rear-Admiral

Sir James Saumarez Admiral of the Red James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez (or Sausmarez), GCB (11 March 1757 – 9 October 1836) was an admiral of the British Royal Navy, known for his victory at the Second Battle of Algeciras. Early life Saumarez was born ...

's Cadiz

squadron. ''Caroline'' often patrolled with the brig HMS ''Salamine'', together taking on

Christmas Day Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, ...

the French brig ''Good Friends'', which was laden with cannon and mortars, and the French 4-gun

xebec A xebec ( or ), also spelled zebec, was a Mediterranean sailing ship that was used mostly for trading. Xebecs had a long overhanging bowsprit and aft-set mizzen mast. The term can also refer to a small, fast vessel of the sixteenth to nineteenth ...

privateer ''Le Regulus'' laden with

arms Arms or ARMS may refer to: *Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to: People * Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader Coat of arms or weapons *Armaments or weapons **Fi ...

on 21 January 1801. Continuing a busy start to the year, ''Caroline'' and the brig detained the Swedish brig ''Active'' on 1 February as she travelled to Leghorn. The frigate continued off Cadiz throughout 1801, forming part of the bolstered squadron there in August, retaking the merchantman ''Prince of Wales'' on 5 October, and going into

from there on 1 December.

Initial East Indies service

1802–1803

At the start of 1802 ''Caroline'' shared in the capture of the merchant ''Tito'' with much of the squadron. On 10 February the frigate returned from Cadiz to be

at Portsmouth. She was

refit Refitting or refit of boats and marine vessels includes repairing, fixing, restoring, renewing, mending, and renovating an old vessel. Refitting has become one of the most important activities inside a shipyard. It offers a variety of services for ...

ted at

Woolwich Woolwich () is a district in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throu ...

between March 1802 and February 1803, being recommissioned on 9 November 1802, shortly before the

Peace of Amiens The Treaty of Amiens (french: la paix d'Amiens, ) temporarily ended hostilities between France and the United Kingdom at the end of the War of the Second Coalition. It marked the end of the French Revolutionary Wars; after a short peace it se ...

ended, beginning to serve in the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...

under Captain

Benjamin William Page Admiral (Royal Navy), Admiral Benjamin William Page (7 February 1765 – 3 October 1845) was a Royal Navy officer of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who served extensively on the East Indies Station. He joined the Royal Navy in 1778 on b ...

. ''Caroline'' served on the Irish Station until May 1803. The ship then received immediate orders to sail for the

carrying the declaration of war upon France and instructions to detain all Dutch vessels. Page had so little time to react that the ship was never configured for service anywhere else but Ireland. On 28 May ''Caroline'' was in sight of the ship-of-the-line as she captured the French frigate ''L'Ambuscade'', previously the British HMS ''Ambuscade'', and thus shared in the prize of her. A day later she captured the French merchant brig ''La Bonne Mere''. ''Caroline'' took the 6-gun privateer ''Haasje'' off the Cape of Good Hope on 2 August while on voyage; ''Haasje'' had been bound for India with dispatches from

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

. ''Haasje'' was sent in to

Saint Helena Saint Helena () is a British overseas territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote volcanic tropical island west of the coast of south-western Africa, and east of Rio de Janeiro in South America. It is one of three constitu ...

, where the news of war she carried caused Dutch ships to be impounded and English merchant ships to stop sailing out of convoys. No longer having to keep her knowledge of the war secret, the ship detained the Dutch merchant ''Henrica Johanna'' on 3 August. The passage to the East Indies took 103 days, with ''Caroline'' only stopping briefly at Madeira for water and wine. Here ''Caroline'' sent dignitaries to the governor of the island, only for the representatives to mistake the governor's butler for him. The frigate completed the voyage of 13,000 miles without losing any men to sickness, for which the discipline and cleanliness of the ship were praised. The ship arrived in the East Indies on 6 September and took the French merchant ''Petite Africaine'' a day later.

1804

For the next few months into early 1804 ''Caroline'' escorted convoys through the

Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line between ...

, and then on 5 January captured the 8-gun privateer ''Les Frères Unis'' around south-west of

Little Andaman Little Andaman Island (Onge: ''Gaubolambe'') is the fourth largest of the Andaman Islands of India with an area of 707 km2, lying at the southern end of the archipelago. It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, part of the I ...

