Guarda () is a city and a municipality in the
District of Guarda
The district of Guarda ( pt, Distrito de Guarda ) is located in the Centro Region of Portugal, except Vila Nova de Foz Côa, which is in the Norte Region. The district capital and most populous city is Guarda.
Municipalities
The district conta ...
and the capital of the
Beiras e Serra da Estrela
The Comunidade Intermunicipal das Beiras e Serra da Estrela () is an administrative division in eastern Portugal. It was created in 2013. Since January 2015, Beiras e Serra da Estrela is also a NUTS3 subregion of Centro Region
The Central Region ...
sub-region in
central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
Portugal. The population in 2021 was 40,126, in an area of
with 31,224 inhabitants in the city proper in 2006.
Founded by King
Sancho I in 1199, Guarda is the city located at the highest altitude in Portugal (
a.s.l.) and one of the most important cities in the Portuguese region of
Beira Alta.
Serra da Estrela
Serra da Estrela () is the highest mountain range in Continental Portugal. Together with the Serra da Lousã it is the westernmost constituent range of the Sistema Central and also one of the highest in the system. It includes mainland Portugal's ...
, the highest mountain range in continental Portugal, is partially located in the district. The city is served by national and international trains on the Beira Alta and Baixa railway lines. The present mayor is Sérgio Costa, as an indepdent. The municipal holiday is
November 27
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han.
* 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the ...
.
Guarda is known as the "city of the five F's": ''Farta'', ''Forte'', ''Fria'', ''Fiel'' e ''Formosa'' - abundant (or totally satisfied), strong, cold, loyal and beautiful. The explanation of the five F's is as follows:
*Farta (abundant), due to the fertility of the lands of the
Mondego River
The Rio Mondego () or Mondego River is the longest river entirely within Portuguese territory. It has its source in Serra da Estrela, the highest mountain range in mainland Portugal (i.e. excluding the Portuguese islands). It runs from the Go ...
valley;
*Forte (strong), because the castle tower, the walls and its geographical location demonstrate its strength;
*Fria (cold), due to its proximity to
Serra da Estrela
Serra da Estrela () is the highest mountain range in Continental Portugal. Together with the Serra da Lousã it is the westernmost constituent range of the Sistema Central and also one of the highest in the system. It includes mainland Portugal's ...
;
*Fiel (loyal), because the Captain General of the Castle Guard,
Álvaro Gil Cabral,
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Pedro Álvares Cabral ( or ; born Pedro Álvares de Gouveia; c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. He was the first human in ...
's great-great-grandfather, refused to hand over the keys to the city to the King of Castile during the
Crisis of 1383-1385 and still had the strength to participate in the
Battle of Aljubarrota
The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of Engli ...
;
*Formosa (beautiful), for the natural beauty of the urban nucleus.
Geography
Guarda is the largest city in its district, capital of the
Guarda District
The district of Guarda ( pt, Distrito de Guarda ) is located in the Centro Region of Portugal, except Vila Nova de Foz Côa, which is in the Norte Region. The district capital and most populous city is Guarda.
Municipalities
The district conta ...
and the
Beira Interior Norte Subregion
Beira Interior Norte () is a former Portuguese subregion (NUTS level 3) in the Centro Region. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision.Centro Region
The Central Region ( pt, Região do Centro, ) or Central Portugal is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Caldas da Rainha, Leiria, Castelo Branco, ...
. The municipality is bordered by
Pinhel
Pinhel () is a municipality, former Catholic bishopric and present Latin titular see in the central subregion of Beira Interior Norte, in Portugal. The municipality population in 2011 was 9,627, in an area of 484.52 km2. The urban centre of P ...
to the north, to the east by
Almeida, to the southeast by
Sabugal
Sabugal () is a city and a municipality in the District of Guarda, Portugal. A border municipality with Spain, the population of the municipality in 2011 was 12,544, in an area of 822.70 km2. The city proper, located along the Côa river, has ...
, to the south by
Belmonte and
Covilhã
Covilhã () is a city and a municipality in the Centro region, Portugal. The city proper had 34,772 inhabitants in 2001. The municipality population in 2011 was 51,797, in an area of . It is located in the Beiras e Serra da Estrela subregion and B ...
, to the west by
Manteigas
Manteigas () is a town and a municipality in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,430, in an area of .
The municipality is located in Guarda District; in Centro Region and Beira Interior Norte Subregion. It is located in the Serra da Estrela Mou ...
and
Gouveia, and to the northwest by
Celorico da Beira
Celorico da Beira () is a municipality in Guarda District in Portugal. The municipality population in 2011 was 7,693,[Serra da Estrela
Serra da Estrela () is the highest mountain range in Continental Portugal. Together with the Serra da Lousã it is the westernmost constituent range of the Sistema Central and also one of the highest in the system. It includes mainland Portugal's ...]
(the largest mountain in mainland Portugal). The main attraction in Guarda is its cathedral, known as the
Sé da Guarda
The Cathedral of Guarda ( pt, Catedral da Guarda, Sé da Guarda) is a Catholic church located in the northeastern city of Guarda, Portugal. Its construction took from 1390 until the mid 16th century, combining Gothic and Manueline architectural s ...
. Guarda is a diocese of the same name.
