![Borders of the Historical Habsburgian Lands in the Republic of Slovenia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Borders_of_the_Historical_Habsburgian_Lands_in_the_Republic_of_Slovenia.png)
Upper Carniola ( sl, Gorenjska; it, Alta Carniola; german: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
, the northern mountainous part of the larger
Carniola
Carniola ( sl, Kranjska; , german: Krain; it, Carniola; hu, Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Although as a whole it does not exist anymore, Slovenes living within the former borders of the region sti ...
region. The centre of the region is
Kranj
Kranj (, german: Krainburg) is the third-largest city in Slovenia, with a population of 37,941 (2020). It is located approximately northwest of Ljubljana. The centre of the City Municipality of Kranj and of the traditional region of Upper Carniol ...
, while other urban centers include
Jesenice
Jesenice (, german: Aßling''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru'', vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 144.) is a Slovenian town and the seat of the Municipality of Jesenice on the ...
,
Tržič
Tržič (; german: Neumarktl) is a town in northern Slovenia, close to the Austrian border. It is the seat of the Municipality of Tržič.
Geography
The town is located within the historic Upper Carniola region on the Tržič Bistrica River, ...
,
Škofja Loka
Škofja Loka (; german: Bischoflack) is a town in Slovenia. It is the economic, cultural, educational, and administrative center of the Municipality of Škofja Loka in Upper Carniola. It has about 12,000 inhabitants.
Geography
Škofja Loka lies a ...
,
Kamnik
Kamnik (; german: Stein''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, pp. 26–27. or ''Stein in Oberkrain'') is a town in northern Slovenia. It is t ...
, and
Domžale
Domžale (; german: Domschale)''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 24. is a town and the seat of Municipality of Domžale. The town lies ...
. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Historical background
![AvI Oberkrain oder Laibacher Kreis](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/AvI_Oberkrain_oder_Laibacher_Kreis.jpg)
Its origins as a separate political entity can be traced back to the 17th century, when the
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
duchy of
Carniola
Carniola ( sl, Kranjska; , german: Krain; it, Carniola; hu, Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Although as a whole it does not exist anymore, Slovenes living within the former borders of the region sti ...
was divided into three administrative districts. This division was thoroughly described by the scholar
Johann Weikhard von Valvasor
Johann Weikhard Freiherr von Valvasor or Johann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor ( sl, Janez Vajkard Valvasor, ) or simply Valvasor (baptised on 28 May 1641 – September or October 1693) was a natural historian and polymath from Carniola, pr ...
in his 1689 work ''
The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola
''The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola'' (german: Die Ehre deß Hertzogthums Crain, sl, Slava vojvodine Kranjske) is an encyclopedia published in Nuremberg in 1689 by the polymath Johann Weikhard von Valvasor. It is the most important work on his ...
''. The districts were known in German as ''Kreise'' (''kresija'' in old Slovene). They were: ''Upper Carniola'' with its centre in
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the ar ...
, comprising the northern areas of the duchy; ''
Lower Carniola
Lower Carniola ( sl, Dolenjska; german: Unterkrain) is a traditional region in Slovenia, the southeastern part of the historical Carniola region.
Geography
Lower Carniola is delineated by the Ljubljana Basin with the city of Ljubljana to the no ...
'', comprising the east and south-east, with its centre in
Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (; sl, Novo mesto; also known by other alternative names) is a city on a bend of the Krka River in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. The town is traditionally considered t ...
; and ''
Inner Carniola
Inner Carniola ( sl, Notranjska; german: Innerkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the southwestern part of the larger Carniola region. It comprises the Hrušica karst plateau up to Postojna Gate, bordering the Slovenian Littoral (the ...
'' comprising the west and south-west of the duchy, with its centre in
Postojna
Postojna (; german: Adelsberg, it, Postumia) is a town in the traditional region of Inner Carniola, from Trieste, in southwestern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Postojna. .