.Michael Phillips
''Caroline'' (36) (1795)
Michael Phillips' Ships of the Old Navy. Retrieved 15 May 2021. During the pursuit one crewmember of ''Les Frères Unis'' was killed by a musket shot from the frigate; fifty-five members of her crew were actually soldiers who had travelled to

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl ...

from

Bourdeaux Bourdeaux (; oc, Bordèus) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France. Population See also *Communes of the Drôme department The following is a list of the 363 communes of the Drôme department of France. The communes ...

in July 1803. On 4 February ''Caroline'' discovered the 26-gun privateer ''Le Général du Caen'' in the channel south of

Preparis Preparis Island is an island which is part of the Yangon Region of Myanmar. Together, with the other Andaman Islands (the majority of which are a union territory of India), it marks the boundary between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. T ...

island; both ships used all their possible sail in the ensuing chase but the frigate used her superior sailing qualities to get close enough to fire into ''Le Général du Caen'' with her

chase gun A chase gun (or chaser), usually distinguished as bow chaser and stern chaser, was a cannon mounted in the bow (aiming forward) or stern (aiming backward) of a sailing ship. They were used to attempt to slow down an enemy ship either chasing ( ...

s, at which point she surrendered. ''Les Frères Unis'' and ''Le Général du Caen'' were both taken soon after their arrival from France and did not have any time to attack British shipping before being captured. The service of ''Caroline'' in stopping these privateers was rewarded in the presenting of swords worth 500

guineas The guinea (; commonly abbreviated gn., or gns. in plural) was a coin, minted in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Great Britain between 1663 and 1814, that contained approximately one-quarter of an ounce of gold. The name came from t ...

to Page from both the

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

and

Madras Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...

merchant communities. On 10 March ''Caroline'' was sent as lead escort ship, along with the

fourth-rate In 1603 all English warships with a compliment of fewer than 160 men were known as 'small ships'. In 1625/26 to establish pay rates for officers a six tier naval ship rating system was introduced.Winfield 2009 These small ships were divided i ...

, frigate HMS ''Dedaigneuse'', and sloop , to protect the valuable Bengal convoy sailing to and from

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. It was suspected by Vice-Admiral Peter Rainier that the convoy would come under attack from the French admiral

Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand, Comte de Linois (27 January 1761 – 2 December 1848) was a French admiral who served in the French Navy during the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte. He commanded the combined Franco-Spanish fleet during the Algec ...

's squadron as had happened previously with Commodore

Nathaniel Dance Sir Nathaniel Dance (20 June 1748 – 25 March 1827) was an officer of the East India Company who had a long and varied career on merchant vessels, making numerous voyages to India and back with the fleets of East Indiamen. He was already awar ...

's convoy. In early October ''Caroline'' and the convoy weathered a

typhoon A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for a ...

. In the last day of this, a seaman on ''Caroline'' fell from her masts; the frigate was not able to halt her progress for another three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km), and the seaman was presumed drowned. When further investigated it was found that the man was still swimming strongly in the distance and six men went in the ship's

jolly boat The jolly boat was a type of ship's boat in use during the 18th and 19th centuries. Used mainly to ferry personnel to and from the ship, or for other small-scale activities, it was, by the 18th century, one of several types of ship's boat. The de ...

to rescue him. Upon bringing the man back, the occupants of the boat were swept overboard by the waves as it was being brought on board; the boat was cut from its ropes into the sea again, and all survived in what was described as an 'extraordinary instance of preservation'. No attack being made on the convoy, it reached

Canton Canton may refer to: Administrative division terminology * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries, notably Switzerland * Township (Canada), known as ''canton'' in Canadian French Arts and ent ...

at the end of November and returned safely on 20 January 1805.

Java campaign

1805–1806

In April 1805 Captain Peter Rainier assumed command of ''Caroline''. She captured the French 14-gun privateer brig ''Gautavie'' in the same month. , of 20 guns and 120 men, prize to ''Caroline'' arrived at

on 7 April. Midway through 1805, ''Caroline''s surgeon, the writer and disease expert

James Johnson James Johnson may refer to: Artists, actors, authors, and musicians *James Austin Johnson (born 1989), American comedian & actor, ''Saturday Night Live'' cast member *James B. Johnson (born 1944), author of science nonfiction novels *James P. John ...

, left the ship; through his travels with the ship he had compiled a series of geographical and medical notes, as well as naval anecdotes, that he used to produce a number of works includin
''The Oriental Voyager''
In October 1806 the frigate was part of Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Troubridge's squadron blockading

Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...

