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Gillian May Armstrong (born 18 December 1950) is an Australian feature film and documentary
director Director may refer to: Literature * ''Director'' (magazine), a British magazine * ''The Director'' (novel), a 1971 novel by Henry Denker * ''The Director'' (play), a 2000 play by Nancy Hasty Music * Director (band), an Irish rock band * ''D ...
, who specializes in
period drama A historical drama (also period drama, costume drama, and period piece) is a work set in a past time period, usually used in the context of film and television. Historical drama includes historical fiction and romance film, romances, adventure f ...
. Her films often feature female perspectives and
protagonist A protagonist () is the main character of a story. The protagonist makes key decisions that affect the plot, primarily influencing the story and propelling it forward, and is often the character who faces the most significant obstacles. If a st ...
s. Many of her movies are historical dramas.


Early life

Armstrong was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 18 December 1950."Gillian Armstrong: Women Filmmakers & Their Filmes.
''Gale Biography in Context''
Gale Cengage Learning. Web.
She went to a local high school, Vermont High School (now
Vermont Secondary College Vermont Secondary College is a state high school located in the eastern Melbourne suburb of Vermont, Victoria, Australia. Vermont Secondary College opened as Vermont High School in 1962. The school buildings were constructed in stages between 19 ...
), and was the middle child of a local real estate agent father and a primary school teacher mother who gave up work to have a family.Higson, Rosalie."Gillian Armstrong: The Real Thin
''The Australian: Arts''
The Australian. Web
Armstrong stated in ''
The Australian ''The Australian'', with its Saturday edition, ''The Weekend Australian'', is a broadsheet newspaper published by News Corp Australia since 14 July 1964.Bruns, Axel. "3.1. The active audience: Transforming journalism from gatekeeping to gatew ...
'' that her parents were always very supportive of their hopes and dreams, which was not always the way it was for women in the 1960s and 70s. Her father was a frustrated photographer who wasn't allowed to follow his dreams professionally, yet always practised as an amateur. Armstrong reminisces of how she grew up in a dark room, learning all about photography. When she first decided to go to art school, Armstrong didn't have a very firm grasp on what she wanted to do. Armstrong grew up in the eastern suburb of
Mitcham Mitcham is an area within the London Borough of Merton in South London, England. It is centred southwest of Charing Cross. Originally a village in the county of Surrey, today it is mainly a residential suburb, and includes Mitcham Common. It h ...
. Armstrong was a technical theatre student at
Swinburne Technical College Swinburne University of Technology (often simply called Swinburne) is a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. It was founded in 1908 as the Eastern Suburbs Technical College by George Swinburne to serve those without access ...
while paying her tuition by working as a waitress. Originally, she attended school to become a theatrical set designer but the school that she attended also offered a film course. After she took it she was enamored by the great names of cinema and decided to enter the film industry. Then she won a scholarship to join the first 12 students at the country's first and only film school, the Australian Film and Television School. While she was in school, the Australian film industry was non existent, and she recalls how weird the accent sounded in new films, because it wasn't American, it was Australian.Brunette, Peter. "Gillian Armstrong's a Director. Period. So Don't Pigeonhole Her as a Feminist, Please
HighBeam Research.
The Washington Post. Web.
She attended
Swinburne Technical College Swinburne University of Technology (often simply called Swinburne) is a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. It was founded in 1908 as the Eastern Suburbs Technical College by George Swinburne to serve those without access ...
with the intention of becoming a theatre costume designer, but it was here she became increasingly interested in film. During this time, she was exposed to a range of artistic films that differentiated from the commercial cinema and television she was used to.Bear, Liza. "Liza Bear and Gillian Armstrong Reviewed work(s)", "
BOMB A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the Exothermic process, exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-t ...
", New Art Publications: Spring 1993, No. 43, pp. 50–53
After graduating from art school in 1968, Armstrong was set on pursuing a career in film. She began making short films of 2–10 minutes, and started work as an assistant editor in a commercial film house, which lasted a year.