Guarda railway station is served by the railway line ''Linha da Beira Alta'', with international services towards Salamanca and Madrid, and domestic services to Pinhel, Vila Franca das Naves/Trancoso, Celorico da Beira, Gouveia, Nelas, Carregal do Sal, Santa Comba Dão, Mortagua, Luso/Buçaco and Pampilhosa. The station at Guarda has (2013) eighteen daily arrivals and departures of passenger trains and there is a small freight terminal. The section of the Linha da Beira Baixa which runs from Guarda through Belmonte/Sabugal, Covilhã, Fundão, Castelo Branco and Abrantes to Entroncamento is operating again, having been closed in 2010 between Guarda and Covilhã.
The main motorways are A25 (Aveiro, Viseu, Guarda, Vilar Formoso) and A23 (Guarda, Covilhã, Fundão, Castelo Branco, Abrantes, Torres Novas). Numerous motorcoach (long distance bus) services use these motorways to link Guarda with Porto, Lisbon and other Portuguese cities.
Guarda is the antipode to
Pūponga
The tiny settlement of Pūponga in New Zealand is the northernmost settlement in the South Island. It is in the Tasman District
Tasman District () is a local government district in the northwest of the South Island of New Zealand. It borders ...
in
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
.
Climate
Guarda has a cool
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Csb'') with some
oceanic
Oceanic may refer to:
*Of or relating to the ocean
*Of or relating to Oceania
**Oceanic climate
**Oceanic languages
**Oceanic person or people, also called "Pacific Islander(s)"
Places
* Oceanic, British Columbia, a settlement on Smith Island, ...
influences. It has lower average temperatures than most climates of this subtype, in part due to its high altitude. Winters are cool and wet and summers are warm and dry. Out of all district capitals of Portugal, it is the one that experiences the most snowfall on average, averaging about 12 days per year.
Toponym
![Sé da Guarda e estátua de D](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/S%C3%A9_da_Guarda_e_est%C3%A1tua_de_D._Sancho_I.jpg)
For a long time historians believed that the
civitas Igaeditanorum
Idanha-a-Velha (Idanha "the old") is a village in the civil parish (''freguesia'') of Monsanto e Idanha-a-Velha, in the municipality of Idanha-a-Nova (Idanha "the new"), central eastern Portugal, and the site of ancient Egitânia, a former bishop ...
(Egitania) was located in Guarda, but more recently it has been established that this location was in
Idanha-a-Velha
Idanha-a-Velha (Idanha "the old") is a village in the civil parish (''freguesia'') of Monsanto e Idanha-a-Velha, in the municipality of Idanha-a-Nova (Idanha "the new"), central eastern Portugal, and the site of ancient Egitânia, a former bishop ...
, in
Beira Baixa. It was from here that the gentile "egitanian", in relation to the natives of the city, took root. Bordering the lands of the igaeditani, north of Guarda, were the lands of the Lancians Oppidani whose capital, the civitas Lancia Oppidana, was referred to as being located a short distance from the current location of Guarda. This theory was fiercely defended by General João de Almeida (influential Portuguese military man, hero of the African campaigns, native of Guarda), which has led some critics to disparage it. However, all the following investigations indicate its veracity. The place name "Guarda" may have been a derivation of a fortress overlooking the Mondego River, the
Castro
Castro is a Romance language word that originally derived from Latin ''castrum'', a pre-Roman military camp or fortification (cf: Greek: ''kastron''; Proto-Celtic:''*Kassrik;'' br, kaer, *kastro). The English-language equivalent is '' chester''.
...
Tintinolho, whose place was called "Ward" by the Visigoths.
History
Prehistory
There is evidence of a meteorite impact in the region, northeast of Guarda, with about 35 km in diameter. Some pre-
Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start ...
evidence (from the
Cambrian period
The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized C with bar, Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million ...
, the earliest
Phanerozoic epoch) is present.
From the Neolithic to the Christian Reconquest
![Torre de Menagem do Castelo da Guarda](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Torre_de_Menagem_do_Castelo_da_Guarda.jpg)
In the first centuries of the Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula, Lusitanian tribes lived in the Guarda region. These tribes included, namely, the Igaeditani, the Lancienses Oppidani, and the Transcudani. These peoples, united under a true federation, resisted Romanization for two centuries. Unlike the Latinized towns, these towns did not consume wine, but instead, acorn beer. His weapon of choice was the falcata: a curved sword, which easily broke Roman swords due to its metallurgical superiority. Their pagan gods also differed from the Romans. Some Lusitanian religious inscriptions can still be found in some sanctuaries such as Cabeço de Fráguas.
It is argued that the ancestral town of Castelos Velhos, from the Iron Age, was located in the current city of Guarda.
Although there are doubts about the place of birth, the Lusitanian warrior
Viriathus
Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania (as the Romans called it) or we ...
(hero of Portuguese history to the present day) could have been born in the Guarda region in the "Herminios Mountains", corresponding to the current
Serra da Estrela
Serra da Estrela () is the highest mountain range in Continental Portugal. Together with the Serra da Lousã it is the westernmost constituent range of the Sistema Central and also one of the highest in the system. It includes mainland Portugal's ...
. Other historians suggest that he may have been born closer to the Portuguese coast. His death by murder by traitors paid by
Caepio, Roman consul and military man who participated in the Lusitanian War, occurred in Cabeço de Fráguas, in the current municipality of Guarda, in 139 or 138 BC.
After Roman times, the period of occupation by the
Visigoths
The Visigoths (; la, Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were an early Germanic people who, along with the Ostrogoths, constituted the two major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in late antiquity, or what is ...
followed. Later, the region was occupied by the Islamic civilization and by the
Kingdom of Asturias
The Kingdom of Asturias ( la, Asturum Regnum; ast, Reinu d'Asturies) was a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius. It was the first Christian political entity established after the Umayyad conquest of V ...