This division remained, in different arrangements, up to the 1860s, when the old administrative districts were abolished and Upper Carniola was subdivided into smaller
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
of Kranj,
Radovljica
Radovljica (; german: Radmannsdorf) is a town in the Upper Carniola region of northern Slovenia. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Radovljica.
Geography
The town is located on the southern slope of the Karawanks mountain range, ...
and
Kamnik
Kamnik (; german: Stein''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, pp. 26–27. or ''Stein in Oberkrain'') is a town in northern Slovenia. It is t ...
. Nevertheless, the regional identity remained strong also thereafter. Upon the dissolution of
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
after
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Carniola was incorporated first into the
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( sh, Država Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba / ; sl, Država Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov) was a political entity that was constituted in October 1918, at the end of World War I, by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( ...
and then into the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom commonly refers to:
* A monarchy ruled by a king or queen
* Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy
Kingdom may also refer to:
Arts and media Television
* ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...
and it ceased to exist as a separate political and geographical unit. The Carniolan regional identity soon faded away, but the regional identification with its sub-units (Upper, Lower and, to a lesser extent, Inner Carniola) remained strong.
Geographical extension
To the north, Upper Carniola is delimited by the
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n state of
Carinthia
Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German language, German. Its regional dialects belong to t ...
, the historic
Lower Styria
Styria ( sl, Štajerska), also Slovenian Styria (''Slovenska Štajerska'') or Lower Styria (''Spodnja Štajerska''; german: Untersteiermark), is a traditional region in northeastern Slovenia, comprising the southern third of the former Duchy o ...
(''Štajerska'') region to the east, and the
Slovenian Littoral
The Slovene Littoral ( sl, Primorska, ; it, Litorale; german: Küstenland) is one of the five traditional regions of Slovenia. Its name recalls the former Austrian Littoral (''Avstrijsko Primorje''), the Habsburg possessions on the upper Ad ...
(''Primorska'') to the west. An 1809 atlas shows the border with
Lower Carniola
Lower Carniola ( sl, Dolenjska; german: Unterkrain) is a traditional region in Slovenia, the southeastern part of the historical Carniola region.
Geography
Lower Carniola is delineated by the Ljubljana Basin with the city of Ljubljana to the no ...
to the southeast generally following the line of the
Sava
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally th ...
,
Ljubljanica
The Ljubljanica (), known in the Middle Ages as the ''Sava'', is a river in the southern part of the Ljubljana Basin in Slovenia. The capital of Slovenia, Ljubljana, lies on the river. The Ljubljanica rises south of the town of Vrhnika and flows ...
,
Iščica, and
Želimeljščica rivers. The border with
Inner Carniola
Inner Carniola ( sl, Notranjska; german: Innerkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the southwestern part of the larger Carniola region. It comprises the Hrušica karst plateau up to Postojna Gate, bordering the Slovenian Littoral (the ...
to the south generally follows the southern edge of the Ljubljana Marsh, and then cuts north (east of
Log pri Brezovici
Log pri Brezovici () is a settlement southwest of Ljubljana in central Slovenia. It is the administrative centre of the Municipality of Log-Dragomer in the Inner Carniola region. The territory of the settlement is traversed by the A1 motorway, whi ...
and west of
Polhov Gradec
Polhov Gradec (; german: Billichgra(t)z''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 118.) is a settlement in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov G ...
) to the
Gradaščica River, and then turns west through the hills to
Spodnja Idrija
Spodnja Idrija (, in older sources also ''Idrija pri Fari''; german: Unteridria) is a settlement on the right bank of the Idrijca River in the Municipality of Idrija in the traditional Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
Name
The name ''Spodnja Id ...
.
