Gustav Bychowski (in Polish, Gustaw Bychowski, born 1895 in
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
,
Congress Poland
Congress Poland, Congress Kingdom of Poland, or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It w ...
, died April 3, 1972, in
Fez
Fez most often refers to:
* Fez (hat), a type of felt hat commonly worn in the Ottoman Empire
* Fez, Morocco (or Fes), the second largest city of Morocco
Fez or FEZ may also refer to:
Media
* ''Fez'' (Frank Stella), a 1964 painting by the moder ...
,
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
) was a Polish-American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author. he was the son of the distinguished neurologist
Shneor Zalman Bychowski (1865-1934). He studied for a medical degree at the
University of Zurich and studied psychiatry at
Burghölzli
The ''Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich'' (Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich) is a psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. As a research hospital, it is associated with the University of Zürich. It is also called Burghölzli, after th ...
, the University of Zurich's psychiatric hospital. He then studied psychoanalysis under
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies explained as originatin ...
in
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
before moving back to Warsaw in 1921 and translating Freud's ''
Introduction to Psychoanalysis'' into Polish.
During his career, he wrote a large number of books on psychoanalysis including ''Evil in Man: The Anatomy of Hate and Violence'' and ''Dictators and Disciples from Caesar to Stalin''. The latter looks specifically at
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...
,
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three Ki ...
,
Maximilien Robespierre
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Esta ...
,
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
and
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
.
The psychoanalyst Frank M. Lachmann describes Bychowski as not being a traditional Freudian: "Here was a Freudian analyst who was clearly more interested in connecting with the patient and finding areas of strength than in demonstrating how clever he could be in eliciting psychopathology". Lachmann writes that Bychowski eventually adopted similar views to that of
Heinz Kohut.
Amongst his patients was noted American filmmaker
James Toback.
Selected bibliography
* ''Specialized Techniques in Psychotherapy'' (ed. with J. Louise Despert), New York: Basic Books, 1952.
* ''Zur Psychopathologie der Brandstiftung''. Zurich: O. Fussli, 1919
* ''Zur Psychopathologie der Brandstiftung''. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 5, p. 29–55, 1919
* ''Űber das Fehlen der Wahmehmung der eigenen Blindheit bei zwei Kriegsverletzten''. Neurologisches Centralblatt 39, p. 354–357, 1920
* ''Wissenschaft und Anthroposophie. Bemerkungen zum Aufsatz von Glaus ueber die anthroposophischen Kurse in Dornach''. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift 16, p. 377–378, 1921
* ''Autismus und Regression in modernen Kunstbestrebungen''. Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie und psychisch-gerichtliche Medicin 78, s. 102–121, 1922
* ''Eine Gesichtsillusion als Ausdruck der ambivalenten Ubertragung''. Int. Zsch. Psychoanal. 8, p. 337–339, 1922
*
*
* ''Zur Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen der Psyche und dem weiblichen Genitalsystem''. Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 59, p. 209–214, 1925
*
Schizofrenja w świetle psychoanalizy'. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 5, p. 49–78, 1927
* ''W sprawie psychoterapji schizofrenji''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 8, p. 57–69, 1928
* ''Űber Psychotherapie der Schizophrenie''. Der Nervenarzt 1(8), p. 478–487, 1928
* ''Słowacki i jego dusza. Studium psychoanalityczne''. Warszawa-Kraków: Wydawnictwo J. Mortkowicza, 1930
* ''O wychowaniu seksualnem''. Warszawa: Polskie Towarzystwo Eugeniczne, 1930
* ''Marcel Proust als Dichter der psychologischen Analyse''. Psychoanal. Bewegung 4, s. 323–344, 1932
* ''O pewnych zagadnieniach schizofrenji w świetle patologji mózgowej''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 21, p. 28–44, 1933
* ''Psychoanaliza na usługach wychowania dzieci moralnie zaniedbanych''. Szkoła Specjalna 11 (2/4), 1934/1935
* ''Przestępca w świetle psychoanalizy''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 24, p. 30–52, 1935
*
Certain Problems of Schizophrenia in the Light of Cerebral Pathology'. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 81 (3), p. 280–298, 1935
* ''O legastenji'', 1935
* ''Zasady analizy psychiatrycznej zaburzeń ogniskowych''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 25, 110–134, 1936
*
Rozmowa z Freudem'. Wiadomości Literackie 20 (652), p. 4, 10.4.1936
* Bychowski G., Kaczyński M., Konopka C., Szczytt K. ''Doświadczenia i dotychczasowe wyniki leczenia insuliną chorób psychicznych''. Rocznik Psychiatryczny 28, s. 105–135, 1936
* ''Frontalsyndrome und Parietookzipitalsyndrome''. Jahrbücher für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 54, p. 283–311, 1937
* ''O diencefalozach''. Warszawskie Czasopismo Lekarskie 15 (5, 6), 1938
*
Physiology of schizophrenic thinking'. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 98, p. 368–386, 1942
* ''The spiritual background of Hitlerism''. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology 4, p. 579–598, 1942
*
Disorders In The Body-image In The Clinical Pictures Of Psychoses'. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 97(3), p. 310–335, 1943.
* ''Some aspects of shock therapy: the structure of psychosis''. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 102, p. 338–356, 1945
* ''Dictators and Disciples from Caesar to Stalin; A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of History''. New York: International Universities Press, 1948
* ''On neurotic obesity''. Psychoanalytic Review 37, p. 301–319, 1950
* ''Psychotherapy of Psychosis''. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1952
* ''Specialized Techniques in Psychotherapy''. New York: Basic Books, 1952
* ''Obsessive compulsive façade in schizophrenia''.
International Journal of Psychoanalysis 47, p. 189–197, 1966
* ''Evil in Man: The Anatomy of Hate and Violence''. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1968
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bychowski, Gustav
1895 births
American psychiatrists
Physicians from Warsaw
Polish emigrants to the United States
American psychoanalysts
Jewish psychoanalysts
University of Zurich alumni
1972 deaths
Analysands of Siegfried Bernfeld
Translators of Sigmund Freud
Polish psychiatrists
20th-century American psychologists