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The Thermaic Gulf (), also called the Gulf of Salonika and the Macedonian Gulf, is a gulf constituting the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. The city of Thessaloniki is at its northeastern tip, and it is bounded by Pieria Imathia and
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To the Romans, the gulf was also known as ''Thermaicus'' or ''Thermaeus sinus'' ("Gulf of Therma") and as ''Macedonicus sinus'' ("The Gulf of Macedon", or "The
Larissa
Larissa (; el, Λάρισα, , ) is the capital and largest city of the Thessaly region in Greece. It is the fifth-most populous city in Greece with a population of 144,651 according to the 2011 census. It is also capital of the Larissa regiona ...
on the west and the Chalkidiki peninsula on the east, with Cape Kassandra at the southeasternmost corner. It is named after the ancient town of Therma, modern Thessaloniki. It is about long.
By narrower definitions, the Thermaic Gulf is bounded on the west by the line from the mouth of the Vardar or Axios to Cape Megalo Embolo Cape Megalo Embolo ( el, Μεγάλο έμβολο, 'Great Point') or Karaburnu (Turkish 'Black Cape'), probably the ancient Aeneium or Aineion ( grc, Αἰνειῶν), is a cape southwest of Thessaloniki, Greece, located next to the village of Ang ...
, making it about long; while the smaller Gulf of Salonica is bounded by a line running from the mouth of the Gallikos to Mikro Emvolo
Mikro Emvolo (), also called Karabournaki (Καραμπουρνάκι), is the cape of Kalamaria in northeastern Thessaloniki and a district of the local municipality. Its name comes from ''kara burun'' in Turkish, meaning 'black peninsula'.''c ...
.Malamut Elisabeth, Grélois Jean-Pierre, "Le port de Thessalonique (IVe-XVIe siècles)", ''Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public'' 35:131-147, La Rochelle, 2004. "Ports maritimes et ports fluviaux au Moyen Age."full text
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To the Romans, the gulf was also known as ''Thermaicus'' or ''Thermaeus sinus'' ("Gulf of Therma") and as ''Macedonicus sinus'' ("The Gulf of Macedon", or "The Macedonian
Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia.
Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to:
People Modern
* Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with North M ...
Gulf"). One of its modern names is the "Gulf of Salonica", named after the city of Thessaloniki which sprawls around and along the northeastern coast of the gulf.
Places that lie on the gulf include Sani, Kassandreia, ancient Potidaea
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Potidaea (; grc, Ποτίδαια, ''Potidaia'', also Ποτείδαια, ''Poteidaia'') was a colony founded by the Corinthians around 600 BC in the narrowest point of the peninsula of Pallene, the westernmost of three peninsulas at ...
, Nea Moudania, Agia Triada, Neoi Epivates, Peraia, Kalochori, Methoni, Pydna, Paralia Katerinis, Olympiaki Akti
Olympiaki Akti ( el, Ολυμπιακή Ακτή, ''Olympiakí Aktí'', canonical name) has translation into English as Olympic Beach, Olympic Coast, also still domestically known with its initial name Katerinoskala (Greek: Κατερινόσκα ...
, Alexandrini
Alexandrini ( el, Αλεξανδρινή, ) is a village of the Agia municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Evrymenes. The 2011 census recorded 161 inhabitants in the village and 244 in the comm ...
, Koutsoupia
Melivoia (Greek language, Greek: Μελίβοια) is a town and a former Communities and Municipalities of Greece, municipality in the Larissa (regional unit), Larissa regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is p ...
and Stomio (Larissa). The rivers emptying into the gulf are the Pineios, Aliakmon
The Haliacmon ( el, Αλιάκμονας, ''Aliákmonas''; formerly: , ''Aliákmon'' or ''Haliákmōn'') is the longest river flowing entirely in Greece, with a total length of . In Greece there are three rivers longer than Haliakmon, Maritsa ( el ...
, Loudias
The Loudias ( el, Λουδίας) or Lydias (Λυδίας), popularly called Mavroneri (Μαυρονέρι, "Blackwater", from its Ottoman Turkish name ''Kara Asmak'' قره آصماق) is a river in Central Macedonia that flows through the r ...
, Gallikos and Axios/Vardar; several streams including one near Pydna also empty into the gulf. The Thermaic Gulf was significantly larger in classical times, with many ancient seaside cities (e.g. Pella) are now found several kilometers inland. The extensive silting mainly affects the northern and western parts of the gulf, which receive the bulk of alluvial outflow. The gulf is home to many famous, pristine beaches, which include Sani Beach. However, there are no beaches on the northwest coast, where wetlands stretch from Methone (northwest coast) to Thessaloniki's western suburb of Kalochori.
The Port of Thessaloniki is the gulf's largest and busiest port, while another twelve small ports provide sea transport in, out and around the Thermaic gulf. Major road networks of northern Greece such as the A1/ E75 motorway (Athens - Thessaloniki) encircles the western portion of the gulf, while the A25 (Thessaloniki - Nea Moudania motorway) almost encircles the eastern part of it.
References
Gulfs of the Aegean Sea Gulfs of Greece Geography of ancient Chalcidice Geography of ancient Mygdonia Bottiaea Geography of ancient Pieria Thessaloniki Landforms of Thessaloniki (regional unit) Landforms of Central Macedonia Landforms of Pieria (regional unit) Landforms of Imathia Landforms of Chalkidiki {{Marine-geo-stub