. Only after the process of the Christian reconquest was its jurisdiction granted, which definitely confirmed the importance of the city and the region.
Burgundy dynasty
In 1199
Sancho I of Portugal
Sancho I of Portugal (), nicknamed "the Populator" ( pt, "o Povoador"), King of Portugal (Coimbra, 11 November 115426 March 1211) was the second but only surviving legitimate son and fifth child of Afonso I of Portugal by his wife, Maud of Savoy. ...
transferred the diocese of Egitania (modern day
Idanha-a-Velha
Idanha-a-Velha (Idanha "the old") is a village in the civil parish (''freguesia'') of Monsanto e Idanha-a-Velha, in the municipality of Idanha-a-Nova (Idanha "the new"), central eastern Portugal, and the site of ancient Egitânia, a former bishop ...
) to Guarda, while granting the city a charter that was based on the short charter of Salamanca. Situated high up, the city had a remarkable defensive and strategic importance. The Jewish quarter of the city, which already had some importance back in the 13th century among the communities of the kingdom of Portugal, was between 600 and 850 people in the 15th century, and hosted a significant number Jews expelled from Spain in 1492.
In 1202 the diocese of Guarda was created, transferred from Idanha, the ancient and important Egitanian Roman city, which was largely abandoned during the time of the invasions and wars against the Moors (Muslims), since, according to the legends, its situation on the border and its difficult location and defense exposed it to military attacks by Moors and Christians. The city of Guarda was founded in a place much easier to defend, which would allow it to be taken Idanha as the main post of Beira Interior.
The first Cathedral of Guarda was built in that same year, on the initiative of Bishop D. Martinho and with the support of King
Sancho I. However, a few years later, it would be transferred to another place inside the city gates, between the years 1208 and 1214. Between 1390 and 1396 the current
Cathedral of Guarda was built, at the initiative of Bishop D. Frei Vasco after the support granted by the king
John I John I may refer to:
People
* John I (bishop of Jerusalem)
* John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople
* John of Antioch (died 441)
* Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526
* John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna
* John I o ...
. The cathedral was later expanded between 1397 and 1426, between 1435 and 1458, and between 1504 and 1517.
King
Denis and Queen
Elizabeth
Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to:
People
* Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name)
* Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist
Ships
* HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships
* ''Elisabeth'' (sch ...
were in the Guarda region after their marriage, held on February 11, 1281 at the
Royal Palace of Barcelona. They were there between November 1281 and the end of July 1282, particularly in the town of
Trancoso. The king signed the "Customs of Guarda" which consisted of letters from King Denis regarding the appeals of the residents of the villages and farms under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the bishop, on the income of 1,100 pounds that the county leased to
Afonso,
count of Boulogne
Count of Boulogne was a historical title in the Kingdom of France. The city of Boulogne-sur-Mer became the centre of the county of Boulogne during the ninth century. Little is known of the early counts, but the first holder of the title is recor ...
, and also on the conflict that existed between the inhabitants of Vela and the inhabitants of Guarda (1311, 1315, 1321). There King Denis also prepared war with Castile, which would be resolved through the
Treaty of Alcañices
The Treaty of Alcañices ( pt, Tratado de Alcanizes; es, Tratado de Alcañices) was made in Alcañices between King Denis of Portugal and King Fernando IV of Castile in 1297.
Denis was the grandson of King Alfonso X of Castile and essentially an ...
. In 1282, King Denis held the first
Cortes de Guarda.
1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum and
House of Aviz
The House of Aviz (Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Casa de Avis''), also known as the Joanine Dynasty (''Dinastia Joanina''), was a dynasty of Portuguese people, Portuguese origin which flourished during the Portuguese Renaissance, Renaissance ...
![Pelourinho_da_Guarda_4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Pelourinho_da_Guarda_4.jpg)
In 1371, Denis granted in Guarda a "land of refuge" for the "humanized", who were the people convicted of murder, whom the king pardoned certain crimes or misdemeanors, with the aim that they would settle in the lands near borders. In 1383 a college for poor students was created in the city by Bishop Afonso Correia II, associated with the Episcopal school of Guarda, existing since (at least) the 13th century.
In 1465 King
Afonso V
Afonso V () (15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481), known by the sobriquet the African (), was King of Portugal from 1438 until his death in 1481, with a brief interruption in 1477. His sobriquet refers to his military conquests in Northern Africa ...
made new Courts in Guarda, where the judges of the Civil Chamber were forbidden to disembark facts related to the city of Lisbon and whose resolutions were exclusive powers of the king. In 1475, Prince John (future King
John II John II may refer to:
People
* John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499)
* John II Casimir Vasa of Poland (1609–1672)
* John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (died 1302)
* John II Doukas of Thessaly (1303–1318)
* John II Komnenos (1087–1 ...
) led a Council in Guarda to gather the troops that would participate in the
Battle of Toro
The Battle of Toro was part of the War of the Castilian Succession, fought on 1 March 1476, near the city of Toro, between the Castilian-Aragonese troops of the Catholic Monarchs and the Portuguese-Castilian forces of Afonso V and Prince John ...
, within the course of the
War of the Castilian Succession
The War of the Castilian Succession was the military conflict contested from 1475 to 1479 for the succession of the Crown of Castile fought between the supporters of Joanna 'la Beltraneja', reputed daughter of the late monarch Henry IV of Castile ...
. In the 90s of the 15th century, when the expulsion of the Jews from Spain happened, Guarda received new inhabitants for its Jewish community, who would bring a new life to commerce in this border area. In 1493, the born and resident of Guarda,
Rui de Pina
Rui (or Ruy) de Pina (1440–1522) was a Portuguese chronicler.
