Gustav Bychowski (in Polish, Gustaw Bychowski, born 1895 in

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, died April 3, 1972, in

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) was a Polish-American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author. he was the son of the distinguished neurologist Shneor Zalman Bychowski (1865-1934). He studied for a medical degree at the University of Zurich and studied psychiatry at

Burghölzli The ''Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich'' (Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich) is a psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. As a research hospital, it is associated with the University of Zürich. It is also called Burghölzli, after th ...

, the University of Zurich's psychiatric hospital. He then studied psychoanalysis under

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies explained as originatin ...

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before moving back to Warsaw in 1921 and translating Freud's '' Introduction to Psychoanalysis'' into Polish. During his career, he wrote a large number of books on psychoanalysis including ''Evil in Man: The Anatomy of Hate and Violence'' and ''Dictators and Disciples from Caesar to Stalin''. The latter looks specifically at

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three Ki ...

Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Esta ...

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...

and

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

. The psychoanalyst Frank M. Lachmann describes Bychowski as not being a traditional Freudian: "Here was a Freudian analyst who was clearly more interested in connecting with the patient and finding areas of strength than in demonstrating how clever he could be in eliciting psychopathology". Lachmann writes that Bychowski eventually adopted similar views to that of Heinz Kohut. Amongst his patients was noted American filmmaker James Toback.

Selected bibliography

* ''Specialized Techniques in Psychotherapy'' (ed. with J. Louise Despert), New York: Basic Books, 1952. * ''Zur Psychopathologie der Brandstiftung''. Zurich: O. Fussli, 1919 * ''Zur Psychopathologie der Brandstiftung''. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 5, p. 29–55, 1919 * ''Űber das Fehlen der Wahmehmung der eigenen Blindheit bei zwei Kriegsverletzten''. Neurologisches Centralblatt 39, p. 354–357, 1920 * ''Wissenschaft und Anthroposophie. Bemerkungen zum Aufsatz von Glaus ueber die anthroposophischen Kurse in Dornach''. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift 16, p. 377–378, 1921 * ''Autismus und Regression in modernen Kunstbestrebungen''. Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie und psychisch-gerichtliche Medicin 78, s. 102–121, 1922 * ''Eine Gesichtsillusion als Ausdruck der ambivalenten Ubertragung''. Int. Zsch. Psychoanal. 8, p. 337–339, 1922 * * * ''Zur Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen der Psyche und dem weiblichen Genitalsystem''. Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 59, p. 209–214, 1925 *
Schizofrenja w świetle psychoanalizy
'. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 5, p. 49–78, 1927 * ''W sprawie psychoterapji schizofrenji''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 8, p. 57–69, 1928 * ''Űber Psychotherapie der Schizophrenie''. Der Nervenarzt 1(8), p. 478–487, 1928 * ''Słowacki i jego dusza. Studium psychoanalityczne''. Warszawa-Kraków: Wydawnictwo J. Mortkowicza, 1930 * ''O wychowaniu seksualnem''. Warszawa: Polskie Towarzystwo Eugeniczne, 1930 * ''Marcel Proust als Dichter der psychologischen Analyse''. Psychoanal. Bewegung 4, s. 323–344, 1932 * ''O pewnych zagadnieniach schizofrenji w świetle patologji mózgowej''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 21, p. 28–44, 1933 * ''Psychoanaliza na usługach wychowania dzieci moralnie zaniedbanych''. Szkoła Specjalna 11 (2/4), 1934/1935 * ''Przestępca w świetle psychoanalizy''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 24, p. 30–52, 1935 *
Certain Problems of Schizophrenia in the Light of Cerebral Pathology
'. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 81 (3), p. 280–298, 1935 * ''O legastenji'', 1935 * ''Zasady analizy psychiatrycznej zaburzeń ogniskowych''. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 25, 110–134, 1936 *
Rozmowa z Freudem
'. Wiadomości Literackie 20 (652), p. 4, 10.4.1936 * Bychowski G., Kaczyński M., Konopka C., Szczytt K. ''Doświadczenia i dotychczasowe wyniki leczenia insuliną chorób psychicznych''. Rocznik Psychiatryczny 28, s. 105–135, 1936 * ''Frontalsyndrome und Parietookzipitalsyndrome''. Jahrbücher für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 54, p. 283–311, 1937 * ''O diencefalozach''. Warszawskie Czasopismo Lekarskie 15 (5, 6), 1938 *
Physiology of schizophrenic thinking
'. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 98, p. 368–386, 1942 * ''The spiritual background of Hitlerism''. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology 4, p. 579–598, 1942 *
Disorders In The Body-image In The Clinical Pictures Of Psychoses
'. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 97(3), p. 310–335, 1943. * ''Some aspects of shock therapy: the structure of psychosis''. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 102, p. 338–356, 1945 * ''Dictators and Disciples from Caesar to Stalin; A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of History''. New York: International Universities Press, 1948 * ''On neurotic obesity''. Psychoanalytic Review 37, p. 301–319, 1950 * ''Psychotherapy of Psychosis''. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1952 * ''Specialized Techniques in Psychotherapy''. New York: Basic Books, 1952 * ''Obsessive compulsive façade in schizophrenia''. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 47, p. 189–197, 1966 * ''Evil in Man: The Anatomy of Hate and Violence''. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1968

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bychowski, Gustav 1895 births American psychiatrists Physicians from Warsaw Polish emigrants to the United States American psychoanalysts Jewish psychoanalysts University of Zurich alumni 1972 deaths Analysands of Siegfried Bernfeld Translators of Sigmund Freud Polish psychiatrists 20th-century American psychologists