Career

Following a string of small jobs within the Australian film industry, she achieved her first directorial recognition through her short film ''The Singer and the Dancer'' which won an award at the
Sydney Film Festival The Sydney Film Festival is an annual competitive film festival held in Sydney, Australia, usually over 12 days in June. A number of awards are given, the top one being the Sydney Film Prize. the festival's director is Nashen Moodley. Histo ...
. Armstrong became a film director at the age of 27.Reichl, Ruth. "At Tea With: Gillian Armstrong; A Lucky Director's Daring Career
''The New York Times''.
he New York Times He or HE may refer to: Language * He (pronoun), an English pronoun * He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ * He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets * He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' ...
. Web.
During the time of the development of Australian Cinema Armstrong recalls in a ''Washington Post'' interview that tremendous tax breaks led to a frightful overproduction. Everybody was interested in doing deals and even stockbrokers were becoming directors. However, very few of them had the commitment to cinema that Armstrong and others had, and the films would be shown for a week or two, or not released at all. After Armstrong's second film ''
My Brilliant Career ''My Brilliant Career'' is a 1901 novel written by Miles Franklin. It is the first of many novels by Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin (1879–1954), one of the major Australian writers of her time. It was written while she was still a teenager, ...
'', she had offers from Hollywood but quickly turned them all away, preferring to stay in Australia to make a deliberately small film called '' Starstruck''. After the release of ''Starstruck'', Armstrong went around giving interviews dressed in a large fuzzy blue sweater dress decorated with coloured beads, a black-and-white polka dot blouse, black tights and blue suede shoes all topped by a punk shag haircut. Following this success, Armstrong was commissioned by the South Australian Film Corporation to make a documentary exploring the lives of young teenage girls living in Adelaide, South Australia. This became ''Smokes and Lollies (1976)'', her first paid job as director. Armstrong's own interest in the girls led her to revisit them at ages 18, 26, 33 and 48, resulting in four more films in the style of the popular "
Up Series The ''Up'' series of documentary films follows the lives of ten males and four females in England beginning in 1964, when they were seven years old. The first film was titled ''Seven Up!'', with later films adjusting the number in the title t ...
". These are ''Fourteen's Good, Eighteen's Better (1980)'', ''Bingo, Bridesmaids and Braces (1988),'' ''Not Fourteen Again (1996)'', and her most recent film ''Love, Lust & Lies (2009)''Carter, Helen
"Gillian Armstrong"
"
Senses of Cinema ''Senses of Cinema'' is a quarterly online film magazine founded in 1999 by filmmaker Bill Mousoulis. Based in Melbourne, Australia, ''Senses of Cinema'' publishes work by film critics from all over the world, including critical essays, career ...
", Melbourne, 4 October 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2012
Armstrong's first feature-length film ''My Brilliant Career'' (1979), an adaptation of
Miles Franklin Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin (14 October 187919 September 1954), known as Miles Franklin, was an Australian writer and feminist who is best known for her novel ''My Brilliant Career'', published by Blackwoods of Edinburgh in 1901. While ...
's novel of the same name, was the first Australian feature-length film to be directed by a woman for 46 years. Armstrong received six awards at the 1979
Australian Film Awards Australian(s) may refer to: Australia * Australia, a country * Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia ** European Australians ** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists ** Aboriginal Au ...
(previously the Australian Film Institute Awards, or
AFI AFI may refer to: * ''Address-family identifier'', a 16 bit field of the Routing Information Protocol * Ashton Fletcher Irwin, an Australian drummer * AFI (band), an American rock band ** ''AFI'' (2004 album), a retrospective album by AFI rele ...
's) including Best Director. The film also brought considerable attention to its two main stars,
Judy Davis Judith Davis (born 23 April 1955) is an Australian actress in film, television, and on stage. With a career spanning over 40 years, she has been commended for her versatility and regarded as one of the finest actresses of her generation. Frequen ...
and
Sam Neill Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill (born 14 September 1947) is a New Zealand actor. Neill's near-50 year career has included leading roles in both dramas and blockbusters. Considered an "international leading man", he has been regarded as one o ...
who were relatively unknown at the time. Following the success of ''My Brilliant Career'', which was nominated for an Academy Award in Best Costume Design, Armstrong directed the Australian rock-musical ''Starstruck'' which proved her ability to tackle more contemporary and experimental subject matter and styles. She has directed a number of rock music videos in the early 1980s, including 1984's "
Bop Girl "Bop Girl" is the debut single by Australian pop singer Pat Wilson. The song was written by her then-husband, Ross Wilson of the bands Daddy Cool and Mondo Rock. "Bop Girl" was released in September 1983, peaking at number two on the Austr ...
" by
Pat Wilson Pat Wilson (born Patricia Mary Higgins; 11 June 1948) is an Australian singer and journalist. Wilson wrote for ''Go-Set'', a 1960s and 1970s pop music newspaper, under the pen-name "Mummy Cool" during 1971–1972. Wilson released several s ...
, which featured
Nicole Kidman Nicole Mary Kidman (born 20 June 1967) is an American and Australian actress and producer. Known for her work across various film and television productions from several genres, she has consistently ranked among the world's highest-paid act ...
. Since then, Armstrong has specialised in period drama. She was the first foreign woman to be approached by the American film company
MGM Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc., also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures and abbreviated as MGM, is an American film, television production, distribution and media company owned by Amazon through MGM Holdings, founded on April 17, 1924 a ...
to finance her direction of a big-budget feature, which became ''
Mrs. Soffel ''Mrs. Soffel'' is a 1984 American drama film directed by Gillian Armstrong, starring Diane Keaton and Mel Gibson and based on the story of condemned brothers Jack and Ed Biddle, who escaped prison with the aid of the warden's wife, Kate Soffel. ...
'' (1984) starring
Mel Gibson Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3, 1956) is an American actor, film director, and producer. He is best known for his action hero roles, particularly his breakout role as Max Rockatansky in the first three films of the post-apocaly ...
and
Diane Keaton Diane Keaton (''née'' Hall, born January 5, 1946) is an American actress and director. She has received various accolades throughout her career spanning over six decades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, two Golden Glo ...