Biography
Rui (or Ruy) de Pina was a native of Guarda. He acted as secretary of the embassy sent by King John II of Portugal to Castile in the spring of 1482, and in the followin ...
, planned the
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas, ; pt, Tratado de Tordesilhas . signed in Tordesillas, Spain on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Emp ...
and set out on a diplomatic mission to Castile. In 1496 and 1497, during the reign of
Manuel I Manuel I may refer to:
* Manuel I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (1143–1180)
*Manuel I of Trebizond, Emperor of Trebizond (1228–1263)
*Manuel I of Portugal
Manuel I (; 31 May 146913 December 1521), known as the Fortunate ( pt, O Venturoso), wa ...
, the conversion or expulsion of the Jews was ordered, which led to the appearance of the so-called New Christians (or
Marrano
Marranos were Spanish and Portuguese Jews living in the Iberian Peninsula who converted or were Forced conversion#Spanish Inquisition, forced to convert to Christianity during the Middle Ages, but continued to Crypto-Judaism, practice Judaism i ...
s), and as well as the expulsion of the moors, dand or place to the appearance of
crypto-Judaism
Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; practitioners are referred to as "crypto-Jews" (origin from Greek ''kryptos'' – , 'hidden').
The term is especially applied historically to Sp ...
in the region. On October 22, 1536, the
Inquisition
The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, conducting trials of suspected heretics. Studies of the records have found that the overwhelming majority of sentences consisted of penances, ...
began, and the persecution against Hindus (in
Portuguese India
The State of India ( pt, Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (''Estado Português da Índia'', EPI) or simply Portuguese India (), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a se ...
), Muslims and Jews was launched. The persecutions were also launched in Guarda, particularly as of June 8, 1564, when authorization was given to D. Ambrosio Capelo, inquisitor of Guarda, to conduct the inquisition in the dioceses of Guarda and
Lamego
Lamego (; cel-x-proto, Lamecum) is a city and municipality in the Viseu District, in the Norte Region of the Douro in northern Portugal. Located on the shores of the Balsemão River, the municipality has a population of 26,691, in an area of 165 ...
.
Portuguese succession crisis of 1580
The Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 ( pt, Crise de sucessão de 1580) came about as a result of the deaths of young King Sebastian I of Portugal in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578 and his successor and great-uncle Henry I in 1580. As ...
![Paços do Concelho, Guarda](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Pa%C3%A7os_do_Concelho%2C_Guarda.jpg)
In 1580, during the course of the dynastic crisis of 1580, the Bishop of Guarda, D. João, took sides for the independence of Portugal and opposed
Philippine rule. The bishop then resisted the outcome of the
Battle of Alcântara and continued to side with
António, Prior of Crato
António, Prior of Crato (; 153126 August 1595; sometimes called ''The Determined'', ''The Fighter'', ''The Independentist'' or ''The Resistant''), was a grandson of King Manuel I of Portugal who claimed the Portuguese throne during the 1580 d ...
, contrary to all the other Portuguese bishops. On March 18, 1582, the Pope condemned the "excesses" committed by D. João, bishop of Guarda, and he died in 1592 under the rule of
Philip II of Spain
Philip II) in Spain, while in Portugal and his Italian kingdoms he ruled as Philip I ( pt, Filipe I). (21 May 152713 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent ( es, Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from ...
(Philip I of Portugal).
Iberian Union
pt, União Ibérica
, conventional_long_name =Iberian Union
, common_name =
, year_start = 1580
, date_start = 25 August
, life_span = 1580–1640
, event_start = War of the Portuguese Succession
, event_end = Portuguese Restoration War
, ...
On September 21, 1597, the synod was held in which new statutes or constitutions of the bishopric of the city began, in order to accommodate the decrees of the
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italian Peninsula, Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation ...
, in the context of the
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation (), also called the Catholic Reformation () or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) a ...
of the
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
.
Braganza Dynasty
![Igreja_da_Misericórdia_da_Guarda_-_Interior](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_da_Guarda_-_Interior.jpg)
In 1655 the exploitation of
tin
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from la, stannum) and atomic number 50. Tin is a silvery-coloured metal.
Tin is soft enough to be cut with little force and a bar of tin can be bent by hand with little effort. When bent, t ...
mines in Guarda was intensified. In 1674, the diocesan synod of Guarda took place, in order to regulate tithes. Between 1728 and 1730, the Guardense doctor Simão de Castro was convicted of the inquisition in the city, for accusations of Judaism. As a result, he took refuge in
Portuguese India
The State of India ( pt, Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (''Estado Português da Índia'', EPI) or simply Portuguese India (), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a se ...
, where he settled from 1734.
In 1762-1763 the Guarda region was invaded by Spanish forces, during the
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (1754 ...
, and several towns in the area were occupied by Spain, including
Almeida. This town was returned to Portugal in 1763, after the
peace treaty signed in Paris. In 1801, the
Marquis of Alorna {{Use dmy dates, date=March 2012
Marquis of Alorna was a Portuguese title of nobility granted, on 9 November 1748, by King John V of Portugal, to D. Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos, 3rd Count of Assumar and 44th viceroy of India. ...
built bunkers in Guarda, against bomb attacks, after the deterioration of diplomatic relations with Spain. That same year, the first section of the walls was demolished, on the orders of Alorna Marqués, in order to reuse its stone in the construction of a fort in the neighboring town of Vale de Estrela, to the west of the city.