, from where a large Dutch squadron had been threatening merchant shipping. On the morning of 18 October ''Caroline'' took a small brig while on station. The crew of this brig informed Rainier that the 36-gun Dutch frigate ''Phoenix'' was currently under repair nearby, and ''Caroline'' set out to find her. While doing so, the ship discovered two brigs at anchor off Batavia; one of these was the 14-gun Dutch brig ''Zeerob'' which had sailed from Bantem. ''Zeerob'' was captured by ''Caroline'', but the other brig was too close to the shore to be pursued and made her escape into Batavia, where she sheltered with ''Phoenix'' and the 36-gun frigate ''Maria Reijersbergen'', the 20-gun sloop ''William'', the 18-gun ''Patriot'', and the 14-gun ''Zeeplong''. As the brig escaped, ''Phoenix'' emerged from the inner harbour in an attempt to manoeuvre away from ''Caroline''. ''Caroline'' entered the harbour and sailed for ''Maria Reijersbergen'', determining her to be the largest threat, firing at her from the range of half a pistol shot; after around thirty minutes of bombardment the Dutch frigate surrendered. Her consorts, ''Patriot'', ''William'', and ''Zeeplong'', all failed to engage ''Caroline'', making the battle much fairer than it should have been considering the number of ships present. While ''Maria Reijersbergen'' had a full complement of 270 men, ''Caroline'' was fifty-seven men below complement in the fight due to men having been sent away in prize ships or being in hospital. The ship had three seamen killed as well as four Dutch prisoners who were being held in the hold at the time; eighteen men were wounded with six mortally so, including the lieutenant of

marines Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refle ...

. The Dutch ship had around fifty men killed and wounded and was heavily damaged due to the efficiency of ''Caroline''s guns; her rigging (including a

yard The yard (symbol: yd) is an English unit of length in both the British imperial and US customary systems of measurement equalling 3 feet or 36 inches. Since 1959 it has been by international agreement standardized as exactly 0.914 ...

shot in half), masts, and hull all received damage in the battle. ''Caroline'' fought her opponent in very shallow water surrounded by dangerous shoals, and was not able to chase the other ships that had been sheltering alongside the frigate. Despite this the Dutch ships, including six merchants, ran themselves aground to ensure they would not be captured by her. On 27 November a squadron under Rear-Admiral

Edward Pellew Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother ...

sailed for Batavia to complete the destruction begun by ''Caroline''. Pellew's ships could not enter due to the shallow shoals, and thus sent in their boats to attack the beached Dutch vessels; ''Phoenix''s crew

scuttled Scuttling is the deliberate sinking of a ship. Scuttling may be performed to dispose of an abandoned, old, or captured vessel; to prevent the vessel from becoming a navigation hazard; as an act of self-destruction to prevent the ship from being ...

her upon the boats' approach, and the British succeeded in burning all the ships that had escaped ''Caroline''. ''Maria Reijersbergen'' was bought into the

as .

1807

On 27 January 1807 the frigate was sailing near the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

having recently finished convoying the East India Company ships and , when a strange sail was sighted on the horizon. A chase of the ship ensued and when ''Caroline'' came within gunshot the ship raised Spanish colours; soon after the enemy ship was discommoded by a change in the winds and the ship was able to come alongside her. The enemy ship, despite being much smaller than ''Caroline'', began to fire into her; the frigate returned her fire, and the ship surrendered to her after having twenty seven of her crew killed or wounded. Upon investigation it was found that the ship was the 16-gun ''St. Raphael'' sailing as ''Pallas'', she had on board 500,000 dollars in

specie Specie may refer to: * Coins or other metal money in mass circulation * Bullion coins * Hard money (policy) * Commodity money * Specie Circular, 1836 executive order by US President Andrew Jackson regarding hard money * Specie Payment Resumption Ac ...

and 1,700

quintal The quintal or centner is a historical unit of mass in many countries which is usually defined as 100 base units, such as pounds or kilograms. It is a traditional unit of weight in France, Portugal, and Spain and their former colonies. It is com ...

s of copper. In capturing this valuable prize ''Caroline'' had only seven men wounded, of which one later died, but illness meant that she returned to port with only a small portion of her crew fit to serve. By June ''Caroline'' was with Pellew's squadron, with him serving jointly as commander-in-chief with Troubridge, at Madras. The ship was sent with the frigate HMS ''Psyche'' to hunt for two Dutch ships-of-the-line that had escaped from Batavia in 1806, and on 29 August they arrived off

Surabaya Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...