[Josef Karl Kindermann, Christoph Junker (Stecher), & Gerhard Michael Dienes. 1809. ''Die Provinz Inner-Oesterreich oder die Herzogthümer Steyermark, Kaernten und Krain, die Grafschaften Goerz und Gradisca und das Deutsch-Oesterreichische Litorale. Atlas von Innerösterreich entworfen und gezeichnet von Jos. Karl Kindermann, gestochen zu Wien von Keresztély Junker.'' Graz: Verlag Franz Xaver Miller.]
The landscape is characterised by the mountains of the
Southern Limestone Alps
The Southern Limestone Alps ( it, Alpi Sud-orientali, german: Südliche Kalkalpen), also called the Southern Calcareous Alps, are the ranges of the Eastern Alps south of the Central Eastern Alps mainly located in northern Italy and the adjacent l ...
, predominantly by the
Julian Alps
The Julian Alps ( sl, Julijske Alpe, it, Alpi Giulie, , ) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretch from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large pa ...
and the
Karawanks
The Karawanks or Karavankas or Karavanks ( sl, Karavanke; german: Karawanken, ) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps on the border between Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: ...
range at its northern rim.
Historically, Ljubljana was part of Upper Carniola. However, in the 19th century it started to be considered a separate unit; already by the late 18th century, there are very few reference to the people of Ljubljana as "Upper Carniolans" (''Gorenjci'', ''Oberkrainer''): it was a general perception that Upper Carniola proper starts only north of Ljubljana. Since the 19th century,
Kranj
Kranj (, german: Krainburg) is the third-largest city in Slovenia, with a population of 37,941 (2020). It is located approximately northwest of Ljubljana. The centre of the City Municipality of Kranj and of the traditional region of Upper Carniol ...
, not Ljubljana, has been considered the unofficial capital of Upper Carniola.
The modern notion of Upper Carniola does not fully correspond to the historical borders. For example, the Municipality of
Jezersko used to be part of the
Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia (german: Herzogtum Kärnten; sl, Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial Sta ...
since the 11th century. In 1918, it was occupied by
Slovene volunteers and annexed to Yugoslavia by the 1919
Treaty of Saint-Germain
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal perso ...
. Now it is today generally considered an integral part of Upper Carniola, rather than
Slovenian Carinthia
Carinthia ( sl, Koroška ; german: Kärnten), also Slovene Carinthia or Slovenian Carinthia (''Slovenska Koroška''), is a traditional region in northern Slovenia. The term refers to the small southeasternmost area of the former Duchy of Carinthi ...
(also because its inhabitants speak the Upper Carniolan dialect). The borders of Upper Carniola are only vaguely similar those of Slovenia's
Upper Carniola Statistical Region
The Upper Carniola Statistical Region ( sl, Gorenjska statistična regija) is a statistical region in northwest Slovenia. It is a region with high mountains, including Mount Triglav, and is almost entirely Alpine. A large part of this statistical ...
.
Culture and traditions
Language
Traditionally, most of the people of Upper Carniola have spoken the
Upper Carniolan dialect
This article uses Logar transcription.
The Upper Carniolan dialect ( , ) is a major Slovene dialect, known for extensive syncope, monophthongization of diphthongs, and loss of neuter gender. It is spoken in most (but not all) of Upper Carnio ...
(''gorenjsko narečje''), which is one of the geographically most extended and linguistically most compact
Slovene dialects
In a purely dialectological sense, Slovene dialects ( sl, slovenska narečja , ) are the regionally diverse varieties that evolved from old Slovene, a South Slavic language of which the standardized modern version is Standard Slovene. This also ...
. It covers most of the province, except for some peripheral areas in south-western and north-western Upper Carniola, and it also extends to the northern suburbs of Ljubljana. It belongs to the
Upper Carniolan dialect group
The Upper Carniolan dialect group (''gorenjska narečna skupina''Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'' vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The U ...
, which also includes the
Selca dialect
The Selca dialect (''selško narečje'', ''selščina'') is a Slovene dialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in the Selca Sora Valley, north of a line from Porezen to Mount Lubnik (1025 m), and south of a line running west of ...