As a result of the
Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, with troops commanded by the French general
Loison, a revolt took place in Guarda on June 21, 1808, after the
transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil as a result of these invasions. The March 22, 1811, the French general
André Masséna
André Masséna, Prince of Essling, Duke of Rivoli (born Andrea Massena; 6 May 1758 – 4 April 1817) was a French military commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.Donald D. Horward, ed., trans, annotated, The Fre ...
decided to concentrate the French army around Guarda and
Belmonte, far from the fortresses of
Ciudad Rodrigo
Ciudad Rodrigo () is a small cathedral city in the province of Salamanca, in western Spain, with a population in 2016 of 12,896. It is also the seat of a judicial district.
The site of Ciudad Rodrigo, perched atop a rocky rise on the right bank ...
and
Almeida. On April 3 of the same year, at the
Battle of Sabugal
The Battle of Sabugal was an engagement of the Peninsular War which took place on 3 April 1811 between Anglo-Portuguese forces under Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) and French troops under the command of Marshal André M ...
, the British military man
Wellington
Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by me ...
won against General
Jean Reynier
Jean Louis Ebénézer Reynier (14 January 1771 – 27 February 1814) was a Swiss- French military officer who served in the French Army under the First Republic and the First Empire. He rose in rank to become a general during the French Revolu ...
, and forced
Masséna to leave Portugal. After the particularly severe devastations caused in the
Diocese of Guarda
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarda ( la, Dioecesis Aegitaniensis) is a diocese located in central eastern Portugal, a suffragan in the Ecclesiastical province of the Latin Patriarchate of Lisbon in southern Portugal.
The present episcopal seat ...
and its neighboring
Diocese of Pinhel (currently also in the
district of Guarda
The district of Guarda ( pt, Distrito de Guarda ) is located in the Centro Region of Portugal, except Vila Nova de Foz Côa, which is in the Norte Region. The district capital and most populous city is Guarda.
Municipalities
The district conta ...
), these two dioceses were, in Portugal, until August 1811, the third and fourth most benefited by donations to the victims of the third French invasion of Portugal led by Masséna, just behind Leiria and Lisbon.
In 1829, during a cold snap, it was reported in Guarda that temperatures had dropped to low enough to freeze eggs,
brandy
Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with ...
, and other things that only freeze in severe cold. In 1835, another section of the wall was destroyed, between the
keep
A keep (from the Middle English ''kype'') is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word ''keep'', but usually consider it to refer to large towers in c ...
and '' Porta Nova '' (New Gate), and its stone was used in the construction of the new public cemetery.
In 1855 the
Lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Generally in that type of school the th ...
of Guarda was founded. In this institution, famous people related to literature and other intellectual areas in Portugal studied, including
Vergílio Ferreira
Vergílio António Ferreira, JOSE (Melo, Gouveia, 28 January 1916 – Lisbon, 1 March 1996) was a Portuguese writer, essayist, professor and a key figure in Portuguese-language literature. His prolific literary output, comprising works of f ...
(writer awarded the
Camões Prize
The Camões Prize (Portuguese, ''Prémio Camões'', ), named after Luís de Camões, is the most important prize for literature in the Portuguese language. It is awarded annually by the Portuguese ''Direção-Geral do Livro, dos Arquivos e das Bib ...
),
Eduardo Lourenço (essayist and philosopher) and
Augusto Gil (neo-romantic poet)
In 1868, during the reign of
Luis I
Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name or . Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, in Aragonese and Catalan, while is archaic ...
, the publication of Guarda's ''O Egytaniense'' began, which was one of the first newspapers in Guarda and probably the first newspaper in the city. The Humanitarian Association of Egitanian Volunteer Firefighters (which, today, is better known as "Guarda Volunteer Firefighters"), was founded in 1876 at the initiative of a group of Guardenses concerned about the lack of a fire department in the city. In 1881, the
Diocese of Pinhel (including, namely Almeida) was extinct and incorporated into the
Diocese of Guarda
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarda ( la, Dioecesis Aegitaniensis) is a diocese located in central eastern Portugal, a suffragan in the Ecclesiastical province of the Latin Patriarchate of Lisbon in southern Portugal.
The present episcopal seat ...
. In 1882 the Beira Alta railway line was inaugurated (with the presence of King
Louis I Louis I may refer to:
* Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor
* Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140)
* Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158)
* Louis I of Blois ...
and the royal family), which linked the coastal city of
Figueira da Foz
Figueira da Foz (), also known as Figueira for short, is a city and a municipality in the Coimbra District, in Portugal. Practically at the midpoint of the Iberian Peninsula's Atlantic coast, it is located at the mouth of the Mondego River, west ...
and
Vilar Formoso
Vilar Formoso is a town and civil parish in the municipality of Almeida, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,219, in an area of 15.14 km2. One of the most important crossings on the Portugal–Spain border is located just next to the to ...
, on the border with
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, stopping at the Guarda railway station. It is currently the main railway connection between Portugal and the rest of Europe. In 1893, a second railway line was completed with the terminal station in Guarda (the Beira Baixa line), connecting this city and
Abrantes
Abrantes () is a concelho, municipality in the Centro Region, Portugal, central Médio Tejo Subregion, Médio Tejo subregion of Portugal. The population was 39,325, in an area of . The municipality includes several parishes divided by the Tagus ...
, in
Ribatejo
The Ribatejo () is the most central of the traditional provinces of Portugal, with no coastline or border with Spain. The region is crossed by the Tagus river (''Ribatejo'' translates to "upper Tagus", or more precisely, "up the Tagus" relative ...
