Gonario II (also spelled ''Gonnario'' or ''Gunnari''; died between 1180 and 1190) was the '' giudice'' of

Logudoro The Logudoro (meaning "Golden Place") is a large traditional region Sardinia, Italy. The name of Logudoro today is linked to the Logudorese dialect, which covers a large area of northern-central Sardinia. The first denomination of the area is ...

(a kingdom in

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...

) from the death of his father to his own abdication in 1154. He was a son of

Constantine I Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to Constantine the Great and Christianity, convert to Christiani ...

and Marcusa de Gunale. He was born between 1113 and 1114 according to later sources and the

Camaldolese The Camaldolese Hermits of Mount Corona ( la, Congregatio Eremitarum Camaldulensium Montis Coronae), commonly called Camaldolese is a monastic order of Pontifical Right for men founded by Saint Romuald. Their name is derived from the Holy Hermita ...

church of S. Trinità di Saccargia was founded in his name by his parents on 16 December 1112, though it wasn't consecrated until 5 October 1116. Constantine died between 1127 and 1128, leaving his son under the

regency A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...

Ittocorre Gambella Ittocorre Gambella was the regent of the Giudicato of Logudoro between 1127 and sometime before 1140. When Constantine I Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the ...

. When the Athen family tried to harm the young ruler, Ittocorre whisked him away to Porto Torres and the protection of the Pisans, who took him to Pisa and the house of Ugo da Parlascio Ebriaco. When he turned seventeen, he married Ebriaco's daughter and returned to

, with Pisan permission and four armed galleys. His father-in-law was part of this expedition to repossess his ''giudicato'' (1130). Together they landed at Torres and marched on Ardara, the location of the judicial palace, and took it. Controlling the ''giudicato'' again, they began construction of a castle at

Goceano The Goceano ( sc, Costèra) is a historical and geographical region of center-north of Sardinia island, Italy. It covers a surface of 480 km2 and has a population of 13,000 inhabitants (27 inhabitants/km2). It is located inside the Province ...

to guard the frontier. At this time,

Comita II of Arborea Comita II (or III) (died 1147) was the ''Judge'' of the Judicate of Arborea, from 1131 until his death. He was the son of Constantine I of Arborea, first ruler of Arborea of the Lacon dynasty. He married Elena de Orrubu, mother of Barison II of ...

allied with the

Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( lij, Repúbrica de Zêna ; it, Repubblica di Genova; la, Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the 11th century to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the Lat ...

to defend himself from ''filopisano'' Logudoro, thus dividing the island's allegiance. Gonario was among the first to do homage to the Pisan archdiocese for his ''giudicato''. On 6 March 1131, Gonario did homage to Roger, Archbishop of Pisa, who was then acting papal legate on the island. In the previous year,

Constantine I of Arborea Constantine IAlso ''Costantino'', ''Gosantine'', ''Goantine'', or ''Gantine''. (born in the second half of the 11th century) was the Judge of Arborea. He was the son of Gonario II of Arborea, Gonario II and Elena de Orrubu. The dates of his reign ...

, Comita's father, had done likewise. In the following year, 1132, on 26 June, Comita I of Gallura did homage to Roger at Ardara, thus preliminarily establishing the legatine status of Gonario's principality. In 1135, Roger's successor, Uberto, declared Logudoro the base of the Sardinian legateship. In 1144, Gonario got involved in a war with

Arborea Arborea is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy, whose economy is largely based on agriculture and cattle breeding with production of vegetables, rice, fruit and milk (notably the local milk product Arborea). Histo ...

and, on 10 November,

Baldwin, Archbishop of Pisa Baldwin (died 6 October 1145) was a Cistercian monk and later Archbishop of Pisa,_a_correspondent_of_Bernard_of_Clairvaux.html" ;"title="717, Pisan and on 31 July 1725 [1726, Pisan A special assembly (''conventus'') was held in P ..., a correspon ...

, moved to give him aid from the Republic. In 1145, Baldwin excommunicated Comita of Arborea. The Pisan prelate, travelling the island as a papal legate, had excommunicated the judge for oppressing the people and warring against Pisa, his righfult sovereign. Bernard of Clairvaux even weighed into island politics and sent a letter to Pope Eugene III to justify Baldwin's actions and commend Gonario as ''quia bonus princeps dicitur''. Nominally Arborea was transferred to Logudoro, but Comita died soon after and his son Barison II succeeded him. In 1146, this Barison hosted the consecration ceremony of Santa Maria di Bonarcado with most of the Arborean clergy and Villano, Archbishop of Pisa. Gonario and

Constantine II of Cagliari Constantine II (circa 1100 – 1163) was the giudice of Cagliari (as Salusio III from circa 1129). He was called ''de Pluminus'' after his capital city.The ''giudici'' of Cagliari had long abandoned that city when Constantine succeeded to the t ...

also attended this ceremony, the only instance of three out of the four ''giudici'' appearing in the same place. On 24 June 1147, Gonario was in his twentieth year of rule as ''Gonnarius . . . Turritanorum Rex et Dominus''. This statement indicates that Gonario's rule was considered to begin with his father's death and was uninterrupted by exile and regency. In that year, Gonario left on the Second Crusade as a pilgrim to

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

. He left his four sons, Barison,

Peter Peter may refer to: People * List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Peter (given name) ** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church * Peter (surname), a sur ...

, Ittocorre, and Comita as regents during his absence. He met Saint Bernard, who had only heard a good reputation earlier, on his return journey (1149). The two founded the

Cistercian The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...

abbey of Cabuabbas di Sindia. Gonario probably extended this journey, making a pilgrimage to

Saint Martin of Tours Martin of Tours ( la, Sanctus Martinus Turonensis; 316/336 – 8 November 397), also known as Martin the Merciful, was the third bishop of Tours. He has become one of the most familiar and recognizable Christian saints in France, heralded as the ...

as well.This second pilgrimage is known, but it only fits the other knowns if it is posited as an extension of his return from Jerusalem. Not long after this, Gonario, perhaps moved by his meeting with Bernard, entered the monastery of Clairvaux.

Notes

Sources

*Moore, John C.
Pope Innocent III, Sardinia, and the Papal State.
''Speculum'', Vol. 62, No. 1. (Jan., 1987), pp 81–101. *Caravale, Mario (ed). ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LVII Giulini – Gonzaga''.

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, 2001. *Scano, D. "Serie cronol. dei giudici sardi." ''Arch. stor. sardo.'' 1939. *Besta, E. and Somi, A. ''I condaghi di San Nicolas di Trullas e di Santa Maria di Bonarcado''. Milan, 1937. *''Libellus iudicum Turritanorum''. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Gonario 02 of Torres 1180s deaths Judges (judikes) of Logudoro