; here they captured a merchant vessel on 30 August that informed them that the Dutch ships were lying in a state of disrepair inside the nearby port of

Gresik Gresik Regency ( older spelling: Grissee, ) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the Surabaya northern and western suburbs, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java an ...

. Having successfully discovered the enemy ships, ''Psyche'' went on to destroy a number of Dutch merchant ships lying off the coast while ''Caroline'' chased a strange sail. On 31 August ''Caroline'' shared by agreement in ''Psyche''s capture of the Dutch corvette , which was bought into the navy as HMS ''Samarang''. From September Commander Henry Hart took command of the frigate as her acting-captain, still in Pellew's squadron. On 20 October the squadron left Madras for Gresik, the harbour that ''Caroline'' and ''Psyche'' had reconnoitered in August. The squadron arrived on 5 December and on 11 December attacked the port. ''Caroline'' was used by Pellew as his

flagship A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels, typically the fi ...

for some of the operation after his actual flagship, the ship-of-the-line , grounded herself and her crew became intoxicated on a store of

liquor Liquor (or a spirit) is an alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar, that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. Other terms for liquor include: spirit drink, distilled beverage or hard ...

. When ''Culloden'' grounded ''Caroline'' was directly astern of her and it was thought that ''Caroline'' would either hit ''Culloden'' or have to run herself ashore to escape that, but through the quick use of a spare anchor the crisis was averted just before ''Caroline'' hit the flagship's

stern The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. The stern lies opposite the bow, the foremost part of a ship. Ori ...

. The squadron then burned the three Dutch ships-of-the-line present, and a large merchant ship, all of which had been scuttled by the Dutch, and destroyed the fort, its gun batteries, and the dockyard. Hart was in charge of the landings and then commanded the troops during the attack against the port's infrastructure. This action meant that the Dutch no longer had an active navy presence in the East Indies. A committee from Surabaya spoke with the squadron and stopped further destruction in return for their assistance in replenishing the squadron with food and other supplies. Having repaired and replenished themselves, the ships left Gresik on 17 December. Continuing her duties, ''Caroline'' participated in an engagement with a series of batteries and

gunboat A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies. History Pre-steam ...

s at the entrance of

Manila Bay Manila Bay ( fil, Look ng Maynila) is a natural harbor that serves the Port of Manila (on Luzon), in the Philippines. Strategically located around the capital city of the Philippines, Manila Bay facilitated commerce and trade between the Phili ...

soon after this. Despite having served for four years in the Indies, it was reported around this time that the crew had not become more seasoned to the climate and were still harshly affected by the heat, diseases and other effects present.

Persian Gulf campaign

1808–1809

In the first months of 1808 ''Caroline'' captured the merchant ships ''Le Gustave'' and ''Le Paroudi Patche''. On 21 December Captain Charles Gordon took over from Hart, and the frigate moved to operate in the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...

to combat

pirate Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods. Those who conduct acts of piracy are called pirates, v ...

s in November 1809. The same month, ''Caroline'' assisted in destroying over eighty pirate vessels at Ras-al-Khyma. This was a well-known pirate stronghold that was set to be attacked along with

Lingeh Bandar Lengeh ( fa, بندرلنگه, also Romanized as Bandar-e Lengeh, Bandar-e-Langeh and Bandar Langeh; also known simply as Lengeh, Linja, Linjah or Lingah) is a harbour city and capital of Bandar Lengeh County, in Hormozgan province of I ...

and Laft. ''Caroline'' was sailing alongside the frigate HMS ''Chiffonne'' and several vessels of the

Bombay Marine The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) was the naval force of British India and the Dominion of India. Along with the Presidency armies, later the Indian Army, and from 1932 the Royal Indian Air Force, it was one of the Armed Forces of British India. Fr ...

; the smaller vessels bombarded the coast on 12 November in advance of a landing of troops including Gordon and marines from the frigate on 13 November. By 10 a.m. the town had been captured by the landing force and before 4 p.m. all the pirate ships had been set on fire and destroyed, as well as all the naval storehouses in the town. The troops re-embarked at midday on 14 November with ''Caroline'' having only one man injured. While ''Chiffonne'' continued to attack and burn pirate vessels on the coast, ''Caroline'' was detached to convoy the transports containing the soldiers that had assisted in the attack. One of the ship's lieutenants later died of an illness contracted while fighting at Ras-al-Khyma.