. On January 1, 1899, electric lighting was introduced in Guarda, making it one of the first Portuguese cities to be electrified. In 1897 the "Escola Normal" (Normal School) was founded in the city for the training of secondary school teachers. In May 1907, with the presence of King
Carlos and Queen
Amélia, the Sousa Martins
Sanatorium
A sanatorium (from Latin '' sānāre'' 'to heal, make healthy'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, are antiquated names for specialised hospitals, for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments and convalescence. Sanatoriums are often ...
was inaugurated in the city, the first of its kind that has been introduced by the National Assistance to tuberculosis victims.
First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic ( pt, Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: ''República Portuguesa'', Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy ...
,
Estado Novo,
Third Portuguese Republic
The Third Portuguese Republic () is a period in the history of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, that put an end to the paternal autocratic regime of ''Estado Nov ...
![Agilluar2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Agilluar2.jpg)
After the implementation of the republic in Portugal, in 1910, newspapers would appear throughout the
District of Guarda
The district of Guarda ( pt, Distrito de Guarda ) is located in the Centro Region of Portugal, except Vila Nova de Foz Côa, which is in the Norte Region. The district capital and most populous city is Guarda.
Municipalities
The district conta ...
, with a special concentration in Guarda and
Seia
Seia () is a municipality in Guarda District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 21,755, in an area of . Its urban population is about 7,000. Seia was elevated to city status on July 3, 1986. The municipality is situated on the northwestern slo ...
, that for the most part would clearly assume republican ideals for propaganda purposes. These constituted a source of extreme importance for the reconstruction of the recent history of the various communities of the District during the implementation of the republican regime.
The legendary Guardense poet
Augusto Gil died on February 26, 1929, already at the time of the military dictatorship. After the political and military upheavals and the economic crisis, largely caused by the decision on Portugal's participation in the First World War, the military coup of May 28, 1926, occurred, which would lead to a 48-year dictatorship, military until the mid-1930s, and then civil, until 1974. Meanwhile, the only moment in which the dictatorship of Salazar (Franco's ally in Spain) was threatened, occurred in 1958 when General
Humberto Delgado
Humberto da Silva Delgado, ComC, GCA, GOA, ComA, OA, ComSE, GCL, OIP, CBE (Portuguese pronunciation: ˈbɛɾtu dɛɫˈɡadu 15 May 1906 – 13 February 1965) was a General of the Portuguese Air Force, diplomat and politician.
Early life ...
decided to run for the presidential elections, proposing the resignation of
Salazar. On the night of April 24, 1974, Captain Augusto José Monteiro Valente, of the Guarda Infantry Regiment, arrested its commander and joined the
Armed Forces Movement (MFA) that the following day was going to overthrow the dictatorial regime of Salazar and
Caetano
Caetano is a Portuguese given name and surname derived from Latin ''Caietanus''. It also appears in Lusophone place names named after Saint Cajetan (''São Caetano'' in Portuguese).
People with the given name Caetano
* Caetano Prósperi Calil, ...
in the
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbo ...
, being described as one of the brightest and most committed Portuguese military in this revolution.
In 1942 the first hotel was opened in the city of Guarda, the "Hotel Turismo" active to this day, and an iconic symbol of tourism in this city. In 1963, the Industrias Lusitanas
Renault
Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured ...
(automobile factory) began to work in Guarda, which would be active until 1987, producing 189,461 vehicles of the models Renault 4, Renault 5, Renault 6, Renault 8, Renault 10, Renault 12 , Renault 16 and Renault Trafic. Then came "Delco Remy" and then "
Delphi
Delphi (; ), in legend previously called Pytho (Πυθώ), in ancient times was a sacred precinct that served as the seat of Pythia, the major oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world. The oracle ...
(Autopeças)", until the closure of this American multinational in December 2010. In 1965 the Guarda Nursing School (now known as the Escola Superior de Saúde) was created, which later, in 2001, would be integrated into the Guarda Polytechnic Institute. In 1980, the Guarda Polytechnic Institute was created, which began its academic activities in 1986 through the Higher School of Education and, the following year, the Higher School of Technology and Management. In 1999, the Higher School of Tourism and Telecommunications would also be created in this institute, in the neighboring city of
Seia
Seia () is a municipality in Guarda District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 21,755, in an area of . Its urban population is about 7,000. Seia was elevated to city status on July 3, 1986. The municipality is situated on the northwestern slo ...
.
Gastronomy
![Enchidos portugueses](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Enchidos_portugueses.jpg)
The gastronomy of Guarda is associated with the gastronomy of the
Serra da Estrela
Serra da Estrela () is the highest mountain range in Continental Portugal. Together with the Serra da Lousã it is the westernmost constituent range of the Sistema Central and also one of the highest in the system. It includes mainland Portugal's ...
. Some of the most outstanding typical dishes are the following: roast lamb, rice with duck in the Guarda way, and Lagareiro cod, which can be easily found in regional cuisine restaurants. The gastronomy of the city includes a wide range of meat-based dishes, given the geographical location of the city, as well as the surrounding lands, which are conducive to grazing. There is also a wide variety of fish dishes from freshwater streams. Cod is the exception, since its conservation process (
by drying) has always allowed its consumption in lands far from the sea. The pig occupies an important place in the local gastronomy, with countless dishes made with this type of meat. The ham cured in sea salt can be highlighted, as well as the typical local cured meats (black pudding,
farinheira
Farinheira () is a Portuguese smoked sausage made mainly from wheat flour, pork fat and seasonings (white wine, paprika, salt and pepper). It has a yellow/brown colour and is served in traditional dishes like ''feijoada'' or ''cozido à portuguesa ...
and
chouriço
Chorizo (, from Spanish ; similar to but distinct from Portuguese ) is a type of pork cured meat originating from the Iberian Peninsula.