, spoken in the mountainous Upper Carniolan villages of
Železniki
Železniki (; german: Eisnern''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, pp. 66–67.) is a small town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipali ...
,
Selca,
Dražgoše
Dražgoše (; german: Draschgosche) is a village in the Municipality of Železniki in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. The village lies on the southern slopes of the Jelovica Plateau. The settlement consists of three hamlets: Pri Cerkvi, Na ...
and
Davča.
These two Upper Carniolan dialects are spoken in the vast majority of the region: this convergence of linguistic and geographical borders is quite exceptional in Slovenia, and it reinforces the cohesiveness of Upper Carniolan regional identity.
Nevertheless, other dialects are spoken in Upper Carniola, as well: in the village of
Rateče
Rateče (; it, Racchia, german: Ratschach) is a village in the Municipality of Kranjska Gora, in the far northwest corner of Slovenia. It is located in the upper part of the Upper Sava Valley, between the Sava Dolinka and Ziljica rivers, a tri ...
, people speak the
Gail Valley dialect The Gail Valley dialect ( sl, ziljsko narečje, ''ziljščina''Logar, Tine. 1996. ''Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave''. Ljubljana: SAZU) is the westernmost Slovene dialect in the Carinthian dialect group, spoken in parts of southern ...
, which belongs to the
Carinthian dialect group
The Carinthian dialect group (''koroška narečna skupina'', ''koroščina''Logar, Tine. 1996. ''Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave''. Ljubljana: SAZU.) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene, a South Slavic language. T ...
. In the area around
Kranjska Gora
Kranjska Gora (; german: Kronau) is a town in northwestern Slovenia, on the Sava Dolinka River in the Upper Carniola region, close to the Austrian and Italian borders. It is the seat of the Municipality of Kranjska Gora.
Name
Kranjska Gora was f ...
and
Gozd Martuljek
Gozd Martuljek (; sl, Gozd - Martuljek) is a settlement in the Municipality of Kranjska Gora in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a count ...
, a transitional dialect between the
Carinthian
Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carint ...
and Upper Carniolan dialect group is spoken: this is known as the
Kranjska Gora subdialect
The Kranjska Gora subdialect ( sl, kranjskogorski govor, ''kranjskogorsko podnarečje'') is a Slovene subdialect of the Gail Valley dialect in the Carinthian dialect group. It was included among the Carinthian dialects by Tine Logar and Jakob Rig ...
. In the mountainous areas of eastern Upper Carniola (mostly in the municipalities of
Škofja Loka
Škofja Loka (; german: Bischoflack) is a town in Slovenia. It is the economic, cultural, educational, and administrative center of the Municipality of Škofja Loka in Upper Carniola. It has about 12,000 inhabitants.
Geography
Škofja Loka lies a ...
and
Gorenja vas-Poljane), dialects from the
Rovte dialect group
The Rovte dialect group (''rovtarska narečna skupina'', ''rovtarščina'') is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Rovte dialects are spoken in the mountainous areas of west-central Slovenia, on the border between the Slovenian L ...
are spoken (
Poljane dialect
The Poljane dialect ( sl, poljansko narečje, ''poljanščina'') is a Slovene dialect in the Rovte dialect group. It is spoken in the watershed of the Poljane Sora River ( sl, Poljanska Sora, also ) almost as far east as a line from Mount Lubnik ...
,
Škofja Loka dialect
The Škofja Loka dialect ( sl, škofjeloško narečje, ''škofjeloščina'') is a Slovene dialect in the Rovte dialect group. It encompasses the local dialects of Škofja Loka and the nearby settlements of Bitnje and Reteče.Toporišič, Jože. ...
,
Horjul dialect
The Horjul dialect ( sl, horjulsko narečje, ''horjulščina'') is a Slovene dialect in the Rovte dialect group. It is spoken southwest of Ljubljana in the settlements of Horjul, Polhov Gradec, Log pri Brezovici, Vrhnika, Verd, Logatec, and Kal ...
