Gülbahar Mükrime Hatun ( ota, گل بھار مکرمه خاتون; "''Rose of spring''" and "''hospitable''"; died 1492), was consort of Sultan

Mehmed II Mehmed II ( ota, محمد ثانى, translit=Meḥmed-i s̱ānī; tr, II. Mehmed, ; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror ( ota, ابو الفتح, Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit=the Father of Conquest, links=no; tr, Fâtih Su ...

, and mother of Sultan

Bayezid II Bayezid II ( ota, بايزيد ثانى, Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī, 3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512, Turkish: ''II. Bayezid'') was the eldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, ...

Early life

The Ottoman inscription (''vakfiye'') describes her as ''Hātun binti Abdullah (Daughter of Abdullah)'', which means that her father was possibly a convert to

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

. According to one source, Gülbahar was of

Pontic Greek Pontic Greek ( pnt, Ποντιακόν λαλίαν, or ; el, Ποντιακή διάλεκτος, ; tr, Rumca) is a variety of Modern Greek indigenous to the Pontus region on the southern shores of the Black Sea, northeastern Anatolia, ...

origin and this view is also described to mother of sultan

Selim I Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite last ...

Gülbahar Hatun Gülbahar is a Turkish given name for females and may refer to: *Gülbahar Hatun, consort of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, and Valide Sultan as the mother of Sultan Bayezid II *Gülbahar Hatun, consort of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II and the mother of Sul ...

, who shared the same name and this created a confusion between the two, while a Turkish legend claimed that she was a daughter of the king of France. However, Gülbahar was

Albanian Albanian may refer to: *Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular: **Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans **Albanian language **Albanian culture **Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...

Marriage

Gülbahar married Mehmed in 1446, when he was still a prince and the governor of

Amasya Amasya () is a city in northern Turkey and is the capital of Amasya Province, in the Black Sea Region. It was called Amaseia or Amasia in antiquity."Amasya" in ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th e ...

. She had two children, a son, Şehzade Bayezid (future

) born in 1447 in Demotika, and a daughter,

Gevherhan Hatun Gevherhan Hatun ( ota, کوھرخان خاتون "''Gem of the Khan''") was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Mehmed the Conqueror (reign 1444–46 and 1451–81) and Gülbahar Hatun. She was the sister of Sultan Bayezid II (reign 1481–1512 ...

, born in 1446, who married

Ughurlu Muhammad Ughurlu Muhammad Beg or Ughurlu Mehmed ( az, Uğurlu Məhəmməd bəy; fa, اغورلو محم بیگ; tr, Uğurlu Mehmed Bey; d. 1477) was a prince of the Aq Qoyunlu, son of Uzun Hassan and Jan Khatun. As the eldest son to Uzun Hasan, he gove ...

, a son of

Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (Wh ...

Sultan

Uzun Hasan Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan ( اوزون حسن; fa, اوزون حسن; 1423 – January 6, 1478; where ''uzun'' means "tall" in Oghuz Turkic) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Ha ...

in 1474. Due to their middle name in common, Gülbahar is sometimes confused with Sittişah Mukrime Hatun, another consort of Mehmed In 1451, after Mehmed's accession to the throne, she followed him to

Edirne Edirne (, ), formerly known as Adrianople or Hadrianopolis (Greek: Άδριανούπολις), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, ...

. According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors as a part of their training. In 1455 or 1456, Bayezid was appointed the governor of Amasya, and Gülbahar accompanied him, where the two remained until 1481, except for in 1457, when she came to Constantinople, and attended her son's circumcision ceremony. Gülbahar was apparently quite concerned about the future of her son, and related to that, her own properties. In order to secure her properties, she endowed the incomes of certain villages and fields to the Enderun mosque in 1474. Among the endowed properties was the village of Ağılcık, which was turned back into a Timariot village in 1479 during the land reform. In 1468, Mehmed gave the village of Bağluca to Gülbahar. After six years, in 1473, she sold the village to Taceddin Bey, son of Hamza Bali (died 1486), the book keeper of Bayezid's court. In 1478, the village's exemption was abolished and granted back to her probably as a result of the land reform. This order was reissued a year later at the request of Mevlana Şemseddin Ahmed according to which the village was not reverted to her, and she had likely become subject to a legal dispute.

Mother of the Sultan

Per custom, Gülbahar got the highest position in the imperial family after the sultan himself when her son, Bayezid ascended the throne in 1481 until her death in 1492. During her son's reign, she and the rest of the Imperial Family resided at the Old Palace (''saray-ı atik'') and were visited by the Sultan who on each visit used to pay his respect to his mother. In one case, Gülbahar complained of her son's rare visits and in a letter to her son wrote: Gülbahar had a considerable influence over Bayezid, for she used to make evaluations about the situation of some statesmen. Bayezid also valued his mother's words. In a letter written to him, she advises him against Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, but favours his tutor Ayas Pasha and Hizirbeyoğlu Mehmed Pasha. In 1485, Bayezid endowed a mosque, and a school in Tokat in the memory of Gülbahar Hatun.

Death

Gülbahar Hatun died in 1492, and was buried in

Fatih Mosque, Istanbul The large Fatih Mosque ( tr, Fatih Camii, "Conqueror's Mosque" in English) is an Ottoman mosque off Fevzi Paşa Caddesi in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. The original mosque was constructed between 1463 and 1470 on the site of the C ...

. The tomb was damaged in the

1766 Istanbul earthquake The 1766 Istanbul earthquake was a strong earthquake with epicenter in the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, in the Çınarcık Basin (or near the Princes' Islands, north of the basin) which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 M ...

, and was rebuilt in 1767–1768.

Issue

, Gülbahar Hatun had at least a daughter and a son: *

(1446 - 1514). Married at least one time, she had a son. *

(3 December 1447, Didymoteicho - 10 June 1512, Edirne). Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

In popular culture

*In the 2012 film, ''

Fetih 1453 ''Sultana Muhammad Fetih 1453'' ( ''The Conquest 1453'') is a 2012 Turkish epic action film directed by Faruk Aksoy and produced by Faruk Aksoy, Servet Aksoy and Ayşe Germen. Starring Devrim Evin, İbrahim Çelikkol and Dilek Serbest, the film is ...

'', Gülbahar Hatun is portrayed by Turkish actress Şahika Koldemir. *In the 2013 Turkish series ''

Fatih Fatih () is a district of and a municipality (''belediye'') in Istanbul, Turkey, and home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the governor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the co ...

'', Gülbahar Hatun is played by Turkish actress Seda Akman.

References

Sources

* *

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulbahar 15th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans 1434 births 1492 deaths Mehmed the Conqueror Valide sultan 15th-century Albanian people Albanians from the Ottoman Empire