In Europe, chorizo is a fermented, cured, smoked meat, which may be sliced and eaten without cooking, or ...
), such as tripe with vegetables. Other common meats are lamb, goat, beef, and white meat. Carquesa (''
Genista
Genista is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, native to open habitats such as moorland and pasture in Europe and western Asia. They include species commonly called broom, though the term may also refer to other genera, i ...
tridentata'') rice is also a very typical dish in the city and the region.
At the time of the hunting season, unique dishes, such as hare rice "malandrinho", or wild boar with beans are eaten.
In the fall,
Trancoso's edible mushroom stew (
champignons) and chestnut soup are popular (it can also be eaten cooked, boiled, or sweet).
Heritage
![Igreja de S](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Igreja_de_S._Vicente_1.jpg)
*
Guarda Cathedral
The Cathedral of Guarda ( pt, Catedral da Guarda, Sé da Guarda) is a Catholic church located in the northeastern city of Guarda, Portugal. Its construction took from 1390 until the mid 16th century, combining Gothic and Manueline architectural s ...
A medieval temple built in
Gothic
Gothic or Gothics may refer to:
People and languages
*Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes
**Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths
**Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
and
Manueline
The Manueline ( pt, estilo manuelino, ), occasionally known as Portuguese late Gothic, is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese architectural style originating in the 16th century, during the Portuguese Renaissance and Age of Discoveries. Manuel ...
styles. Its restoration, carried out by the architect Rosendo Carvalheira, took place between 1899 and 1921.
*
Castle of Guarda
The Castle of Guarda ( pt, Castelo da Guarda) is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Guarda, municipality of Guarda, the Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portugue ...
The castle was declared a National Monument on June 16, 1910.
Its construction, supposedly on a Roman-Lusitanian fort from the 1st century, took place between the 12th and 14th centuries.
* Old Episcopal Palace of Guarda
* Anta de Pêra do Moço
* Tower of the blacksmiths (''ferreiros'')
* Convent of São Francisco de Guarda or Convent of the Holy Spirit
* Chapel of Our Lady of Mileu
* Archaeological site of Póvoa do Mileu
* Fountain of ''Dorna''
* Church of São Vicente
* Church of Misericórdia
* Cruise or pillory (''pelourinho'') from Guarda
* Castro do Jarmelo (place built in
pre-Roman) times
* Paços do Concelho, (old town hall)
* Castro de Tintinolho, an important place in the wars between
Lusitanians
The Lusitanians ( la, Lusitani) were an Indo-European languages, Indo-European speaking people living in the west of the Iberian Peninsula prior to its conquest by the Roman Republic and the subsequent incorporation of the territory into the Roma ...
and
Romans
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
* Solar na Rua do Encontro (house built in the 15th or 16th century, which at the end of the 17th century was enriched in its facade, with an innovative element that transformed the appearance of the room, which gave it a nobility status to the family that lived there.)
* Casa das Chaves Bandarra (''House of the Keys Bandarra''), on Calle
Sancho I
* Fountain (''Chafariz'') of the Alameda de Santo André
Economy
The main economic sectors of Guarda are: tourism, textiles, electric wire and cable industry for automobile manufacturing and for energy industries, wood, glass, marble and granite processing, metallurgy, aluminum manufacturing, chemical products, blinds, cold cuts, bakery and pastry, dairy industry, as well as construction companies. There are also handicraft activities and agricultural and agro-livestock activities in the rural environment of the municipality.
Recreational and sports clubs
The main
football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
club in the city is ''Guarda Unida'', which participates in the first district division in the 2014-2015 season. Other clubs and associations of this type in the city include the Guarda Mountaineering Club, founded in 1981, The Pinheiro Center for Sport, Culture and Social Solidarity, integrated into the Guarda Athletics Association, the CSS - Associação de Desenvolvimento Carapito S. Salvador and the Lameirinhas Sports and Recreation Group, dedicated to
futsal Futsal is a football-based game played on a hardcourt, hard court smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors. It has similarities to five-a-side football and Indoor soccer, indoor football.
Futsal is played between two teams of five players ...
.
Parishes
The municipality consists of the following 43 parishes:
* Adão
* Aldeia do Bispo
* Aldeia Viçosa
* Alvendre
*
Arrifana
* Avelãs da Ribeira
* Avelãs de Ambom e Rocamondo
* Benespera
* Casal de Cinza
* Castanheira
* Cavadoude
* Codesseiro
* Corujeira e Trinta
* Faia
*
Famalicão
* Fernão Joanes
* Gonçalo
* Gonçalo Bocas
* Guarda
* Jarmelo São Miguel
* Jarmelo São Pedro
* João Antão
* Maçainhas
* Marmeleiro
* Meios
* Mizarela, Pêro Soares e Vila Soeiro
* Panóias de Cima
* Pega
* Pêra do Moço
* Porto da Carne
*
Pousade e Albardo
* Ramela
*
Rochoso e Monte Margarida
* Santana da Azinha
* Sobral da Serra
* Vale de Estrela
*
Valhelhas
* Vela
* Videmonte
* Vila Cortês do Mondego
* Vila Fernando
* Vila Franca do Deão
* Vila Garcia
International relations
Guarda is
twinned with:
*
Béjar
Béjar () is a town and Municipalities in Spain, municipality of Spain located in the province of Salamanca, autonomous community of Castile and León. As of 2018, it had a population of 12,961. The historical development of the town has been link ...
