''Gleditsia'' (honey locust) is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
, subfamily
Caesalpinioideae
Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name ''Caesalpinia''. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae ...
,
native
Native may refer to:
People
* Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth
* Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory
** Native Americans (disambiguation)
In arts and entert ...
to North America and Asia. The Latin name commemorates
Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch
Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch (5 February 1714, in Leipzig – 5 October 1786, in Berlin) was a German physician and botanist known for pioneer investigations of plant sexuality and reproduction.
Biography
He studied medicine and other subjects a ...
, director of the
Berlin Botanical Garden
The Berlin Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum (german: Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin) is a botanical garden in the locality of the borough of , Berlin, Germany. Constructed between 1897 and 1910 under the guidance of archi ...
, who died in 1786.
Species
There are 12 species:
*''
Gleditsia amorphoides
''Gleditsia amorphoides'' is a tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Nor ...
'' (Griseb.) Taubert
*''
Gleditsia aquatica'' Marshall – water locust or swamp locust
*''
Gleditsia assamica'' Bor
*''
Gleditsia australis
''Gleditsia'' (honey locust) is a genus of trees in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, native to North America and Asia. The Latin name commemorates Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, director of the Berlin Botanical Garden, who died in 1 ...
'' F. B. Forbes & Hemsley
*''
Gleditsia caspica
''Gleditsia caspica'', the Caspian locust or Persian honeylocust, is a species of ''Gleditsia'' native to western Asia, in the Caucasus region of Azerbaijan and northern Iran, close to the Caspian Sea.Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary ...
'' Desf. – Caspian locust or Persian honeylocust
*''
Gleditsia fera
''Gleditsia'' (honey locust) is a genus of trees in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, native to North America and Asia. The Latin name commemorates Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, director of the Berlin Botanical Garden, who died in 1 ...
'' (Lour.) Merr.
*''
Gleditsia japonica
''Gleditsia japonica'', the Japanese locust, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the eastern Himalayas, central and southern China, Manchuria, Korea, and central and southern Japan. It is used as a street tree
...
'' Miq. – Japanese honey locust
*''
Gleditsia medogensis'' Z.C.Ni
*''
Gleditsia microphylla
''Gleditsia'' (honey locust) is a genus of trees in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, native to North America and Asia. The Latin name commemorates Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, director of the Berlin Botanical Garden, who died in 1 ...
'' D.Gordon ex Y.T.Lee
*''
Gleditsia rolfei'' S.Vidal
*''
Gleditsia sinensis'' Lam. – Chinese honey locust
*''
Gleditsia triacanthos
The honey locust (''Gleditsia triacanthos''), also known as the thorny locust or thorny honeylocust, is a deciduous tree in the family Fabaceae, native to central North America where it is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys. Honey ...
'' L. – thorny honey locust
Hybrids
*
''Gleditsia'' × ''texana'' Sarg. – Texas honey locust (=''G. aquatica'' × ''triacanthos)''
All the species are woody except for ''G. microphylla''. Their ability to fix nitrogen is debated; see .
Range and Taxonomy
''Gleditsia'' is found in East Asia, on the East Coast of the Americas, and in South America; small populations of certain species also exist around the Caspian Sea (''G. caspica'') and India (''G. assamica''). There are native species to all these regions. The theory is that ''Gleditsia'' originated in East Asia in the Eocene, crossed the land bridge across the North Pacific Ocean into North America, and then spread down to South America millions of years later.
''Gymnocladus'' is a sister genus of ''Gleditsia,'' and it too mimicked this dispersion pattern, except it came to the Americas much earlier.
Though there are no extant European ''Gleditsia'' species, there are fossils found in Europe which could mean that the genus also crossed the North Atlantic land bridge.
Certain ''Gleditsia'' species are in clades with species from other continents; an example is ''G. caspica'' (from the Caucusus), ''G. delavayi,'' and ''G. japonica'' (both from Asia), who are in a clade together.
''Gleditsia amorphoides'' is the most basal of the genus, most closely related to ''G. sinensis'' but not the North American species (''G. aquatica'' and ''G. triacanthos'').
Medicinal use
''Gleditsia sinensis'' is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in
Chinese herbology
Chinese herbology () is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A ''Nature'' editorial described TCM as "fraught with pseudoscience", and said that t ...
, where it is called ''zào jiá'' (
皂 荚).
References
Bibliography
*Philips, Roger. (1979). ''Trees of North America and Europe'', Random House, Inc., New York .
Fabaceae genera
Caesalpinioideae
{{Caesalpinioideae-stub