).
![Traditional costume Slovenia Brdo 20080610](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Traditional_costume_Slovenia_Brdo_20080610.jpg)
Beginning in the 18th century, the
Upper Carniolan dialect
This article uses Logar transcription.
The Upper Carniolan dialect ( , ) is a major Slovene dialect, known for extensive syncope, monophthongization of diphthongs, and loss of neuter gender. It is spoken in most (but not all) of Upper Carnio ...
was partially incorporated into standard
Slovene, together with the
Lower Carniolan dialect
This article uses Logar transcription.
The Lower Carniolan dialect ( , ) is a major Slovene dialect in the Lower Carniolan dialect group. It is one of the two central Slovene dialects and was the original foundation for standard Slovene along ...
and the dialect of
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the ar ...
. During the late Enlightenment and early Romantic period, many of the most important Slovene authors and philologists came from the region:
Jurij Japelj
Jurij Japelj, also known in German as Georg Japel, (11 April 1744 – 11 October 1807) was a Slovene Jesuit priest, translator, and philologist. He was part of the Zois circle, a group of Carniolan scholars and intellectuals that were instrumenta ...
,
Anton Tomaž Linhart
Anton Tomaž Linhart (December 11, 1756 – July 14, 1795) was a Carniolan playwright and historian, best known as the author of the first comedy and theatrical play in general in Slovene, ''Županova Micka'' (Micka, the Mayor's Daughter). He is ...
,
Jernej Kopitar
Jernej Kopitar, also known as Bartholomeus Kopitar (21 August 1780 – 11 August 1844), was a Slovene linguist and philologist working in Vienna. He also worked as the Imperial censor for Slovene literature in Vienna. He is perhaps best known f ...
,
Matija Čop
Matija Čop (; 26 January 1797 – 6 July 1835), also known in German as Matthias Tschop, was a Slovene linguist, polyglot, literary historian and critic.
Biography
Čop was born in the small northern Carniolan town of Žirovnica, in what ...
, and
Janez Bleiweis
Janez Bleiweis (19 November 1808 – 29 November 1881) was a Slovene conservative politician, journalist, physician, veterinarian, and public figure. He was the leader of the so-called Old Slovene political movement. Already during his lifetime, ...
. The poet and journalist
Valentin Vodnik
Valentin Vodnik (3 February 1758 – 8 January 1819) was a Carniolan priest, journalist and poet of Slovene descent. He was active in the late Enlightenment period. He is well known for his contributions in writing materials that lifted the p ...
, who was born in
Šiška, now a suburb of Ljubljana, also had influences of Upper Carniolan dialect. The first two Slovene-language newspapers, ''
Lublanske novice'' (1797–1800) and ''
Kmetijske in rokodelske novice
{{Unreferenced, date=July 2015
''Kmetijske in rokodelske novice'' ( en, Agricultural and Artisan News), frequently referred to simply as ''Novice'' (''News''), was a Slovene-language newspaper in the 19th century, which had an influential role i ...
'' were also published in the Upper Carniolan regional variety of Slovene. The poetic language of
France Prešeren
France Prešeren () (2 or 3 December 1800 – 8 February 1849) was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet whose poems have been translated into many languages. , the Slovenian
national poet
A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture. The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbo ...
, also has many specific Upper Carniolan features, yet the spent most of his life in Ljubljana. Most of the Slovene literary production from that period (1780–1840) thus had recognizable Upper Carniolan linguistic features. In the 1840s and 1850s, many of these features were removed from the literary standard; nevertheless, a basic agreement was reached among Slovene philologist, according to which the vowel system in the standard language was taken from the Upper Carniolan dialect, and the consonant system from
Lower Carniolan.
Folklore and music
In many ways, the folklore of Upper Carniola is considered the prototype of Slovene national folklore. The Upper Carniolan folk costume is frequently used as the representation of the Slovene national costume.
