George Vaughan Maddox (1802–27 February 1864) was a nineteenth-century British architect and builder, whose work was undertaken principally in the town of
Monmouth, Wales, and in the
wider county. Working mainly in a
Neo-Classical style, his extensive output made a significant contribution to the Monmouth townscape. The architectural historian
John Newman considers that Monmouth owes to Maddox "its particular architectural flavour. For two decades from the mid-1820s he put up a sequence of public buildings and private houses in the town, in a style deft, cultured, and only occasionally unresolved." The
Market Hall and
1-6 Priory Street are considered his "most important projects".
Life and works
Maddox was born in 1802, the son of a builder, John Maddox, who also worked in the county.
Howard Colvin
Sir Howard Montagu Colvin (15 October 1919 – 27 December 2007) was a British architectural historian who produced two of the most outstanding works of scholarship in his field: ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840' ...
suggests he was related to
George Maddox. Maddox undertook a range of building commissions, including
public works
Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings ( municipal buildings, sc ...
, churches and private domestic and commercial buildings.
Public works
Maddox designed some of Monmouth's most notable buildings including "his major work" the
Market Hall. In the early 1830s, he won a competition organised by the
borough council
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
History
In the Middle A ...
in Monmouth. The council had two main objectives: to relieve
Church Street, then the major route into the town from the east, of through traffic; and to provide a new
market hall, to allow the removal of the existing market from beneath the
Shire Hall, enabling the expansion of that building to accommodate the new
Assizes court. Maddox proposed a new carriage road running above the bank of the
River Monnow
The River Monnow ( cy, Afon Mynwy) marks the England–Wales border for much of its length. After flowing through southwest Herefordshire, England, and eastern Monmouthshire, Wales, its confluence with the River Wye is approximately south of ...
, supported by a
viaduct. The
Market Hall, with a crescent-shaped frontage of
Bath Stone in a
Doric style, and an
Ionic cupola
In architecture, a cupola () is a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure on top of a building. Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome.
The word derives, via Italian, fro ...
and
clerestory above the central part of the building, was built on one side of the road, and a long convex
stuccoed frontage,
1-6 Priory Street, on the opposite side. A range of
slaughterhouses, the Shambles, comprising 24 rooms with openings onto the river so that their waste would drain directly into it, were sited beneath the sandstone arches of the viaduct. The new road, now Priory Street, was opened in 1834, and the Market Hall in 1840. John Newman notes the ingenuity and innovation of Maddox's scheme, which created "a remarkably early inner bypass".
Churches
In Monmouth, Maddox designed
the Methodist Church.
The
Victoria County History
The Victoria History of the Counties of England, commonly known as the Victoria County History or the VCH, is an English history project which began in 1899 with the aim of creating an encyclopaedic history of each of the historic counties of En ...
notes that Maddox undertook work at
Hempsted
Hempsted is a suburban village and former civil parish, now in the unparished area of Gloucester, in the Gloucester district, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. In 1961 the parish had a population of 508.
History
An ancient area of Glo ...
, and Colvin suggests he undertook further ecclesiastical work at
Clearwell
Clearwell (anciently "Clower-Wall" etc.) is a village and former ancient manor in the Forest of Dean, West Gloucestershire, England. A recent survey indicated that the population of Clearwell is approximately 350.
There are mines locally that ...
, Gloucestershire. He drew up plans for the reconstruction of the interior of the
Priory Church of St Mary, Abergavenny
The Priory Church of St Mary, Abergavenny is a parish church in the centre of Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Wales.
St. Mary's has been called "the Westminster Abbey of Wales" because of its large size, and the numerous high status tomb monume ...
but these were not carried out. The local historian,
Keith Kissack notes that Maddox designed new side galleries for
St Mary’s in 1824 but this work was removed in
George Edmund Street
George Edmund Street (20 June 1824 – 18 December 1881), also known as G. E. Street, was an English architect, born at Woodford in Essex. Stylistically, Street was a leading practitioner of the Victorian Gothic Revival. Though mainly an eccl ...