. This film tells the true story of an affair between a prisoner and a prison warden's wife, and was relatively well received by audiences and critics.Erickson, Hal
"Gillian Armstrong"
"
he_New_York_Times_ He_or_HE_may_refer_to: _Language *_He_(pronoun),_an_English_pronoun *_He_(kana),_the_romanization_of_the_Japanese_kana_へ *__He_(letter),_the_fifth_letter_of_many_Semitic_alphabets *__He_(Cyrillic),_a_letter_of_the_Cyrillic_script_called_''He''__...
",_New_York,_2010._Retrieved_5_May_2012
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", New York, 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2012 On returning to Australia, Armstrong continued to make both documentaries and feature films. She earned great recognition for ''High Tide (1987 film)">High Tide Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another. Tide tables c ...
'' (1987) and ''The Last Days of Chez Nous'' (1992), for which she was nominated for Best Director at the 1987 and 1992 Australian Film Institute Awards (AFIs). ''The Last Days of Chez Nous'' also earned her a nomination at the Berlin Film Festival. Despite this, both films were largely unrecognised internationally Armstrong discusses the making of ''High Tide'' in the 2003 Canadian documentary ''Complete Unknown'' co-directed by Griffin Ondaatje and Craig Proctor. In 1994, Armstrong achieved her greatest Hollywood success with the Little Women (1994 film), adaptation of '' Little Women'', starring
Winona Ryder Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29, 1971), professionally known as Winona Ryder, is an American actress. Originally playing quirky roles, she rose to prominence for her more diverse performances in various genres in the 1990s. She has recei ...
,
Susan Sarandon Susan Abigail Sarandon (; née Tomalin; born October 4, 1946) is an American actorMcCabe, Bruce"Susan Sarandon, the 'actor'" ''Boston Globe''. April 17, 1981. Retrieved January 21, 2021. and activist. She is the recipient of various accolades, ...
,
Gabriel Byrne Gabriel James Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, audiobook narrator, and author. His acting career began in the Focus Theatre before he joined London's Royal Court Theatre in 1979. Byrne's s ...
,
Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English actor. Known for his versatility and physical transformations for his roles, he has been a leading man in films of several genres. He has received various accolades, including ...
,
Claire Danes Claire Catherine Danes (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress. She is the recipient of three Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2012, ''Time'' named her one of the 100 most influenti ...
and
Kirsten Dunst Kirsten Caroline Dunst (; born April 30, 1982) is an American actress. She made her acting debut in the short ''Oedipus Wrecks'' directed by Woody Allen in the anthology film '' New York Stories'' (1989). She then gained recognition for her ro ...
. This adaptation of
Louisa Mary Alcott Louisa May Alcott (; November 29, 1832March 6, 1888) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet best known as the author of the novel '' Little Women'' (1868) and its sequels ''Little Men'' (1871) and ''Jo's Boys'' (1886). Raised in ...
's novel was one of the most popular films of the year, and emphasises Armstrong's focus on portraying the intimate lives of strong female characters and their relationships with one another. She followed this success three years later with the film ''
Oscar and Lucinda ''Oscar and Lucinda'' is a novel by Australian author Peter Carey which won the 1988 Booker Prize and the 1989 Miles Franklin Award. It was shortlisted for The Best of the Booker. Plot introduction It tells the story of Oscar Hopkins, th ...
'' (1997), starring
Ralph Fiennes Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes ( ; born 22 December 1962) is an English actor, film producer, and director. A Shakespeare interpreter, he excelled onstage at the Royal National Theatre before having further success at the Royal Shak ...
and a relatively unknown
Cate Blanchett Catherine Elise Blanchett (; born 14 May 1969) is an Australian actor. Regarded as one of the finest performers of her generation, she is known for her versatile work across independent films, blockbusters, and the stage. She has received nu ...
. This film, based on the novel by Australian writer Peter Carey, tells the story of a mismatched love affair in 19th-century Australia. It received mixed reviews both locally and internationally, despite its high production value and strong performances by the film main actors. In the 2000s, Armstrong went on to direct the feature films '' Charlotte Gray'' (2001), starring Cate Blanchett, and ''
Death Defying Acts ''Death Defying Acts'' is a 2007 supernatural romance film, directed by Gillian Armstrong, and starring Guy Pearce and Catherine Zeta-Jones. It concerns an episode in the life of Hungarian- American escapologist Harry Houdini at the height of ...
'' (2008), starring
Catherine Zeta-Jones Catherine Zeta-Jones (; born 25 September 1969) is a Welsh actress. Known for her versatility, she is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Tony Award. In 2010, she was appointed C ...
and
Guy Pearce Guy Edward Pearce (born 5 October 1967) is an Australian actor. Born in Ely, Cambridgeshire in England, and raised in Geelong, Victoria (Australia), Victoria in Australia, he started his career portraying Mike Young (Neighbours), Mike Young in ...
. Based on the novel by
Sebastian Faulks Sebastian Charles Faulks (born 20 April 1953) is a British novelist, journalist and broadcaster. He is best known for his historical novels set in France – ''The Girl at the Lion d'Or'', '' Birdsong'' and '' Charlotte Gray''. He has also pub ...
, ''Charlotte Gray'' is another of Armstrong's films that centres around a strong female protagonist. Removed from Armstrong's usual subject matter, ''Death Defying Acts'' portrays a moment in the life of 1920s escape artist Harry Houdini in the style of a supernatural, romantic thriller. It received a modest earning at the box office, and was part of a special screening at the 2007
Toronto International Film Festival The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF, often stylized as tiff) is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Since its founding in 1976, TIFF has grown to become a permane ...
Despite the success of these more commercial films, it was Armstrong's lesser-known documentary '' Unfolding Florence: The Many Lives of Florence Broadhurst'' (2006), which earned her the most critical recognition during this time, and a nomination for the
Grand Jury Prize A film festival is an organized, extended presentation of films in one or more cinemas or screening venues, usually in a single city or region. Increasingly, film festivals show some films outdoors. Films may be of recent date and, depending upo ...
at the
Sundance Film Festival The Sundance Film Festival (formerly Utah/US Film Festival, then US Film and Video Festival) is an annual film festival organized by the Sundance Institute. It is the largest independent film festival in the United States, with more than 46,66 ...
.


Film themes and style


Themes

Armstrong has voiced her desire to reach a wide audience in her interviews, one that includes both men and women of all nationalities. However, her work continually addresses sexual politics and family tensions. Films focused on the escape and struggle with traditional sex roles and its related drawbacks and progressions such as ''One hundred a Day'', ''My Brilliant Career'', ''High Tide'', and ''Oscar and Lucinda'' continue to reflect the theme. Furthermore, many people have called her a creator of "strong females" but she insists that she is simply making films about complex characters and the choices that they make.


Style

Armstrong has a distinctive style in her work that resists easy categorisation. Most of her films cannot simply be stated as being either "women's films" or Australian ones which are the two most generalised categories for women in her line of work. Armstrong's films are described as mixing and intermingling genres in ways that recreate them as something vastly different than what they have been considered. Nevertheless, the films that Armstrong creates can also be considered conventional films in their appeal to the audience. Her films possess sensitive and delicate cinematography, fluid editing, an evocative feel for setting and costume, and a commitment to solid character development and acting. According to film scholar
Gwendolyn Audrey Foster Gwendolyn Audrey Foster is an experimental filmmaker, artist and author. She is Willa Cather Professor Emerita in Film Studies. Her work has focused on gender, race, ecofeminism, queer sexuality, eco-theory, and class studies. York College of ...
, Armstrong has a "strong feminist bent" and a "mordant sense of humor".
Gwendolyn Audrey Foster Gwendolyn Audrey Foster is an experimental filmmaker, artist and author. She is Willa Cather Professor Emerita in Film Studies. Her work has focused on gender, race, ecofeminism, queer sexuality, eco-theory, and class studies. York College of ...
, 1995, Greenwood Press, Westport (CT) & London, ''Women Film Directors: An International Bio-Critical Dictionary'', retrieved 15 December 2014, see page(s): 114


Personal life

Armstrong is married to John Pleffer, and they have two daughters.


Filmography


Awards and nominations


References


Sources


''The Story of Kerry, Josie and Diana – 14–47'' at DVD Resurrections
by Wizard of Gore.

by Wizard of Gore. * "Gillian Armstrong Meets up with Old Friend

By Sexton, Mike. * Vide
Gillian Armstrong Video Compilation
* "Armstrong and Cox: if a Picture Paints a Thousand Words

Big Ideas


External links

*

*
Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical DatabaseLiterature on Gillian Armstrong
{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Gillian 1950 births Living people Australian women film directors Australian documentary filmmakers Australian feminist writers Film directors from Melbourne Australian Film Television and Radio School alumni Swinburne University of Technology alumni Victorian College of the Arts alumni Australian women screenwriters Feminist filmmakers University of Melbourne women Women documentary filmmakers People educated at Sydney Church of England Girls Grammar School