Gliocladium Caespitosum

''Gliocladium''Corda (1840) ''Icon. fung. (Prague)'' 4: 30. is an asexual fungal genus in the Hypocreaceae. Certain other species including ''Gliocladium virens'' were recently transferred to the genus ''Trichoderma'' and ''G. roseum'' became ''Clonostachys rosea f. rosea'' in the Bionectriaceae. ''Gliocladium'' is a mitosporic, filamentous fungus. Species of ''Gliocladium'' rarely produce a sexual state. Most pathogenic, disease-causing fungi in humans are mitosporic like ''Gliocladium''. ''Gliocladium'' is filamentous; it grows tubular, elongated, and thread-like. It can be considered a contaminant.

Species

''Species fungorum'' currently (July 2018) lists the remaining species (+ ''G. zaleskii''):
* ''Gliocladium africanum'' Eichelb. (1906)
* ''Gliocladium album'' (Preuss) Petch (1939)
* ''Gliocladium ammoniphilum'' Pidopl. & Bilaĭ (1950)
* ''Gliocladium atrum'' J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott (1927)
* ''Gliocladium borysseviczii'' Pidopl. (1950)
* ''Gliocladium caespitosum'' Petch (1939)
* ''Gliocladium cibotii'' J.F.H. Beyma (1944)
* ''Gliocladium cinereum'' Marchal & É.J. Marchal (1921)
* ''Gliocladium citrinum'' Bat., H. Maia & A.F. Vital (1957)
* ''Gliocladium comtus'' Rudakov (1981)
* ''Gliocladium cylindrosporum'' Matsush. (1975)
* ''Gliocladium elatum'' Sacc. (1909)
* ''Gliocladium flavofuscum'' J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster (1958)
* ''Gliocladium flavum'' J.F.H. Beyma (1928)
* ''Gliocladium luteolum'' Höhn. (1903)
* ''Gliocladium microspermum'' (Sacc.) W. Gams (1982)
* ''Gliocladium microsporum'' Petch (1926)
* ''Gliocladium mumicola'' C.T. Wei (1941)
* ''Gliocladium nicotianae'' Oudem. (1903)
* ''Gliocladium novae-zelandiae'' Seifert, Samuels & W. Gams (1985)
* ''Gliocladium polyporicola'' (Henn.) Seifert & W. Gams (1985)
* ''Gliocladium salmonicolor'' Raillo (1929)
* ''Gliocladium sampajense'' Subram. & Bhat (1989)
* ''Gliocladium sphaerosporum'' Matsush. (1989)
* ''Gliocladium thaxteri'' Seifert & W. Gams (1985)
* ''Gliocladium verticillioides'' (G.A. Newton) Pidoplitschka (1930)
* ''Gliocladium vermoeseni'' ( Biourge) Thom
* ''Gliocladium zaleskii'' Pidopl. (1953)

Note: the commonly-occurring (previously type) species "''Gliocladium penicilloides''" has now been placed in the genus '' Sphaerostilbella''.

Features

Species of ''Gliocladium'' are considered to have pathogenic potential although they are not commonly thought of as a disease causing agent in humans and animals. Gliotoxin is a metabolite of ''G.'' (now ''Trichoderma'') ''deliquescens''. The significance of gliotoxin has not yet been determined.

''Gliocladium'' species occur worldwide in soil and decaying organic matter. Some species of ''Gliocladium'' are parasitic on other fungi. ''Gliocladium'' is found world-wide. ''Gliocladium'' is classified as a RG-1 organism; it is assessed to have low to no individual or community risk. Also, this microorganism is unlikely to cause human or animal disease. This status has been assessed by the American Biological Safety Association based upon criteria of the Classification of Infective Microorganisms by Risk Group.

Most species of ''Gliocladium'' grow rapidly in culture producing spreading colonies with a cotton-like texture, covering a Petri dish in 1 week. The colonies are initially white and cream-like; but may become reddish or green as they age and sporulate.

Microscopically, ''Gliocladium'' species produces hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia borne from hyaline phialides. The conidiophores are erect, dense, and have a brush-like structure which produce tapering, slimy phialides. ''Gliocladium'' can produce conidiophores that are branching and vertically oriented, similar to the genera ''Verticillium'', ''Trichoderma'' and '' Penicillium''. Conidia are single-celled and cylindrical, accumulating in slime droplets at the tips of phialides that often become confluent across the apex of the entire conidiophore. This characteristic is in contrast to the dry conidia borne in persistent chains that characterize members of the genus ''Penicillium''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q10505489

Sordariomycetes genera
Hypocreaceae
Taxa named by August Carl Joseph Corda
Taxa described in 1840