’s remodelling of the 1880s.
Private commissions
Maddox's domestic and commercial buildings in the town and environs include
the Beaufort Arms Hotel,
Pentwyn at
Rockfield, which he built as his own residence in 1834–37; and
Croft-y-Bwla, a
villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became s ...
midway between Monmouth and Rockfield which was the home of
Alexander Rolls
Major Alexander Rolls (18 July 1818 – 22 April 1882) was a native of Swansea, Glamorganshire, Wales. A member of the renowned Rolls family of The Hendre at Llangattock-Vibon-Avel near Monmouth, Monmouthshire, his life in public serv ...
and his first wife Kate Steward Rolls. Further works include the
Masonic Hall
A Masonic Temple or Masonic Hall is, within Freemasonry, the room or edifice where a Masonic Lodge meets. Masonic Temple may also refer to an abstract spiritual goal and the conceptual ritualistic space of a meeting.
Development and history
In ...
,
Kingsley House and Hendre House, the former of which he designed as his own townhouse,
Oak House, and, possibly, 18 St James Street.
Within the wider county, he undertook a limited early re-building of
The Hendre
The Hendre, ( cy, Yr Hendre a farmer's winter residence; literally meaning old home) in Rockfield, is the only full-scale Victorian country house in the county of Monmouthshire, Wales. The ancestral estate of the Rolls family, it was the child ...
, and carried out work in Commercial Street,
Pontypool.
Cadw suggests that Maddox was also the architect of the main block of
Piercefield House
Piercefield House is a largely ruined neo-classical country house near St Arvans, Monmouthshire, Wales, about north of the centre of Chepstow. The central block of the house was designed in the very late 18th century, by, or to the designs of, ...
, near
Chepstow
Chepstow ( cy, Cas-gwent) is a town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, adjoining the border with Gloucestershire, England. It is located on the tidal River Wye, about above its confluence with the River Severn, and adjoining the wester ...
, working to designs by
Sir John Soane
Sir John Soane (; né Soan; 10 September 1753 – 20 January 1837) was an English architect who specialised in the Neoclassical architecture, Neo-Classical style. The son of a bricklayer, he rose to the top of his profession, becoming professo ...
.
Given the date of Maddox's birth, and the construction period for Piercefield, this seems unlikely. Newman follows the more conventional attribution to Soane himself.
Maddox died at
Hempsted
Hempsted is a suburban village and former civil parish, now in the unparished area of Gloucester, in the Gloucester district, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. In 1961 the parish had a population of 508.
History
An ancient area of Glo ...
Rectory,
Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire ( abbreviated Glos) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gl ...
on 27 February 1864.
Gallery
Nelson Museum Monmouth.jpg, The Market Hall in Priory Street, Monmouth
The Market & Post Office, Monmouth (4641211).jpg, The Market Hall c.1905, prior to the loss of the upper storey and the cupola in a fire in 1963
Monmouth's old Slaughter Houses - geograph.org.uk - 1303767.jpg, The Shambles (slaughterhouses) beneath the Market Hall
Methodist Chapel, 1837 (geograph 5445975).jpg, Monmouth Methodist Church
Monmouth Methodist Church is located in Monmouth, south east Wales. It is set well back from St James Street between buildings. Designed by George Vaughan Maddox and built in 1837, it retains its original galleries, organ loft and sophisticated ...
Beaufort Arms 1.JPG, Beaufort Arms Hotel
Monmouth Masonic Hall 1.JPG, The Masonic Hall
Pentwyn, Rockfield, Monmouthshire.jpg, Pentwyn - Maddox's house at Rockfield
1-6 Priory Street Monmouth.jpg, 1–6 Priory Street - Maddox's "remarkably early inner by-pass"
4 Priory Street, Monmouth.jpg, The central block of 1-6 Priory Street
Monmouth Oak House Front.JPG, Oak House
Notes
References
Sources
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Maddox, George Vaughan
1802 births
1864 deaths
19th-century Welsh architects
Greek Revival architects
History of Monmouthshire