![Gebrüder Alinari - General Durando (Zeno Fotografie)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gebr%C3%BCder_Alinari_-_General_Durando_%28Zeno_Fotografie%29.jpg)
Giacomo Durando (4 February 1807 – 21 August 1894) was an Italian general and statesman. His brother
Giovanni Giovanni may refer to:
* Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname
* Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data
* ''Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of ...
was also a general of the
Risorgimento
The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single ...
and a senator.
Biography
Durando was born at
Mondovì, in
Piedmont
it, Piemontese
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. He graduated in law in
Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...
in 1829.
He was implicated in a liberal plot aiming to extort a constitution from king
Charles Felix: after having been discovered, he was obliged to take refuge abroad together with his brother, first in
Kentucky
Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...
and then in France. In 1831 he fought in a foreign corps in the
Belgian Revolution, and, the following year, he moved to
Nashville
Nashville is the capital city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County. With a population of 689,447 at the 2020 U.S. census, Nashville is the most populous city in the state, 21st most-populous city in the U.S., and the ...
where he was enrolled in a cavalry regiment of the constitutionalist army of King
Pedro IV. The following year he entered the service of Spain, when he fought in various campaigns, and was promoted colonel in 1838.
After a short stay in France he returned to Italy and identified himself with the Liberal movement; he became an active journalist, and founded a newspaper called ''L'Opinione'' in 1847. In 1848 he was one of those who asked
King Charles Albert
Charles Albert (; 2 October 1798 – 28 July 1849) was the King of Sardinia from 27 April 1831 until 23 March 1849. His name is bound up with the first Italian constitution, the Albertine Statute, and with the First Italian War of Independenc ...
for the constitution.
On the outbreak of the
First Italian Independence War against
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
he took command of the Lombard volunteers as major-general, and in the campaign of 1849 he was ''
aide-de-camp'' to the king. He was elected member of the first Piedmontese parliament and was a strenuous supporter of
Cavour; during the
Sardinian expedition to Crimean he took
General La Marmora's place as war minister.
In 1855 he was nominated senator, lieutenant-general in 1856 and
ambassador to Constantinople in 1856, and minister for foreign affairs in the
Rattazzi cabinet two years later. During the
Third Italian War of Independence
The Third Italian War of Independence ( it, Terza Guerra d'Indipendenza Italiana) was a war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire fought between June and August 1866. The conflict paralleled the Austro-Prussian War and resulted in ...
his brother Giovanni commanded the I Corps, which was badly mauled at
Custoza. He was
president of the Italian Senate
The President of the Senate of the Republic ( it, Presidente del Senato della Repubblica) is the presiding officer of the Italian Senate. The President of the Senate is the second highest-ranking office of the Italian Republic (after the Preside ...
from 1884 to 1887, after which year he retired from the army.
He died at Rome in August 1894.
Honours and awards
*
Kingdom of Sardinia
The Kingdom of Sardinia,The name of the state was originally Latin: , or when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica. In Italian it is , in French , in Sardinian , and in Piedmontese . also referred to as the Kingdom of Savoy-S ...
:
** Grand Officer of the
Military Order of Savoy
The Military Order of Savoy was a military honorary order of the Kingdom of Sardinia first, and of the Kingdom of Italy later. Following the abolition of the Italian monarchy, the order became the Military Order of Italy.
History
The origin o ...
, ''21 February 1856''
["Durando Giacomo"](_blank)
(in Italian), ''Il sito ufficiale della Presidenza della Repubblica''. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
**
Knight of the Annunciation, ''7 June 1887''
**
Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, ''1887''
**
Grand Cross of the Crown of Italy
The Order of the Crown of Italy ( it, Ordine della Corona d'Italia, italic=no or OCI) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861. It was awarded in five degrees for civi ...
, ''1887''
References
*
External links
"Giacomo Durando" in the Enciclopedia Italiana's ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Durando
1807 births
1894 deaths
People from Mondovì
Italian people of the Italian unification
Italian generals
Presidents of the Italian Senate
Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
Ambassadors of Italy to the Ottoman Empire
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Italy)
Grand Officers of the Military Order of Savoy
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa
category:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 4th class