, Spain (since 1979)
*
Safad
Safed (known in Hebrew as Tzfat; Sephardic Hebrew & Modern Hebrew: צְפַת ''Tsfat'', Ashkenazi Hebrew: ''Tzfas'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Ṣǝp̄aṯ''; ar, صفد, ''Ṣafad''), is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevat ...
, Israel (since 1982)
*
Waterbury
Waterbury is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut on the Naugatuck River, southwest of Hartford and northeast of New York City. Waterbury is the second-largest city in New Haven County, Connecticut. According to the 2020 US Census, in 202 ...
, United States (since 1984)
*
Siegburg
Siegburg (i.e. ''fort on the Sieg river''; Ripuarian: ''Sieburch'') is a city in the district of Rhein-Sieg-Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the banks of the rivers Sieg and Agger, 10 kilometres from the former seat of ...
, Germany (since 1985)
*
Wattrelos
Wattrelos (; archaic ) is a commune in the Nord department in the Nord-Pas de Calais region of northern France. It is located on the border with Belgium, northeast of the city of Lille. The fifth-largest component of the Métropole Européenne ...
, France (since 1990)
Notable people
![Evelina Coelho a frente de um quadro](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Evelina_Coelho_a_frente_de_um_quadro.jpg)
*
Rui de Pina
Rui (or Ruy) de Pina (1440–1522) was a Portuguese chronicler.
Biography
Rui (or Ruy) de Pina was a native of Guarda. He acted as secretary of the embassy sent by King John II of Portugal to Castile in the spring of 1482, and in the followin ...
(1440–1522) a Portuguese chronicler.
*
Francisco Cabral
Francisco Cabral (1529 - 1609) was a Portuguese people, Portuguese Society of Jesus, Jesuit priest and missionary in Japan.
Early life
Cabral was born in the castle of Covilhā, Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarda, Portugal, Diocese of Guarda, Po ...
(1529-1609) a Portuguese Jesuit priest and missionary in Japan.
*
Francisco de Pina
Francisco de Pina (1585 – 1625) was a Portuguese Jesuit interpreter, missionary and priest, credited with creating the first Latinized script of the Vietnamese language, on which the modern Vietnamese alphabet is based.
Biography
Francisco ...
(1585–1625) a Portuguese Jesuit priest and missionary in Vietnam
*
José de Castro
José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro ( Valhelhas, 7 April 1868 – 31 July 1929; , was a Portuguese lawyer, journalist and politician. He graduated in law at the University of Coimbra, and was a lawyer in Lisbon and Guarda. A member of freem ...
(1868–1929) lawyer, journalist and 63rd
Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal ( pt, primeiro-ministro; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, ...
in 1915
*
Augusto Gil (1873 - 1929 in Guarda) a lawyer and poet, combining
Symbolist
Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realis ...
verse with satire and simple lyricism,
*
Álvaro de Castro
Álvaro Xavier de Castro () was Prime Minister of Portugal from 20 November to 30 November 1920 and from 18 December 1923 to 6 July 1924.
Early career
He was born in Guarda, on 9 November 1878. He was part of the Constitutional junta that gove ...
(1878-1928) 78th and 88th
Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal ( pt, primeiro-ministro; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, ...
in 1920 & 1923/4.
*
Fausto Lopo de Carvalho
Fausto Lopo Patrício de Carvalho (15 May 1890 – 23 May 1970), more commonly known as Fausto Lopo de Carvalho, was a Portuguese pulmonologist specialising in phthisiology, and the developer of pulmonary angiography in 1931, with Egas Moniz a ...
(1890–1970) a
pulmonologist
Pulmonology (, , from Latin ''pulmō, -ōnis'' "lung" and the Greek suffix "study of"), pneumology (, built on Greek πνεύμων "lung") or pneumonology () is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. specialising in
phthisiology
Phthisiology is the care, treatment, and study of tuberculosis of the lung. It is therefore considered a specialisation within the area of pulmonology.
The term derives from the designation by Hippocrates of phthisis (Greek φθίσις) meani ...
*
José Saraiva Martins
José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F. GCC (born 6 January 1932) is a Portuguese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints from 1998 to 2008.
Born in Gagos de Jarmelo in Guarda, Portugal, to ...
(born 1932 in Gagos de Jarmelo) a Portuguese
Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and the Prefect Emeritus of the
Congregation for the Causes of Saints
In the Catholic Church, the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, previously named the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (), is the dicastery of the Roman Curia that oversees the complex process that leads to the canonization of saints, pa ...
*
Lili Caneças (born 1944) a Portuguese socialite.
*
Evelina Coelho (1945-2013) a Portuguese painter from Vila Fernando
*
Carmen Yazalde (born 1950) a Portuguese Argentine model and actress.
*
José Urbano
José Cardoso Urbano (born March 1, 1966 in Guarda, Beira Interior Norte) is a retired male race walker from Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is loc ...
(born 1966) a retired three-time Olympian race walker
*
Inês Monteiro
Inês Alexandra das Neves Monteiro (born 18 May 1980) is a Portuguese athlete who competes in middle and long-distance track running, as well as road running and cross country. She started out as a cross country runner, winning a silver an ...
(born 1980) a middle and long distance track running athlete
*
Pedro Carvalho (born 1985) a Portuguese actor.
Pedro Carvalho, IMDb Database
retrieved 05 August 2021.
References
External links
Municipality official website
Guarda Photos
Photos from Guarda
{{Authority control
Municipalities of Guarda District
Cities in Portugal