In the mid 19th century, during the
Slovene national revival, the Slovene nationals took the national costume from
Bled
Bled (; german: Veldes,''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 146. in older sources also ''Feldes'') is a town on Lake Bled in the Upper C ...
and transformed it in the Slovenian national costume.
Upper Carniola is also important for Slovene folklore because of the music. In the 1950s, the folk musician
Slavko Avsenik
Slavko Avsenik (November 26, 1929 – July 2, 2015) was a Slovene composer and musician. Beginning in 1953 with the formation of the Avsenik Brothers Ensemble, Avsenik produced more than 1,000 songs and garnered success both in Slovenia and in ...
popularized a modernized version of the Upper Carniolan folk music.
Image gallery
File:Lake Bled panorama 01.jpg, Lake Bled
Lake Bled ( sl, Blejsko jezero; german: Bleder See, Veldeser See) is a lake in the Julian Alps of the Upper Carniolan region of northwestern Slovenia, where it adjoins the town of Bled. The area is a tourist destination. The lake is from Ljublj ...
panorama
File:Znamenje-LuzeGorenjska1.jpg, A typical rural shrine
A shrine ( la, scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: ''escrin'' "box or case") is a sacred or holy sacred space, space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor worship, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, Daemon (mythology), daem ...
File:Plague Pillar in Škofja Loka.jpg, St. Mary Column in Škofja Loka
Škofja Loka (; german: Bischoflack) is a town in Slovenia. It is the economic, cultural, educational, and administrative center of the Municipality of Škofja Loka in Upper Carniola. It has about 12,000 inhabitants.
Geography
Škofja Loka lies a ...
File:VrbaSvMarkoN 2009 06.jpg, St. Mark's parish church in Vrba
Vrba ("willow" in several Slavic languages) may refer to:
Places Austria
* Velden am Wörther See ( sl, Vrba na Koroškem, link=no)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Vrba (Glamoč), Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Vrba (Gacko), Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mon ...
File:Kranj 19.jpg, View of Kranj
Kranj (, german: Krainburg) is the third-largest city in Slovenia, with a population of 37,941 (2020). It is located approximately northwest of Ljubljana. The centre of the City Municipality of Kranj and of the traditional region of Upper Carniol ...
File:Krstenica.jpg, The Julian Alps
The Julian Alps ( sl, Julijske Alpe, it, Alpi Giulie, , ) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretch from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large pa ...
File:KozolciStudor1.JPG, Hayrack
A hayrack ( sl, kozolec) is a freestanding vertical drying rack found chiefly in Slovenia. Hayracks are permanent structures, primarily made of wood, upon which fodder for animals is dried, although their use is not limited to drying hay. Other ...
s
File:Bohinjsko jezero 2.jpg, Lake Bohinj
Lake Bohinj ( sl, Bohinjsko jezero, german: Wocheiner See), covering , is the largest permanent lake in Slovenia. It is located within the Bohinj Valley of the Julian Alps, in the northwestern Upper Carniola region, and part of Triglav National Par ...
File:Slap Savica.jpg, Savica Falls
Savica Falls is a waterfall in northwestern Slovenia. It is high and is fed by a karst spring also called Savica just above the waterfall.
A large portion of water is sourced from a karst basin around Black Lake, which lies around higher a ...
File:GradBrdoPriKranju.jpg, Brdo pri Kranju
Brdo Castle near Kranj ( sl, grad Brdo pri Kranju, german: Egg bei Krainburg), usually simply Brdo Castle ( sl, grad Brdo), is an estate and a mansion in the Slovenian region of Upper Carniola west of the village of Predoslje, City Municipality o ...
mansion
References
External links
Kje so naše meje? About the borders of Upper Carniola.
{{Authority control
Subdivisions of Carniola
Southern Limestone Alps
Historical regions in Slovenia