Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov (

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries * Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and p ...

: Гео́ргий Васи́льевич Свири́дов ; 16 December 1915 – 6 January 1998) was a Soviet and Russian neoromantic composer. He is most widely known for his choral music, strongly influenced by the traditional

chant A chant (from French ', from Latin ', "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones. Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes ...

of the

Russian Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...

, as well as his orchestral works which often celebrate elements of Russian culture. Sviridov employed, especially in his choral music, rich and dense harmonic textures, embracing a romantic-era

tonality Tonality is the arrangement of pitches and/or chords of a musical work in a hierarchy of perceived relations, stabilities, attractions and directionality. In this hierarchy, the single pitch or triadic chord with the greatest stability is ca ...

; his works would come to incorporate not only sacred elements of Russian church music, including vocal work for the

basso profundo Basso profondo (Italian: "deep bass"), sometimes basso profundo, contrabass or oktavist, is the lowest bass voice type. While ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'' defines a typical bass as having a range that is limited to the second E below ...

, but also the influence of Eastern European

folk music Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has be ...

, 19th-century European romantic composers (especially

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...

), and neoromantic contemporaries outside of Russia. He wrote musical settings of Russian Romantic poetry by poets such as

Mikhail Lermontov Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (; russian: Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjurʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲɛrməntəf; – ) was a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucas ...

Fyodor Tyutchev Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev ( rus, Фёдор Ива́нович Тю́тчев, r=Fyódor Ivánovič Tyútčev, links=1, p=ˈfʲɵdər ɪˈvanəvʲɪt͡ɕ ˈtʲʉt͡ɕːɪf; Pre-Reform orthography: ; – ) was a Russian poet and diplomat. ...

, and

Alexander Blok Alexander Alexandrovich Blok ( rus, Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Бло́к, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈblok, a=Ru-Alyeksandr Alyeksandrovich Blok.oga; 7 August 1921) was a Russian lyrical poet, writer, publ ...

. Sviridov enjoyed critical acclaim for much of his career in the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eight ...

Early life and youth

Sviridov was born in 1915 in the town of

Fatezh Fatezh (russian: Фате́ж) is a town and the administrative center of Fatezhsky District in Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on thUsozha River north of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 4,959 (1897). History and e ...

in the Kursk Governorate of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ...

(present-day

Kursk Oblast Kursk Oblast ( rus, Курская область, r=Kurskaya oblast, p=ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2010 Census, Kursk Oblast has a population ...

) in a family of

ethnicity. His father, Vasily Sviridov, a

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

sympathizer during the

Russian Civil War , date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...

, was killed when Georgy was four. The family moved to

Kursk Kursk ( rus, Курск, p=ˈkursk) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the Soviet–German str ...

, where Sviridov, still in elementary school, learned to play his first instrument, the

balalaika The balalaika (russian: link=no, балала́йка, ) is a Russian stringed musical instrument with a characteristic triangular wooden, hollow body, fretted neck and three strings. Two strings are usually tuned to the same note and the thir ...

. Learning to play by ear, he demonstrated such talent and ability that he was accepted into the local orchestra of Russian folk instruments. He enrolled in a music school in 1929, and following the advice of his teacher, M. Krutinsky, went to

Leningrad Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

in 1932, where he studied

piano The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboa ...

at the Leningrad Central Music College, graduating in 1936. From 1936 to 1941, Sviridov studied at the

Leningrad Conservatory The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory (russian: Санкт-Петербургская государственная консерватория имени Н. А. Римского-Корсакова) (formerly known as th ...

under

Pyotr Ryazanov Pyotr Borisovich Ryazanov (russian: Пётр Борисович Рязанов; – 11 October 1942) was a Russian composer, teacher, and musicologist. Biography Born in Narva into a musical family, he entered the Saint Petersburg Conservator ...

, then

Dmitri Shostakovich Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, , group=n (9 August 1975) was a Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist who became internationally known after the premiere of his First Symphony in 1926 and was regarded throughout his life as a major compo ...

. Mobilized into the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...

in 1941, just days after his graduation from the conservatory, Sviridov was sent to a military academy in

Ufa Ufa ( ba, Өфө , Öfö; russian: Уфа́, r=Ufá, p=ʊˈfa) is the largest city and capital of Bashkortostan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Belaya and Ufa rivers, in the centre-north of Bashkortostan, on hills forming the ...