Invasion of the Spice Islands

1810

In early 1810 Captain Christopher Cole assumed command of ''Caroline'' after requesting a transfer from his previous command, the frigate . The frigate briefly served as the flagship of Rear-Admiral

William O'Bryen Drury Vice-Admiral William O'Bryen Drury (1754 – 6 March 1811) was a senior officer of the British Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars. He was born in County Cork, Ireland to Edward Drury (1722–1785) and Ann Drury née Maule. His nephew was hom ...

, who was now commander-in-chief, in April from where he organised the capture of Amboyna Island. On 10 May ''Caroline'' became the lead ship of a squadron including the frigate HMS ''Piedmontaise'', the brig-sloop , and the

gun-brig A gun-brig was a small brig-rigged warship that enjoyed popularity in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars, during which large numbers were purchased or built. In general these were vessels of under 200 tons burthen, and thus smaller than ...

. ''Mandarin'' was used as a transport to carry 100 soldiers of the

Madras Regiment The Madras Regiment is the oldest infantry regiment of the Indian Army, originating in the 1750s. The regiment took part in numerous campaigns with both the British Indian Army and the post-independence Indian Army. History The town of Madras wa ...

, money, and provisions for the garrison of the recently captured Amboyna. While travelling to the island the squadron stopped at

Penang Island Penang Island ( ms, Pulau Pinang; zh, 檳榔嶼; ta, பினாங்கு தீவு) is part of the state of Penang, on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It was named Prince of Wales Island when it was occupied by the British Ea ...

to embark artillerymen, two

field gun A field gun is a field artillery piece. Originally the term referred to smaller guns that could accompany a field army on the march, that when in combat could be moved about the battlefield in response to changing circumstances ( field artille ...

s, and twenty

scaling ladder {{Unreferenced, date=May 2007 Escalade is the act of scaling defensive walls or ramparts with the aid of ladders. Escalade was a prominent feature of sieges in ancient and medieval warfare, and though it is no longer common in modern warfare, ...

s with the intent of assaulting

before reaching Amboyna. After a passage of over six weeks, the ships entered the

Java Sea The Java Sea ( id, Laut Jawa, jv, Segara Jawa) is an extensive shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf, between the Indonesian islands of Borneo to the north, Java to the south, Sumatra to the west, and Sulawesi to the east. Karimata Strait to its nort ...

on 23 July and approached Banda Neira on 8 August; Cole described the voyage as the most difficult he had ever made. Fearing that the Dutch would reinforce the island before they could attack it, the squadron had taken a quicker but more dangerous route than might have been expected. Banda Neira was a heavily guarded island, having been reinforced since its previous capture by the British in 1796 with two major forts and ten other batteries of guns. It had originally been planned that the squadron's ships would enter the harbour under the cover of darkness, but while attempting such they were fired on by a gun battery on the nearby Rosensgen Island, which the British had not been aware of, and retired. Instead the squadron's small boats were put into action, embarking soldiers and seamen in the evening. As the boats began to rendezvous together at 2 a.m. for the attack the weather turned for the worse with rain and thunder and many boats were swept off course, leaving 200 men to make the attack of which only 40 were soldiers. With a full-scale attack no longer possible, the boats available to Cole instead aimed to attack two batteries that could hinder the squadron as it attempted to enter the harbour again the following morning. The Dutch expected any landing to occur at the north of the island, where the previous one had, and thus by landing in a different location the boats gained the element of surprise. Landing in the rain, a 10-gun battery was taken quickly from behind with sixty prisoners captured for no casualties. Twenty minutes after this the force assaulted one of the two major forts,

Fort Belgica Fort Belgica is a 17th-century fort in Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Maluku Islands (the Moluccas), Indonesia; administratively in Central Maluku Regency, Maluku. The fort acted as a fortification system for the islands of Banda which was the only p ...

, mounting fifty-two cannons; the attack was initially successful when they used their ladders to scale the outer walls. The rain continued, making it impossible for the defending Dutch force to fire their cannons more than three times, but the attackers found their ladders too short to scale the inner walls of the fort. Instead the force rushed the main gateway which had been opened to allow Dutch officers that lived outside the fort to enter it. The fort's commandant and ten Dutch soldiers were killed in the attack with another four officers and forty men captured. AMH-4725-NA Map and elevation of Fort Belgica on Banda Neira

AMH-4725-NA Map and elevation of Fort Belgica on Banda Neira

In the morning the ships entered Banda Neira's harbour with ''Caroline'' leading. The remaining batteries fired on the ships, but shots from the captured Fort Belgica and a threat to storm Fort Nassau, the other major fort, brought defence of the island to an end. 120 guns and 700 Dutch soldiers were captured with no loss to the attacking force. ''Caroline''s

first lieutenant First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces; in some forces, it is an appointment. The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations, but in most forces it is sub-divided into a s ...

