Eugène Adolphe Henri Georges Wybo (11 October 1880 – 18 January 1943) was a French architect who is known for the casino and the ''Hôtel Royal'' in
Deauville
Deauville () is a commune in the Calvados department, Normandy, northwestern France. Major attractions include its harbour, race course, marinas, conference centre, villas, Grand Casino, and sumptuous hotels. The first Deauville Asian Film Fes ...
, and for the department stores that he built for the ''
Printemps
Printemps (; meaning "spring (season), springtime" in French language, French) is a French department store chain (french: grand magasin, links=no, literally "big store"). The Printemps stores focus on beauty, lifestyle, fashion, accessories ...
'' chain.
Life
Georges Wybo was born in Paris in 1880, the son of a jeweler.
He was admitted to the ''
École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century ...
'' in 1899, where he studied under
Victor Laloux
Victor Alexandre Frederic Laloux (15 November 1850 – 13 July 1937) was a French Beaux-Arts architect and teacher.
Life
Born in Tours, Laloux studied at the Paris École des Beaux-Arts ''atelier'' of Louis-Jules André, with his studies i ...
.
He won the Chaudesaigues prize in 1901, but does not appear to have graduated.
He exhibited regularly at the annual salons of the ''
Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts
Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (SNBA; ; en, National Society of Fine Arts) was the term under which two groups of French artists united, the first for some exhibitions in the early 1860s, the second since 1890 for annual exhibitions.
1862
Es ...
'' from 1900 to 1910.
During this period he made theater sets, designed the monument built in
Ris-Orangis
Ris-Orangis () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
Inhabitants of Ris-Orangis are known as ''Rissois''.
History
The commune of Ris-Orangis was created in 1793 by the merger of the com ...
in memory of the singers who were lost with the sinking of the liner ''Général-Chanzy'', and designed the tomb of the cartoonist
Caran d'Ache
Caran d'Ache was the pseudonym of the 19th century French satirist and political cartoonist Emmanuel Poiré (6 November 1858 – 25 February 1909). The pseudonym comes from russian: карандаш, italic=unset, translit=karandash meani ...
in
Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines.
Wybo also designed various houses in the country.
![Casino de deauville](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Casino_de_deauville.JPG)
Wybo's first major commission was for the casino in
Deauville
Deauville () is a commune in the Calvados department, Normandy, northwestern France. Major attractions include its harbour, race course, marinas, conference centre, villas, Grand Casino, and sumptuous hotels. The first Deauville Asian Film Fes ...
(1911–12), which drew inspiration from the
Grand Trianon
The Grand Trianon () is a French Baroque style château situated in the northwestern part of the Domain of Versailles in Versailles, France. It was built at the request of King Louis XIV of France as a retreat for himself and his ''maîtresse-en ...
.
The work combined ostentatious luxury with functionality, and led to further commissions in Deauville.
In 1913 Wybo and Théo Petit designed the Hôtel Royal in Deauville.
In 1912 he replaced René Binet as chief architect of the ''
Printemps
Printemps (; meaning "spring (season), springtime" in French language, French) is a French department store chain (french: grand magasin, links=no, literally "big store"). The Printemps stores focus on beauty, lifestyle, fashion, accessories ...
'' department store.
He designed forty stores for ''Printemps'' including reconstruction of the building on the
Boulevard Haussmann
Boulevard Haussmann, long from the 8th to the 9th arrondissement,
is one of the wide tree-lined boulevards created in Paris by Napoleon III, under the direction of his Prefect of the Seine, Baron Haussmann.
The Boulevard Haussmann is mostly l ...
in the 9th arondissement of Paris after a fire in 1921.
Between 1917 and 1922 Wybo constructed the buildings of Grands-Moulins. The largest is on the bank of the
Seine
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.
They were later renovated by
Rudy Ricciotti
Rudy Ricciotti (born 22 August 1952) is a French architect and publisher.Lanie GoodmanGround Breaker ''The New York Times'', September 17, 2012 , and the largest is now entirely occupied by a library.
In 1919 the Commission on Reconstruction gave him responsibility for urban planning in several towns in the
Ardennes
The Ardennes (french: Ardenne ; nl, Ardennen ; german: Ardennen; wa, Årdene ; lb, Ardennen ), also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes, is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in Be ...
.
In the 1920s Wybo worked for the car manufacturer
André Citroën
André-Gustave Citroën (; 5 February 1878 – 3 July 1935) was a French industrialist and the founder of French automaker Citroën. He is remembered chiefly for the make of car named after him, but also for his application of double helical ...
for whom he developed stylish showrooms and garages.
![Paris-FR-75-Expo 1925 Arts décoratifs-pavillon du Printemps](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_du_Printemps.jpg)
A lavish display by Primavera was arranged for the ''
Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs'' in Paris in 1925.
The Primavera pavilion was designed by the architects
Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
and Georges Wybo.
It had a post-and-beam construction supporting a reinforced concrete dome in diameter.
The dome was studded with large lenses of colored glass made by
René Lalique
René Jules Lalique (6 April 1860 – 1 May 1945) was a French jeweller, medallist, and glass designer known for his creations of glass art, perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks, and automobile hood ornaments.
Life
Lalique's ...
, which looked like "boulders that are still wet from the sea".
Charlotte Chauchet and
René Guilleré
René Guilleré (16 August 1878 – 24 November 1931) was a French lawyer who founded the ''Ateliers Primavera'', which made decorative art objects.
Life
René Guilleré was born in 1878.
He became a lawyer.
He was a lover of art and music, a col ...
undertook the interior design, with advice from
Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann.
The pavilion was one of four, with the products of the other studios placed at the other corners of the exposition, where they were the main attractions of the event. The temple-like building was criticized as being overblown, but the interior presented an elegant and refined decor.
![Expo1929 PavelloFrança](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Expo1929_PavelloFran%C3%A7a.jpg)
Wybo designed the
Hotel George V
Four Seasons Hotel George V ( ) is a luxury hotel on avenue George V in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.
History
The Hotel George V, named for King George V of the United Kingdom, opened in 1928. It was financed, at a cost of $31 million (60 mi ...
near the
Arc de Triomphe
The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (, , ; ) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the ''étoile'' ...
for the American hotelier Joel Hillman in 1928.
The hotel has a huge marbled foyer, a large anteroom and a huge interior corridor, so it could accommodate a crowd of visitors with their luggage.
In 1929 Wybo designed the Hôtel du Golf in Deauville.
He designed the French pavilion at the
1929 Barcelona International Exposition
The 1929 Barcelona International Exposition (also 1929 Barcelona Universal Exposition, or Expo 1929, officially in Spanish: ''Exposición Internacional de Barcelona 1929'' was the second World Fair to be held in Barcelona, the first one being i ...
, located in the Plaza de los Reyes in the angle formed by two naves of the Palace of Alfonso XIII.
The structure was modern, sober and elegant.
The building was in a classical style with
Art Deco
Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...
elements. It was a single-volume building in the shape of a cube, with its roof formed by superimposed stepped rectangular sections, like a ziggurat, with a sculpture at the front in the shape of a woman and the initials R. F. (''République Française'').
From 1931 Wybo was architect for the Prisunic stores, a subsidiary of Printemps.
He built more than twelve stores for this chain in different parts of France.
Georges Wybo died in Paris in 1943.
Selected works
Apart from the many department stores, Wybo designed various other significant buildings including:
*1911–12: New casino in
Deauville
Deauville () is a commune in the Calvados department, Normandy, northwestern France. Major attractions include its harbour, race course, marinas, conference centre, villas, Grand Casino, and sumptuous hotels. The first Deauville Asian Film Fes ...
*1917–21: ''Grands Moulins de Paris''
*1923: ''Hôtel Royal'' in Deauville
*1925: Primavera pavilion, with Henri Sauvage
*1928: ''
Hotel George V
Four Seasons Hotel George V ( ) is a luxury hotel on avenue George V in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.
History
The Hotel George V, named for King George V of the United Kingdom, opened in 1928. It was financed, at a cost of $31 million (60 mi ...
'' near the
Champs-Élysées
The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (, ; ) is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France, long and wide, running between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is lo ...
*1929: ''Hôtel du Golf'' in Deauville
*1931: ''Theatre des Ambassadeurs'' near the Champs-Élysées
Publications
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Notes
Sources
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wybo, Eugene Adolphe Henri Georges
1880 births
1943 deaths
Architects from Paris
20th-century French architects