, but was discharged by the end of the year due to poor health.

Musical legacy

In 1935, Sviridov composed a cycle of lyrical romances based on the poetry of

Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; rus, links=no, Александр Сергеевич ПушкинIn pre-Revolutionary script, his name was written ., r=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn, ...

which brought him first critical acclaim. During his studies in

, 1936–1941, Sviridov experimented with different genres and different types of musical composition, such as his Piano Concerto No. 1 (1936–1939), Symphony No. 1 (1936–1937), and the Chamber Symphony for Strings (1940). Later Sviridov would turn to Russian musical heritage, including folk songs, for inspiration. Among Sviridov's most popular orchestral pieces are the "Romance," "Waltz," and "Winter Road" from his suite ''The Blizzard'', musical illustrations after Pushkin (1975), that were extracted from his score for the eponymous 1964 film based on the short story from

Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; rus, links=no, Александр Сергеевич ПушкинIn pre-Revolutionary script, his name was written ., r=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn, ...

's ''

The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin ''The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin'' (russian: «По́вести поко́йного Ива́на Петро́вича Бе́лкина», 1831) is a series of five short stories and a fictional editorial introduction by Russian autho ...

''. A short segment from his score for the 1965 film '' Time, Forward!'' (''Время, вперёд!'') was selected as the opening theme for the main evening TV news program ''

Vremya ''Vremya'' (russian: Вре́мя, lit. "Time") is the main evening newscast in Russia, airing on Channel One Russia (Russian: , Pervy kanal) and previously on Programme One of the Central Television of the USSR (CT USSR, Russian: ). The progra ...

'' (Время, 'time') and became a staple of Soviet life for several generations. Poetry always occupied an important place in Sviridov's music. He composed songs and romances to the lyrics of

(1938, 1957),

(1941),

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

(1944–1960),

Robert Burns Robert Burns (25 January 175921 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who ha ...

(in Russian translation, 1955). Despite the popularity of Sviridov's instrumental works, both the composer himself and the music critics regarded vocal and choral music to be his main strengths. ''Oratorio Pathétique'' (1959) after

Vladimir Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (, ; rus, Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский, , vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ məjɪˈkofskʲɪj, Ru-Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.ogg, links=y; – 14 Apr ...

has been called a masterful musical rendering of one of the most popular Russian revolution poets. Sviridov's prolific vocal chamber and vocal symphonic output includes the oratorio ''To the memory of Sergei Yesenin'' (1956), Little Cantata ''Wooden Russia'' (1964) after Yesenin, Cantata ''Songs of Kursk'' (1964), ''Spring Cantata'' (1972) after

Nikolay Nekrasov Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov ( rus, Никола́й Алексе́евич Некра́сов, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪtɕ nʲɪˈkrasəf, a=Ru-Nikolay_Alexeyevich_Nekrasov.ogg, – ) was a Russian poet, writer, critic and publi ...

, songs, romances, and cantatas after

Sergei Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin ( rus, Сергей Александрович Есенин, p=sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ jɪˈsʲenʲɪn; ( 1895 – 28 December 1925), sometimes spelled as Esenin, was a Russian lyric poet. He is one o ...

Boris Pasternak Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (; rus, Бори́с Леони́дович Пастерна́к, p=bɐˈrʲis lʲɪɐˈnʲidəvʲɪtɕ pəstɛrˈnak; 30 May 1960) was a Russian poet, novelist, composer and literary translator. Composed in 1917, Pa ...

, Alexander Prokofyev,

Robert Rozhdestvensky Robert Ivanovich Rozhdestvensky (russian: Ро́берт Ива́нович Рожде́ственский; 20 June 1932 – 19 August 1994) was a Soviet- Russian poet and Songwriter who broke with socialist realism in the 1950s–1960s during ...

. He also wrote one

opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a libre ...

, ''Twinkling Lights'' (1951). While Sviridov's music remains little known in the West, his works received high praise in his homeland for their melodies, national flavor, and expression of

and the Russian soul. His piece ''Winter Road'' was allegedly plagiarized by Tappi Iwase and used as the theme for the popular video game series ''

Metal Gear Solid is a series of techno-thriller stealth games created by Hideo Kojima. Developed and published by Konami, the first game, '' Metal Gear'', was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operati ...

''.