, John Gilmour, commanded the frigate while Cole was ashore despite suffering from a severe illness, and took the captured colours of the forts to Drury. In celebration of the victory, the captains of ''Piedmontaise'' and ''Barracouta'' had a silver cup made for Cole, while the officers of the squadron and the officers of the Madras Regiment and artillery both presented him with swords worth 100 guineas. The capture was thought to be worth £600,000 for the captors, with there being £400,000 worth of

spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants used for flavoring or as a garnish. Spices a ...

alone. ''Caroline'' sailed for Madras on 15 August but Drury was absent attacking Mauritius, and so the ship instead went to Bombay for a refit. In September she brought the new governor and staff-officers to Banda Neira.

Invasion of Java

1811

In 1811 ''Caroline'' joined Drury's forces off the

Malabar Coast The Malabar Coast is the southwestern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, especially on their westward-facing m ...

to prepare for an attack on

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

. On 6 March the now Vice-Admiral Drury suddenly died, leaving Cole to continue preparations in his stead until Rear-Admiral

Robert Stopford Robert Wright Stopford, (20 February 1901 – 13 August 1976) was a British Anglican bishop. Early life and education Stopford was born in Garston, Merseyside (then in Lancashire), and educated at Coatham School in Redcar and Liverpool Colle ...

and Captain

William Robert Broughton William Robert Broughton (22 March 176214 March 1821) was a British naval officer in the late 18th century. As a lieutenant in the Royal Navy, he commanded HMS ''Chatham'' as part of the Vancouver Expedition, a voyage of exploration through th ...

arrived later in the year. By the time of the arrival of these senior officers Cole had almost completed the preparations for the invasion. On 4 August the large force under Stopford arrived in Chillingching Bay, east of Batavia. ''Caroline'' was the lead frigate alongside HMS ''Modeste'' and HMS ''Bucephalus'' charged with covering the debarkation of the invasion forces on the beaches. It was found that no enemy forces were contesting the landing and that two batteries meant to be guarding the location were unfinished, so Cole ordered 8,000 men to land immediately from the boats of the frigates, successfully doing so before the Dutch (who had been rushing to reach the site) were able to respond. The Dutch having arrived to contest the invasion seven hours after the landing, Cole requested that he take 400 seamen ashore to further assist the soldiers, but his offer was declined and ''Caroline'' played no further action in the invasion. Between 4 and 28 August at Java ''Caroline'' had two men killed, three wounded, and one missing. Sir Christopher Cole

Cole was personally thanked for his actions by the

Governor-General of India The Governor-General of India (1773–1950, from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom and after Indian independence in 1 ...

Lord Minto Earl of Minto, in the County of Roxburgh, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1813 for Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Baron Minto. The current earl is Gilbert Timothy George Lariston Elliot-Murray-Kynynm ...

and the commander-in-chief of the forces Major-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty. The invasion was a success, and ''Caroline'' was chosen to take Stopford's dispatches on the action back to Britain, arriving there on 15 December. The voyage took the ship ninety-four days, which was thought to be the second fastest passage from the East Indies to date. Cole was knighted on 29 May 1812 for his service, and the crew of ''Caroline'' presented him with a sword worth 100 guineas and an epistle thanking him for his kindess and bravery while in command of them.

Fate

Her service over, ''Caroline'' was paid off at Portsmouth in January 1812. In November 1813 she was fitted as a salvage ship to weight the wreck of the 100-gun ship-of-the-line HMS ''Queen Charlotte'' which had blown up in an accident off

Capraia Capraia is an Italian island, the northwesternmost of the seven islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, and the third largest after Elba and Giglio. It is also a ''comune'' (Capraia Isola) belonging to the Province of Livorno. The island has a p ...

in 1800. The ship was

at Deptford in September 1815.

Prizes

Notes and citations

Notes

Citations

References

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

External links

*
Ships of the Old Navy
{{DEFAULTSORT:Caroline (1795) 1795 ships Ships built in Rotherhithe Fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy