''Gyraulus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small, mostly air-breathing,

freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...

s, aquatic

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the family Planorbidae, the

ram Ram, ram, or RAM may refer to: Animals * A male sheep * Ram cichlid, a freshwater tropical fish People * Ram (given name) * Ram (surname) * Ram (director) (Ramsubramaniam), an Indian Tamil film director * RAM (musician) (born 1974), Dutch * ...

's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

to the present. Fossils attributed to ''Gyraulus'' sp. have been found in the lakebottom sediments of the

Yixian Formation The Yixian Formation (; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its ex ...

in China, dating to 125 million years ago.Pan, H. and Zhu, X. (2007). "Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropods from the Xiazhuang Formation in North China." ''Cretaceous Research'', 28(2): 215-224. The minute species '' Gyraulus crista'', although technically a pulmonate gastropod, does not use air for respiration, but instead has a mantle cavity which has much water.

Distribution

The distribution of this genus is

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region ...

Habitat

These snail snails live on water plants in freshwater.

Shell description

Shell of the species within this genus are small, and are mostly almost planispiral in their coiling.

Species

Species within the genus ''Gyraulus'' include: subgenus ''

Armiger In heraldry, an armiger is a person entitled to use a heraldic achievement (e.g., bear arms, an "armour-bearer") either by hereditary right, grant, matriculation, or assumption of arms. Such a person is said to be armigerous. A family or a cl ...

'' W. Hartmann, 1843 * '' Gyraulus crista'' (Linnaeus, 1758) - Nautilus ramshorn * † ''

Gyraulus cristaeformis ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils ...

'' (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) * † '' Gyraulus decorus'' (Roshka, 1973) * † '' Gyraulus geniculatus'' (Sandberger, 1875) * † '' Gyraulus gracilis'' (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) * † '' Gyraulus lenapalus'' (Bourguignat, 1881) * † '' Gyraulus lluecai'' (Royo Gómez, 1922) * † '' Gyraulus nautiliformis'' (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) * † '' Gyraulus subptychophorus'' (Halaváts, 1903) subgenus '' Carinogyraulus'' Polinski, 1929: represented as ''Gyraulus'' subgenus ''Gyraulus'' Charpentier, 1837 * † '' Gyraulus aegaeus'' Willmann, 1981 * † ''

Gyraulus bachmayeri ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils ...

'' Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 * † ''

Gyraulus bigueti ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils ...

'' (Fontannes, 1881) * † ''

Gyraulus brlici ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils ...

'' Brusina, 1897 * † ''

Gyraulus brusinai ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils ...

'' (Lörenthey, 1894) * '' Gyraulus chinensis'' (Dunker, 1848)"''Gyraulus''"

Fauna Europaea Fauna Europaea is a database of the scientific names and distribution of all living multicellular European land and fresh-water animals. It serves as a standard taxonomic source for animal taxonomy within the Pan-European Species directories Infras ...

, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011. * † '' Gyraulus connivens'' (Eichwald, 1830) * † '' Gyraulus constans'' (Brusina, 1884) * † '' Gyraulus dalmaticus'' (Brusina, 1884) * † '' Gyraulus deflexus'' (Sandberger, 1859) * † '' Gyraulus dimitrovici'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus doseni'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus formosus'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus fragilis'' (Pavlović, 1903) * † '' Gyraulus goussardianus'' (Noulet, 1854) * † '' Gyraulus hians'' (Rolle, 1860) * † '' Gyraulus hoernesi'' (Rolle, 1860) * † '' Gyraulus inornatus'' (Brusina, 1902) * '' Gyraulus ioanis'' Gloer & Pesic, 2007 * '' Gyraulus janinensis'' (Mousson, 1859) * † '' Gyraulus jukici'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus jurkovici'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus katurici'' (Brusina, 1897) * † '' Gyraulus kosovensis'' (Pavlović, 1903) * † '' Gyraulus lazici'' (Brusina, 1892) * † '' Gyraulus lendli'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus lineolatus'' (Brusina, 1878) * † '' Gyraulus lorentheyi'' (Brusina, 1902) * '' Gyraulus meierbrooki'' Gloer & Pesic, 2007 * † '' Gyraulus multicingulatus'' (Wenz, 1919) * † '' Gyraulus nematophorus'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus novaki'' (Brusina, 1897) * † '' Gyraulus nusici'' (Pavlović, 1903) * † '' Gyraulus oncostomus'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus orahovacensis'' (Pavlović, 1903) * † '' Gyraulus pachychilus'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus parvulus'' (Lörenthey, 1906) * † '' Gyraulus pavlovici'' (Brusina, 1893) * † '' Gyraulus phacecercus'' (Brusina, 1902) * ''

Gyraulus piscinarum ''Gyraulus piscinarum'' is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Planorbidae. The species is found in Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria, Turkey) and Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion ...

'' (Bourguignat, 1852) * † '' Gyraulus ponticus'' (Lörenthey, 1893) * † '' Gyraulus porcellaneus'' (Lörenthey, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus praeponticus'' (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890) * † '' Gyraulus ptychostomus'' (Brusina, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus rotella'' (Rousseau, 1842) * '' Gyraulus shasi'' Gloer & Pesic, 2007 * † '' Gyraulus sibinjensis'' (Brusina, 1897) * † '' Gyraulus slavonicus'' (Brusina, 1897) * † '' Gyraulus spratti'' (Forbes, 1845) * † '' Gyraulus stoppanii'' (Sacco, 1886) * ''

Gyraulus stroemi ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossi ...

'' (Westerlund, 1881) * † '' Gyraulus subverticillus'' (Oppenheim, 1919) * † '' Gyraulus sulfureus'' (Royo Gómez, 1922) * † '' Gyraulus tenuistriatus'' (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899) * † '' Gyraulus tetracarinatus'' (Pavlović, 1903) * † '' Gyraulus virgatus'' (Ludwig, 1865) * † '' Gyraulus zoebeleini'' Schlickum & Strauch, 1974 subgenus '' Lamorbis'' Starobogatov, 1967: represented as ''Gyraulis'' subgenus '' Nautilinus'' Mousson, 1872 * '' Gyraulus clymene'' (Shuttleworth, 1852) subgenus '' Torquis'' Dall, 1905 * ''

Gyraulus laevis ''Gyraulus laevis'' is a small species of freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. Distribution Found mainly in the northern parts of Europe East to Siberia and north-east Asia. ...

'' (Alder, 1838)"''Torquis''"

, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011. subgenus ? * '' Gyraulus acronicus'' (Férussac, 1807) * † '' Gyraulus albertanus'' (Clessin, 1877) * '' Gyraulus albidus'' Radoman, 1953 * '' Gyraulus albus'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) - White ramshorn * † '' Gyraulus alienus'' (Rolle, 1862) * † '' Gyraulus andrussovi'' (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969) * † '' Gyraulus applanatus'' (Thomä, 1845) * '' Gyraulus argaeicus'' (Sturany, 1904) * † '' Gyraulus arminiensis'' Jekelius, 1932 * † '' Gyraulus atkinsoni'' (Johnston, 1879) * † '' Gyraulus bakonicus'' (Halaváts, 1903) * '' Gyraulus bekaensis'' Glöer & Bössneck, 2007 Glöer P. & Bössneck U. (2007). "Zur Identität von ''Gyraulus piscinarum'' (Bourguignat, 1852) mit der Beschreibung von ''G. bekaensis'' n. sp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". ''Mollusca'' 25(2): 139-146
PDF
/ref> * '' Gyraulus biwaensis'' (Preston, 1916) * † '' Gyraulus bondartchuki'' (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974) * ''

Gyraulus borealis ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossi ...

'' (Lovén in Westerlund, 1875) * † '' Gyraulus chaenostomus'' (Brusina, 1902) * '' Gyraulus chinensis'' (Dunker, 1848) * † '' Gyraulus circumstriatus'' (Tryon, 1866) * '' Gyraulus convexiusculus'' * '' Gyraulus corinna'' (Gray, 1850) * † '' Gyraulus costatus'' (Klein, 1846) * '' Gyraulus costulatus'' (Krauss, 1848)Appleton C., Ghamizi M., Jørgensen A., Kristensen T. K., Lange C., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009)
''Gyraulus costulatus''
In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. . Downloaded on 21 March 2011 * '' Gyraulus crenophilus'' Hubendick & Radoman, 1959"''Carinogyraulus''"

, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011. * † '' Gyraulus crescens'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus cryptornatus'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * † '' Gyraulus dealbatus'' (Braun in Walchner, 1851) * '' Gyraulus deflectus'

* † '' Gyraulus denudatus'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus distortus'' (Hyatt, 1880) * † '' Gyraulus doricus'' (Bukowski, 1896) * '' Gyraulus edgbastonensis'' D. S. Brown, 2001 * † '' Gyraulus edlaueri'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * '' Gyraulus egirdirensis'' Glöer & Girod, 2013 * † Gyraulus ehrenbergi (Beck, 1837) * '' Gyraulus elenae'' Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013 * '' Gyraulus essingtonensis'' (E. A. Smith, 1882) * '' Gyraulus eugyne'' Meier-Brook, 1983 * '' Gyraulus euphraticus'' (Mousson, 1874) * '' Gyraulus fontinalis'' Hubendick & Radoman, 1959 * † '' Gyraulus fuchsi'' (Lörenthey, 1902) * † '' Gyraulus geminus'' (Brusina, 1897) * '' Gyraulus gilberti (''Dunker, 1848) * † '' Gyraulus globosus'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) * '' Gyraulus hebraicus'' (Bourguignat, 1852) * † '' Gyraulus helicophantoides'' (Pavlović, 1927) * † '' Gyraulus homalosomus'' (Brusina, 1902) * '' Gyraulus homsensis'' (Dautzenberg, 1894) * '' Gyraulus hornensis'' F. C. Baker, 1934 * ''

Gyraulus huwaizahensis ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils ...

'' Glôer & Naser, 2005 * '' Gyraulus ioanis'' Glöer & Pešić, 2007 * '' Gyraulus janinensis'' (Mousson, 1859) * '' Gyraulus kahuica'' (Finlay & Laws, 1931) * † '' Gyraulus kleini'' (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) * '' Gyraulus kosiensis'' Glöer & Bössneck, 2013 * † '' Gyraulus krohi'' Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014 * ''

'' (Alder, 1838) * † '' Gyraulus ludovici'' (Noulet, 1854) * '' Gyraulus luguhuensis'' Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013 * '' Gyraulus lychnidicus'' Hesse, 1928 * † '' Gyraulus marinkovici'' (Brusina, 1892) * † '' Gyraulus matraensis'' Gál et al., 1999 † * ''

Gyraulus mauritianus ''Gyraulus mauritianus'' is a species of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snail, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. This species is endemic to Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: M ...

'' (Morelet, 1876)Brown D. S. (1996)
''Gyraulus mauritianus''2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Downloaded on 7 August 2007. * '' Gyraulus meierbrooki'' Glöer & Pešić, 2007 * † '' Gyraulus micromphalus'' (Fuchs, 1870) * † '' Gyraulus minutus'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus nedici'' (Brusina, 1902) * '' Gyraulus nedyalkovi'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2012 * † '' Gyraulus oecsensis'' Wenz, 1919 * † '' Gyraulus okrugljakensis'' Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 † * † '' Gyraulus oxystoma'' (Klein, 1846) * '' Gyraulus pamphylicus'' Glöer & Rähle, 2009 * ''

Gyraulus parvus ''Gyraulus parvus'' is a species of freshwater snail in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. It is known by the common name ash gyro. * ''

'' (Bourguignat, 1852) * † '' Gyraulus platystomus'' Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?) * † '' Gyraulus popovici'' (Pavlović, 1927) * † '' Gyraulus primiformis'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * † '' Gyraulus protectus'' Jekelius, 1944 * † '' Gyraulus protocrescens'' Nützel & Bandel, 1993 * † '' Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * † '' Gyraulus pseudotenuis'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus ptycophorus'' (Brusina, 1892) * † '' Gyraulus pulici'' (Brusina, 1897) * † ''

Gyraulus quadrangulus ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, Aquatic animal, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the sheep, ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to ...

'' (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) * † '' Gyraulus rasseri'' Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014† * † '' Gyraulus revertens'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus rhytidophorus'' (Brusina, 1902) * '' Gyraulus riparius''"''Lamorbis''"

, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011. * ''

Gyraulus rossmaessleri ''Gyraulus rossmaessleri'' is a small species of freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. Distribution The distribution of this species is Holarctic. It occurs in countries an ...

'' (Auerswald, 1852) * '' Gyraulus stankovici'' Hadzisce, 1955 * '' Gyraulus rotula'' (Benson, 1850) * † '' Gyraulus rotundistomus'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * † '' Gyraulus rotundostomus'' Nützel & Bandel, 1993 * † '' Gyraulus rumanus'' Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932 * † '' Gyraulus sabljari'' (Brusina, 1892) * † '' Gyraulus sachsenhoferi'' Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012 * † '' Gyraulus seibersdorfensis'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * '' Gyraulus shasi'' Glöer & Pešić, 2007 * '' Gyraulus sivalensis'' (Clessin, 1884) * † '' Gyraulus soceni'' Jekelius, 1944 * † '' Gyraulus solenoeides'' (Lörenthey, 1902) * '' Gyraulus spirillus'' (Gould, 1859) * '' Gyraulus stankovici'' Hadžišče, 1953 * † '' Gyraulus steinheimensis (''Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus subhemistoma'' (d'Orbigny, 1852) * † '' Gyraulus sulcatus'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus supremus'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus symmetricus'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * '' Gyraulus taseviensis'' Glöer & Girod, 2013 * '' Gyraulus terekholicus'' (Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997) * '' Gyraulus terraesacrae'' Rensch, 1934 * '' Gyraulus tokyoensis'' (Mori, 1938) * '' Gyraulus transsylvanicus'' (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) † * '' Gyraulus trapezoides'' Polinski, 1929 * † '' Gyraulus triquetrus'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † '' Gyraulus trochiformis'' (Stahl, 1824) * † '' Gyraulus trolli'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) * † '' Gyraulus turislavicus'' Jekelius, 1944 * Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847) * † '' Gyraulus vermicularis'' (Stoliczka, 1862) * † '' Gyraulus verticillus'' (Brusina, 1892) * † '' Gyraulus vrapceanus'' Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 * '' Gyraulus waterhousei'' (Clessin, 1885) * † '' Gyraulus zemendorfensis'' (Sauerzopf, 1953) ;Species inquirenda: * ''

Gyraulus acutus ''Gyraulus'' is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The genus ''Gyraulus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossi ...

'' Clessin, 1907 * ''Gyraulus percarinatus'' Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Gyraulus deformis'' Hartmann, 1844: synonym of '' Gyraulus acronicus'' (Férussac, 1807) * † ''Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus'' (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † '' Gyraulus applanatus'' (Thomä, 1845) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus'' var. ''ludovici'' (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † '' Gyraulus ludovici'' (Noulet, 1854) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini'' var. ''aequeumbilicatus'' (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † '' Gyraulus kleini'' (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis'' kleini var. ''subinvolutus'' Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † '' Gyraulus kleini'' (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis'' kleini var. ''subkleini'' Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † '' Gyraulus kleini'' (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis'' var. ''parvus'' (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † '' Gyraulus steinheimensis'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma'' var. ''teres'' (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † '' Gyraulus minutus'' ( Hilgendorf, 1867) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma'' var. ''triquetrus'' (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † '' Gyraulus triquetrus ('' Hilgendorf, 1867) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis'' var. ''elegans'' (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † '' Gyraulus trochiformis'' (Stahl, 1824) * † ''Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis'' var. ''turbiniformis'' (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † '' Gyraulus trochiformis'' (Stahl, 1824)

References

External links

BioLib taxonomy info''Gyraulus'' images
at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

{{Taxonbar, from=Q616746