Ghaghra block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the

Gumla subdivision Gumla subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Gumla district in the South Chotanagpur division in the state of Jharkhand, India. History Gumla was made a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1902 and it was made a subdivision of Guml ...

Gumla district Gumla district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Gumla town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Etymology For centuries, the place was a meeting center for people from the hinterland who flocked ...

, in the Indian state of

Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It has an area of . It ...

History

Gumla became a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1902 and it became a separate district in 1983. Simdega district was carved out of Gumla district in 2011. Subsequently, Gumla district was divided into three subdivisions – Gumla Sadar subdivision (with Gumla, Ghaghra, Bharno, Bishunpur, Raidih and Sisia blocks), Basia subdivision (with Palkot, Basia and Kamdara blocks), and Chainpur subdivision (with Chainpur, Albert Ekka (Jari) and Dumri blocks).

Maoist activities

The

Maoist Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of Ch ...

insurgency started spreading around the mid-1990s and poses a big challenge to peace and development of the district. It “is involved in abduction, extortion, extortion killings.” The banned organisation is active largely in the eastern part of the district mainly in Kamadara, Basia, Palkot, Gumla, Raidih, Sisai and Bharno police stations. In order to counter the activities of the insurgents, arms, ammunition and security equipment have been provided in every police station. It includes bullet-proof and landmine-proof vehicles.

Geography

In the southern portion of Gumla district, there are flat topped hills called ''pat'', with an elevation ranging from 2,500 feet to 3,000 feet. The ''pat'' region is spread across Bishunpur, Chainpur and Ghaghra CD blocks. The highest areas are Netarhat pat (3,356 ft), Lamiti pat (3,777 ft) and Galgat pat (3,823 ft). The rest of the district occupies a part of the Ranchi Plateau with an average elevation of 2,300 feet. Three major rivers flowing through Gumla district are

North Koel River North Koel River flows through the Indian state of Jharkhand. Course The North Koel rises on the Chhota Nagpur plateau and enters Latehar district , below Netarhat near Rud. After flowing nearly due west for about , it turns north at an almos ...

South Koel River South Koel River ( or, ଦକ୍ଷିଣ କୋଏଲ ନଦୀ; hi, दक्षिण कोयल नदी) is a long river which runs across Jharkhand and Odisha states in India. It originates on the Lawapani Waterfalls, near Lohardaga, ...

and

Sankh River The Sankh River flows across Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha states in India. The river flows for before it meets the Koel River in Odisha. Course The river starts above sea level in Lupungpat village in Gumla district in Jharkhand and f ...

. Ghaghra CD block is bounded by

Senha Senha is a village in the Senha CD block in the Lohardaga Sadar subdivision of the Lohardaga district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Senha is located at Area overview The map alongsid ...

CD block in Lohardaga district on the north, Sisiai CD block on the east,

Gumla Gumla is a city which is the district headquarters in the Gumla subdivision of the Gumla district in the state of Jharkhand, India. History Gumla began as a hamlet. A week-long "Cow Fair" (''Gau-Mela'') took place every year, where items in d ...

and

Chainpur block, Gumla Chainpur block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Chainpur subdivision of Gumla district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand. History Before 1920 Chainpur was a part of Kulmunda Estate and ruled by the Khawas (khas) ...

CD blocks on the south, and Bishunpur CD block on the west. Ghaghra CD block has an area of 544.67 km².

Ghaghra Ghaghra is a census town in the Ghaghra CD block in the Gumla subdivision of the Gumla district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Ghaghra is located at Area overview The map alongside present ...

police station serves Ghaghra CD block. The headquarters of Ghaghra CD block is located at

town.

Demographics

Population

According to the

2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...

, Ghaghra CD block had a total population of 114,399, of which 105,819 were rural and 8,580 were urban. There were 57,147 (50%) males and 57,252 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 20,906.

Scheduled Castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 2,102 (1.84%) and

Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 88,805 (77.63%). The only

census town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...

in Ghaghra CD block is (2011 population figure in brackets):

(8,580).

Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Ghaghra CD block was 53,815 (57.56% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 31,975 (68.76% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 21,840 (46.48% of the female population over 6 years). The

gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...

(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22.29%. census, literacy in Gumla district was 66.92%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. See also –

List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of Jharkhand ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 67.63%, below the national average of 74.04%, as per the 2011 Census, Jharkhand ranks 32nd amongst ...

Language and religion

According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue 2011'' data, in the Ghaghra subdistrict, Kurukh was the mother-tongue of 55,710 persons forming 48.69% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets)

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

(54,711/ 47.82%), Mundari (1,175/ 1.03%), Kharia (431/ 0.38%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (2,385/ 2.08%). Persons with Hindi as mother-tongue included 15,328 persons having

Sadri Sadri is a municipality in the Pali district of Rajasthan, India. It is considered the gateway to Marwar from Mewar. Sadri is one of the main places of worship for the Jain community. Ranakpur Temple and Shri Parshuram Mahadev Mandir are locate ...

/ Sadan, 31,285 persons having Nagpuri as mother-tongue.
Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 300 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 300 persons as their mother-tongue in the census data are normally included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details. The census data for this page has a large amount for “other languages”, without any information.

is the official language in Jharkhand and

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

According to the ''Population by Religious Communities 2011'' data, in the Ghaghra subdistrict, ‘Other religious communities’ numbered 281,972 and formed 89.74%of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets)

Hindus Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...

(25,191/ 8.02%),

Christians Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

(4,400/ 1.40%),

Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...

(2,346/ 0.75%), and persons who did not state their religion (290/ 0.09%) ).

numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): Oraon, Dhangars (62.63%), Munda, Patars (11.70%), Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and

Chik Baraik Chik Baraik (also Chik, Chikwa, Baraik and Badaik) is a community found in Indian State of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha. They were traditionally Weaver. Etymology "Chik" means cloth in Prakrit. The title of "Baraik" was given to them by th ...

(2.57%).

Economy

Overview

80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%. According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."

Livelihood

In Ghaghra CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 4,2113 and formed 74.85%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,730 and formed 15.52%, household industry workers numbered 1,158 and formed 2.06% and other workers numbered 4,264 and formed 7.58%. Total workers numbered 56,265 and formed 49.18% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 58,134 and formed 50.82% of the population.

Infrastructure

There are 119 inhabited villages in Ghaghra CD block. In 2011, 21 villages had power supply. 2 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 119 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 114 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 13 villages had post offices, 16 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephones (land lines), 51 villages had mobile phone coverage. 119 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 16 villages had bus service (public/ private), 14 villages had autos/ modified autos, 7 villages had taxi/vans, 20 villages had tractors. 5 villages had bank branches, 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, 48 villages had

public distribution system The Public Distribution System (PDS) is an Indian food security system that was established by the Government of India under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution to distribute food and non-food items to India's poor a ...

, 16 villages had

assembly Assembly may refer to: Organisations and meetings * Deliberative assembly, a gathering of members who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions * General assembly, an official meeting of the members of an organization or of their representa ...

polling stations.

Agriculture

In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain lands. Rest of the district is mostly undulating in nature. Forests cover around 27% of the total area. About 35% of the total geographical area of the district is under cultivation. Out of 3.296 lakh hectare cultivable lands, only 22,056 hectare of land is under assured irrigation coverage. “The main economy of the village depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, and other labour activities...” About 70% farmers belong to the small and marginal category and have small plots scattered all around. Percentages of landless farmers are negligible.

Bauxite mining

Bauxite Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO(O ...

and laterite (aluminium ore) is found in “villages of Amtipani, Langdatanr, Chirodih,

Jalim Jalim (also called Jalim Senai) is a village/ Bauxite mining site in the Bishunpur CD block in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Gumla district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Jalim is located a ...

, Narma, Bahagara and

Gurdari Gurdari is a village/ Bauxite mining centre in the Bishunpur CD block in the Gumla subdivision of the Gumla district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Gurdari is located at Area overview The map ...

of Bishunpur block, Langatanr, Lupungpat and Chota-agiatu in Chainpur block and Hanrup,

Serangdag Serangdag is a village/ Bauxite mining centre in the Ghaghra CD block in the Gumla subdivision of the Gumla district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Serangdag is located at Area overview The ma ...

and Jalim in Ghaghra block. The total number of bauxite mines is twenty one”.

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Gumla district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the

Backward Regions Grant Fund Backward or Backwards is a relative direction. Backwards or Sdrawkcab (the word "backwards" with its letters reversed) may also refer to: * "Backwards" (''Red Dwarf''), episode of sci-fi TV sitcom ''Red Dwarf'' ** ''Backwards'' (novel), a nov ...

. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.

Education

Ghaghra CD block had 30 villages with pre-primary schools, 111 villages with primary schools, 39 villages with middle schools, 7 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 7 villages had no educational facility.
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Healthcare

Ghaghra CD block had 4 villages with primary health centres, 23 villages with primary health subcentres, 14 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 2 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with veterinary hospitals, 4 villages with family welfare centres.
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

References

Community development blocks in Gumla district {{Jharkhand-geo-stub