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Gers (; oc, Gers or , ) is a
department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...
in the region of
Occitania Occitania ( oc, Occitània , , or ) is the historical region in Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe where the Occitan language, Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes still used as a second language. This ...
, Southwestern France. Named after the Gers River, its inhabitants are called the ''Gersois'' and ''Gersoises'' in
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
. In 2019, it had a population of 191,377.Populations légales 2019: 32 Gers
INSEE


History

In the Middle Ages, the Lordship of L'Isle-Jourdain was nearby. Gers is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and
Gascony Gascony (; french: Gascogne ; oc, Gasconha ; eu, Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part o ...
. It is surrounded by the departments of
Hautes-Pyrénées Hautes-Pyrénées (; Gascon/Occitan: ''Nauts Pirenèus / Hauts Pirenèus'' awts piɾeˈnɛʊs es, Altos Pirineos; ca, Alts Pirineus alts piɾiˈneʊs English: Upper Pyrenees) is a department in the region of Occitania, southwestern France. ...
, Haute-Garonne, Tarn-et-Garonne, Lot-et-Garonne,
Landes ''Landes'', or ''Lanas'' in Gascon, means moorland or heath. ''Landes'' and ''Lanas'' come from the Latin ''plānus'' meaning “‘flat, even, level, plain’”. They are therefore cognate with the English plain (and plane), the Spanish word '' ...
and Pyrénées-Atlantiques. In 1808 it lost
Lavit Lavit (; oc, La Vit) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Ov ...
on its north-eastern side to the newly created department of Tarn-et-Garonne.


Culture

The culture is largely agricultural, with great emphasis on the local
gastronomical Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastr ...
specialties such as: * Armagnac brandy; * Côtes de Gascogne; * Floc de Gascogne; * Foie gras; * Wild mushrooms. Also, some prominent cultivated crops are
corn Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
, colza, sunflowers and
grain A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legum ...
. The
Gascon language Gascon (; , ) is the name of the vernacular Romance languages, Romance variety spoken mainly in the region of Gascony, France. It is often considered a variety (linguistics), variety of Occitan language, Occitan, although some authors consider ...
is a dialect of Occitan, but it is not widely spoken. The department is characterised by sleepy bastide villages and rolling hills with the Pyrenees visible to the south.
Alexandre Dumas, père Alexandre Dumas (, ; ; born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (), 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas père (where ''Suffix (name)#Generational titles, '' is French language, French for 'father', to distinguish him from ...
created the famous Gersois d'Artagnan, the fourth
musketeer A musketeer (french: mousquetaire) was a type of soldier equipped with a musket. Musketeers were an important part of early modern warfare particularly in Europe as they normally comprised the majority of their infantry. The musketeer was a pre ...
of '' The Three Musketeers''. A museum to d'Artagnan is found in the Gersois village of Lupiac. A horse race at the Auteuil Hippodrome has been named after André Boingnères, a notable local race-horse owner and the successful Mayor of Termes-d'Armagnac between 1951 and 1976.


Politics


Departmental Council of Gers

The President of the Departmental Council of Gers is Philippe Dupouy of the Socialist Party since 2022. He succeeded Philippe Martin, who had been in office since 2014. The assembly comprises 34 seats, allocated as follow since the 2015 departmental elections:


Members of the National Assembly

Gers elected the following members of the National Assembly during the 2017 legislative election:


Demography

Located in Southwestern France, Gers is often referred to as amongst the least densely populated (30.5 people/km2 in 2016), least urban, or most rural, areas in all of Western Europe. List of the 10 most populous communes of the department:


Climate

The annual rain varies from more than 900 mm in the south-west of the department, to less than 700 mm in the North-East (
Auch Auch (; oc, label= Gascon, Aush ) is a commune in southwestern France. Located in the region of Occitanie, it is the capital of the Gers department. Auch is the historical capital of Gascony. Geography Localization Hydrography The Riv ...
,
Condom A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are both male and female condoms. With proper use—and use at every act of in ...
, Lectoure). The winters vary, with only occasional freezing temperatures, but the climate remains mild and dry. The amount of sunshine is about 1950 hours/years. The summers are hot and dry.
Auch Auch (; oc, label= Gascon, Aush ) is a commune in southwestern France. Located in the region of Occitanie, it is the capital of the Gers department. Auch is the historical capital of Gascony. Geography Localization Hydrography The Riv ...
is, together with Toulouse,
Nîmes Nîmes ( , ; oc, Nimes ; Latin: ''Nemausus'') is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and Cévennes, the commune of Nîmes has an estimated population of 148,5 ...
, Carpentras,
Ajaccio Ajaccio (, , ; French: ; it, Aiaccio or ; co, Aiacciu , locally: ; la, Adiacium) is a French commune, prefecture of the department of Corse-du-Sud, and head office of the ''Collectivité territoriale de Corse'' (capital city of Corsica). ...
, Marseille, Toulon and
Perpignan Perpignan (, , ; ca, Perpinyà ; es, Perpiñán ; it, Perpignano ) is the prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France, in the heart of the plain of Roussillon, at the foot of the Pyrenees a few kilometres from the ...
, one of the hottest cities in France.


Tourism

According to recent data tourism represents annually: * 610 000 tourists, * 5.900.000 nights, * 22.100 commercial beds, * 2 400 paid employment related to tourism, * the tourist represent an equivalent of 17.100 permanent inhabitants, * their estimated expenditure is €141.000.000 . File:Tower of Armagnac, Auch, Gers, France.JPG,
Auch Auch (; oc, label= Gascon, Aush ) is a commune in southwestern France. Located in the region of Occitanie, it is the capital of the Gers department. Auch is the historical capital of Gascony. Geography Localization Hydrography The Riv ...
File:Montréal Gers Place de l'hôtel de ville -1.JPG, Montréal, Gers File:Larressingle - Enceinte fortifiée et tour ouest.jpg, Larressingle File:Eglise Barran1.JPG,
Barran Barran () is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France. Geography Barran is located on the river Baïse from the capital of the Gers department, Auch. History Barran is a typical example of a bastide, those villages that w ...
File:Armagnac-img 0465.jpg, Armagnac File:Moulard Duck Foie Gras with Pickled Pear.jpg, Moulard duck foie gras with pickled pear


See also

* Cantons of the Gers department *
Communes of the Gers department The following is a list of the 461 communes of the Gers department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Arrondissements of the Gers department


References


External links

*
Departmental Council website
*
Prefecture website
* Welcome to the Gers in Gascon
Tourisme Gers - Vos vacances en France dans le Gers, coeur du Sud Ouest et de l'Occitanie
{{Authority control 1790 establishments in France Departments of Occitania (administrative region) States and territories established in 1790