Honors and awards

In 1946 Sviridov was awarded the Stalin Prize for his

Piano Trio A piano trio is a group of piano and two other instruments, usually a violin and a cello, or a piece of music written for such a group. It is one of the most common forms found in classical chamber music. The term can also refer to a group of musi ...

, heavily influenced by

Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...

. The Lenin Prize of 1960 was bestowed on the composer for his ''Oratorio Pathétique''. Georgy Sviridov was awarded the

USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...

in 1968 and 1980 and honored with the title

People's Artist of the USSR People's Artist of the USSR ( rus, Народный артист СССР, Narodny artist SSSR), also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. Nomenclature and significan ...

. He became a

Hero of Socialist Labour The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...

(1975) and was twice awarded the

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...

Asteroid An asteroid is a minor planet of the inner Solar System. Sizes and shapes of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from 1-meter rocks to a dwarf planet almost 1000 km in diameter; they are rocky, metallic or icy bodies with no atmosphere. ...

4075 Sviridov, discovered by the Russian astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina in 1982, was named in honor of Georgy Sviridov.

Death

The composer died of a

heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may tr ...

in Moscow, where he had lived since 1956, on 6 January 1998.

Selected filmography

* '' Virgin Soil Upturned'' (1939) * ''

Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov . At the time, his name was spelled Николай Андреевичъ Римскій-Корсаковъ. la, Nicolaus Andreae filius Rimskij-Korsakov. The composer romanized his name as ''Nicolas Rimsk ...

'' (1952) * ''

The Great Warrior Skanderbeg ''The Great Warrior Skanderbeg'' ( al, Luftëtari i madh i Shqipërisë Skënderbeu; russian: Великий воин Албании Скандербег, Velikiy voin Albanii Skanderbeg) is a 1953 Soviet-Albanian biopic directed by Sergei Yutk ...

'' (1953) * ''

Resurrection Resurrection or anastasis is the concept of coming back to life after death. In a number of religions, a dying-and-rising god is a deity which dies and is resurrected. Reincarnation is a similar process hypothesized by other religions, which ...

'' (1960) * ''

The Blizzard "The Blizzard" (or The Snow Storm) (russian: Мете́ль, ''Metél' '') is the second of five short stories that constitute '' The Belkin Tales'' by Alexander Pushkin. The manuscript for the story was originally completed October 20, 1830. It w ...

'' (1964) * '' Time, Forward!'' (1965) * ''

Trust Trust often refers to: * Trust (social science), confidence in or dependence on a person or quality It may also refer to: Business and law * Trust law, a body of law under which one person holds property for the benefit of another * Trust (bus ...

'' (1976) * '' Red Bells II'' (1982)

List of works

Orchestral

* Chamber Symphony for strings (1940) * Symphony No. 1 (1936–1937; previously lost, score rediscovered posthumously) * Symphony No. 2 (1949; unfinished) * ''Triptych'', a small symphony for orchestra (1964) * ''Snow Storm'' (also translated as ''The Blizzard''), musical illustrations after Pushkin for orchestra (1975)

Concertante

* Piano Concerto No. 1 (1936–1939) * Piano Concerto No. 2 (1942)

Chamber

* Piano Trio (1945 - rev. 1955) * Piano Quintet in B minor (1945) * String Quartet No. 1 (1945–1946) * String Quartet No. 2 (1947) * Music for Chamber Orchestra (1964)

Solo piano

*Seven Small Pieces for piano (1934–1935) *Seven Songs after

Lermontov Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (; russian: Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjurʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲɛrməntəf; – ) was a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucas ...

(1938) *Piano Sonata (1944) *Two Partitas for piano (1946, revised 1957 and 1960) *''Children's Album'', seventeen pieces for piano (1948, revised 1957) *''Ruy Blas'', serenade (1952) *Partita in E minor *Partita in F minor

Choral

* ''The Decembrists'', oratorio (1955) * ''Poem to the Memory of

'', oratorio for tenor, mixed chorus and orchestra (1956) * ''Five Choruses to Lyrics by Russian Poets'' (1958) * ''Oratorio Pathétique'' to words by

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (, ; rus, Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский, , vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ məjɪˈkofskʲɪj, Ru-Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.ogg, links=y; – 14 Apr ...

for bass, mezzo-soprano, mixed chorus and orchestra (1959) * Song about

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

("We Don't Believe") to words by Mayakovsky for bass, mixed chorus and orchestra (1960) * ''Songs of

