Dozaleh (Persian: دوزَله) is as

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

ian-

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

folk instrument. The dozaleh is made of two pipes. One of them produces melody and the other harmony. It sounds like a

Ney-anbān Ney-anbān ( fa, نی انبان , numerous Latin spellings), is a type of bagpipe which is popular in southern Iran, especially around Bushehr. The term ''ney-anban'' literally means "bag pipe", - ''Nai, signifies a reed, pipe, &c, and Anban or ...

and it is very dynamic. The instrument is played in the Middle East among the Kurdish people, and further east it is included in the music traditions of the Tajik and Uzbek peoples.

Names

The instrument is called Dozaleh (دو زَله) in Kurdistan, from zal (زَل), the Kurdish word for the stem of the zal reed. The instrument goes by a variety of names in Iran. It is known as ''Jannati'' (Persian, "pair": جفتی) in Hormozgan, ''Do Ney'' (Persian, "two reeds": دو نی) in Lorestan, ''Do Sazeh'' (Persian, "two structures": دو سازه) in

South Khorasan Province South Khorasan Province ( fa, استان خراسان جنوبی ''Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Jonūbī'') is a province located in eastern Iran. Birjand is the centre of the province. The other major cities are Ferdows, Tabas and Qaen. In 2014, it wa ...

, and ''Ghoshmeh'' (Persian: قوشمه) among Khorasan's Kurdish people. Ghoshmeh may have come from the tradition of making the instruments from the bones of birds, although one linguist suggests other possibilities, including "pair."

Ghoshmeh

file:Ghoshmeh.jpg, Ghoshmeh. (قشمه استخوانی "Bone ghoshmeh"). Instrument made from bird bones File:Doneye alminiyom.jpg, Aluminum-bodied instrument (قوشمه از جنس آلمینیوم "Ghoshmeh made of aluminum") File:Ostokhan oghab bal.jpg, Image showing location of eagle bones used to make the Ghoshmeh and the bones in the polishing stage. file:Qanbar-Rastgoo.jpg, Musician Ghanbar Rastgoo playing Hormozgan's version of the "Saz" (instrument, ساز) + "gifti" (paired, جفتی). (Saz gifti, paired instrument, ساز جفتی). File:Pastimes of Central Asians. Musicians. A Man Playing a Surnay, a Small Flute-like Instrument WDL10822.png, Musician from

Russian Turkestan Russian Turkestan (russian: Русский Туркестан, Russkiy Turkestan) was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire’s Central Asian territories, and was administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship. It comprised the ...

, about 1872, playing the ''koshnai'' (variation of the word ''ghoshmeh'').

History

Dozaleh or (Donay in Kurdish) is a very old instrument that is one of the first Iranian wind instruments. In Kurdish areas, this instrument is made from a plant called Zaleh, which grows near rivers. In modern times, the instrument's body has also been made from aluminum or copper tubes. This photo shows three different models of dozaleh, the model on the right is made by bone of some animals. The middle dozeleh is for Greater Khorasan, Khorasan region and the photo on the left is for

regions. The instrument has been seen as sufficiently important to Iranian culture and history to encourage interest in it, through placement on the Iran National Heritage List. It is placed in works of North Khorasan in the "field of intangible cultural heritage", item 1543: Techniques and skills of making Ghoshmeh local instrument.

Playing

This instrument has 5 to 7 holes in each reed. It is played by three middle fingers of both hands, which are placed on the holes of the instrument. The thumbs take the instrument from behind. The musician puts the instrument's reed "tongue" inside his mouth and blows into it.

References

Hamshahrionline (Persian: همشهری آنلاین), online version of the Hamshahri Iranian daily paper. Article from 20 February 2017: Familiarity with Dozle instrument (آشنایی با ساز دوزله)
*Global Minstrels: Voices of World Music. Elijah Wald. 2012. p. 227. .

External links

{{Single reeds Iranian musical instruments Kurdish musical instruments Single-reed instruments Kurdish words and phrases