'', cantata after folk texts for mixed chorus and orchestra (1964) * ''Wooden Russia'', cantata to words by Yesenin for tenor, men's chorus and orchestra (1964) * ''Sad Songs'', small cantata to words by A. Blok for mezzo-soprano, female chorus and orchestra (1962–1965) * ''It Is Snowing'', small cantata to words by

for female chorus, boys'chorus and orchestra (1965) * ''Five Songs about Russia'', cantata to words by Blok for soprano, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, mixed chorus and orchestra (1967) * Four Folk Songs for chorus and orchestra (1971) * ''The Friendly Guest'' (also translated as ''The Radiant Guest''), cantata to words by Yesenin for solo voices, chorus and orchestra (1971–1976) * ''Spring Cantata'' to words by Nekrasov for mixed chorus and orchestra (1972) * ''Concerto in Memory of '' for unaccompanied mixed chorus (1973) * ''The Birch of Life'', cantata to words by A. Blok for mezzo-soprano and orchestra (1974) * Three Miniatures for solo voices and mixed chorus (1972–1975) * Three Pieces from ''Children's Album'' for mixed chorus

a cappella ''A cappella'' (, also , ; ) music is a performance by a singer or a singing group without Musical instrument, instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. The term ''a cappella'' was originally intended to differ ...

(1975) * ''Ode to Lenin'' to words by R. Rozhdestvensky for narrator, chorus and large orchestra (1976) * ''Hymns to the Motherland'' for chorus (1978) * ''Pushkin's Garland'', choral concerto on verses by Alexander Pushkin (1979) * ''Night Clouds'', cantata to words by A. Blok for mixed chorus a cappella (1979) * ''Ladoga'', choral poem for chorus to words by A. Prokofiev (1980) * ''Songs From Hard Times'', choruses to words of A. Blok for chorus a cappella (1980–1981 and later) * ''Hymns and Prayers'', words from liturgical poetry, for unaccompanied choir (1980–1997)

Opera

* ''Bright Lights'', operetta in three acts after L. Sacharov and S. Poloski (1951)

Miscellaneous music

* "Othello", incidental music after Shakespeare (1942) * Original soundtrack to The Blizzard (1964) film after Alexander Pushkin's story * " Time, Forward!", suite of the film score (1967) * Music to the Play "Czar Fyodor Ioannovich" after Tolstoi (1973)

Songs

*Six Romances on Texts by Pushkin for voice and piano (1935) *Three Songs to words by

(1941) *"Shakespeare Suite" for singer and piano (1944) *"Country of My Fathers", song cycle after A. Isaakian for tenor and bass with piano accompaniment (1949–1950) *"Songs to Words of

" for bass and piano (1955) *"My Father is a Farmer", song cycle to words by Yesenin for tenor and baritone (1957) *"Suburb-Lyrics", seven songs after A. Prokofiev and M. Issakovsky for singer and piano (1938–1958) *Eight Romances to words by Lermontov for bass and piano (1957–1958) *"St Petersburg Songs" for soprano, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, violin, cello and piano (1961–1963) *"Petersburg Songs" to words of A. Blok for bass and piano (1961–1963) *"Russia Cast Adrift", better "Russia Now Launched", song cycle to words by Yesenin for tenor and piano (1977) *Two Songs to words of A. S. Pushkin (1975–1980) *Nine Songs to Words of A. Blok (1972–1981) *Twenty-five Songs for bass and piano (1955–1981) *"Petersburg", song cycle to words by A. Blok (1963–1995)

References

Notes

Citations

External links

Georgy Vasilievich Sviridov
Petersburg Musical Archive

- Classical Archives * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sviridov, Georgy Vasilyevich 1915 births 1998 deaths People from Fatezhsky District People from Fatezhsky Uyezd Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1967–1971 Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1971–1975 Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1975–1980 Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1980–1985 Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1985–1990 Russian male composers Russian opera composers Russian pianists Soviet film score composers Soviet male classical composers Soviet male composers Soviet opera composers Male film score composers Male opera composers Neoromantic composers Operetta composers Russian film score composers Russian male classical composers Soviet pianists 20th-century classical composers 20th-century Russian male musicians Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni People's Artists of the USSR People's Artists of the RSFSR Stalin Prize winners Lenin Prize winners Recipients of the USSR State Prize State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates Heroes of Socialist Labour Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery