A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations'

air force An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an a ...

space force A space force is a military branch of a nation's armed forces that conducts military operations in outer space and space warfare. The world's first space force was the Russian Space Forces, established in 1992 as an independent military service. ...

s, and

marines Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refle ...

naval infantry Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refle ...

. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the

16th century The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 ( MDI) and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 ( MDC) (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The 16th cent ...

, as a shortening of '' captain general'', which rank was taken from

Middle French Middle French (french: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the 14th to the 16th century. It is a period of transition during which: * the French language became clearly distinguished from t ...

''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the

late medieval period The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renai ...

to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank scale code of OF-9 and is the highest rank currently in use in a number of armies, air forces, and marine organizations.

General officer ranks and history

The various grades of general officer are at the top of the military rank structure. Lower-ranking officers in land-centric military forces are typically known as field officers or field-grade officers, and below them are company-grade officers.

Common systems

There are two common systems of general ranks used worldwide. In addition, there is a third system, the Arab system of ranks, which is used throughout the Middle East and North Africa but is not used elsewhere in the world. Variations of one form, the old European system, were once used throughout Europe. It is used in Germany, where it comes from originally, and from where it eventually spread to the United Kingdom and thence subsequently to other

Commonwealth A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...

countries and the United States. The general officer ranks are named by prefixing "general", as an adjective, with field officer ranks, although in some countries the highest general officers are titled

field marshal Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army and as such few persons are appointed to it. It is considered as ...

marshal Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated o ...

, or captain general. The other is derived from the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

, where generals' ranks are named according to the unit they (theoretically) command.

Old European system

The system used either a ''brigadier general'' or a ''colonel general'' rank (i.e. exclude one of the italicised ranks). In the 17th and 18th centuries, it became customary in

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...

and other German states to confer the rank of "full" general with the addition of the

branch of service Military branch (also service branch or armed service) is according to common standard a subdivision of the national armed forces of a sovereign nation or state. Types of branches Unified armed forces The Canadian Armed Forces is the unifi ...

from which the general emerged and which originally also determined the character of the formations which he commanded, e.g.

general of the infantry General of the Infantry is a military rank of a General officer in the infantry and refers to: * General of the Infantry (Austria) * General of the Infantry (Bulgaria) * General of the Infantry (Germany) ('), a rank of a general in the German Impe ...

general of the cavalry General of the Cavalry (german: General der Kavallerie) was a General officer rank in the cavalry in various states of which the modern states of German and Austria are successors or in other armies which used the German model. Artillery officers o ...

and general of the artillery. Such rank designations were also introduced in the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

, firstly by the emperor

Peter I Peter I may refer to: Religious hierarchs * Saint Peter (c. 1 AD – c. 64–88 AD), a.k.a. Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simon, apostle of Jesus * Pope Peter I of Alexandria (died 311), revered as a saint * Peter I of Armenia (died 1058), Catholico ...

. The rank of

was used by some countries as the highest rank, while in other countries it was used as a divisional or brigade rank. Many countries (notably pre-revolutionary France and eventually much of Latin America) actually used two brigade command ranks, which is why some countries now use two stars as their

brigade general Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed to ...

insignia. Mexico and Argentina still use two brigade command ranks. In some states (particularly in the

since the 1920s), the equivalent to brigadier general is

brigadier Brigadier is a military rank, the seniority of which depends on the country. In some countries, it is a senior rank above colonel, equivalent to a brigadier general or commodore, typically commanding a brigade of several thousand soldiers. In ...

, which is not always considered by these armies to be a general officer rank, although it is always treated as equivalent to the rank of brigadier general for comparative purposes. As a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major; confusion often arises because a lieutenant is outranked by a major. Originally the serjeant major was, exclusively, the commander of the infantry, junior only to the captain-general and lieutenant general. The distinction of serjeant major general only applied after serjeant majors were introduced as a rank of field officer. Serjeant was eventually dropped from both rank titles, creating the modern rank titles. Serjeant Major (later spelled sergeant major) as a senior rank of non-commissioned officer was a later creation. The equivalent of the rank of general in the

navy A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral zone, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and ...

was

admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...

French (Revolutionary) system

Arab system

The armies of Arab countries use traditional Arabic titles. These were formalized in their current system to replace the Turkish system that was formerly in use in the Arab world and the

Turco-Egyptian ranks The Turco-Egyptian ranks were the military ranks used by the Kingdom of Egypt from 1922 until they were changed in 1958 after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and the abolition of the monarchy. The names are Turco-Egyptian (i.e. derived from Ottoma ...

in Egypt.

Other variations

Other nomenclatures for general officers include the titles and ranks: * Adjutant general * Commandant-general *

Inspector general An inspector general is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is "inspectors general". Australia The Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security (Australia) (IGIS) is an independent statutory off ...

* General-in-chief * General of the Army (which is distinct from the title army general) * General of the Air Force (USAF only) *

General of the Armies of the United States General of the Armies of the United States, more commonly referred to as General of the Armies, is the highest military rank in the United States Army. The rank has been conferred three times: to John J. Pershing in 1919, as a personal accola ...

(of America), a title created for General

John J. Pershing General of the Armies John Joseph Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948), nicknamed "Black Jack", was a senior United States Army officer. He served most famously as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) on the Wes ...

, and subsequently granted posthumously to

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

* (" general admiral") (German Navy) * Air general and aviation general * Wing general and group general * (, a Serb/Slovenian/Macedonian rank immediately inferior to colonel general, and roughly equivalent to Commonwealth/US major general) * Director general (a common administrative term sometimes used as an appointment in military services) * Director general of national defence (most senior rank in the Mexican Armed Forces) * Controller general (general officer rank in the French National Police) * Prefect general (the most senior rank of the

Argentine Naval Prefecture The Argentine Naval Prefecture ( es, Prefectura Naval Argentina or PNA) is a service of Argentina's Security Ministry charged with protecting the country's rivers and maritime territory. It therefore fulfills the functions of other countries' coa ...

) *

Master-General of the Ordnance The Master-General of the Ordnance (MGO) was a very senior British military position from 1415 to 2013 (except 1855–1895 and 1939–1958) with some changes to the name, usually held by a serving general. The Master-General of the Ordnance was ...

(very senior British military position) * Police General (most senior rank of the

Philippine National Police The Philippine National Police ( fil, Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas, acronymed as PNP) is the armed national police force in the Philippines. Its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. Current ...

) * Commissioner (highest rank of the

Bureau of Immigration Bureau of Immigration may refer to: *Bureau of Immigration (India) *Bureau of Immigration (Philippines) * Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization (Liberia) *Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforc ...

) * (Police General), the highest rank in the

Indonesian National Police '' , mottotranslated = (Serving the Nation) , formed = , preceding1 = , dissolved = , superseding = , employees = 440,000 (2020) , volunteers = , budget = , nongovernment ...

In addition to militarily educated generals, there are also generals in medicine and engineering. The rank of the most senior chaplain, (chaplain general), is also usually considered to be a general officer rank.

Specific rank of general

In the old European system, a general, without prefix or suffix (and sometimes referred to informally as a "full general"), is usually the most senior type of general, above

lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

and directly below

as a four-star rank (NATO OF-9). Usually it is the most senior peacetime rank, with more senior ranks (for example, field marshal, marshal of the air force, fleet admiral) being used only in wartime or as honorary titles. In some armies, however, the rank of captain general, general of the army, army general or

colonel general Colonel general is a three- or four-star military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and was a ra ...

occupied or occupies this position. Depending on circumstances and the army in question, these ranks may be considered to be equivalent to a "full" general or to a field marshal five-star rank (NATO OF-10). The rank of general came about as a "captain-general", the captain of an army in general (i.e., the whole army). The rank of captain-general began appearing around the time of the organisation of professional armies in the 17th century. In most countries "captain-general" contracted to just "general".

General ranks by country

The following articles deal with the rank of general, or its equivalent, as it is or was employed in the militaries of those countries: * General (Australia) *

General (Bangladesh) General ( bn, জেনারেল, Jēnārēla) is a four Star commissioned flag officer rank in the Bangladesh Army. It is the highest achieved rank in the Bangladesh Army. General ranks above the Three Star rank of Lieutenant general. The rank ...

* General (Canada) * (China) – People's Republic of China (PRC) and Republic of China (ROC/Taiwan) *

General (Denmark) ''General'' () is the highest rank of the Royal Danish Army and Royal Danish Air Force. As a four-star rank it is the equivalent to the rank of admiral in the Royal Danish Navy. The rank is rated OF-9 within NATO. It has the grade of M406 within ...

, *

General (Estonia) ''Kindral'' is the Estonian word for General which is also the highest military position in the Republic of Estonia. Both Ground Force and Air Force superior officers ranks share the same names which have been combined with the military rank ...

, *

General (Finland) General ( fi, Kenraali) is the highest officer's rank in Finland. It is held exclusively by the Chief of Defence during peacetime. General is comparable to Ranks of NATO armies officers as OF-9. Historically, a General's branch of service could ...

, *

General (Germany) ''General'' () is the highest rank of the German Army and German Air Force. As a four-star rank it is the equivalent to the rank of admiral in the German Navy. The rank is rated Ranks and insignia of NATO armies officers, OF-9 in NATO. It is grad ...

, * (Greece) * General (India) * (North and South Korea) * * General (Pakistan) * General (Poland), *

General (Sri Lanka) General (abbreviated as Gen.) is the highest attainable and full general rank of the Sri Lankan Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of general; it is also considered a four-star rank. The rank of full gene ...

General (Sweden) General (Gen) is a four-star commissioned officer rank in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and Swedish Amphibious Corps. General ranks immediately above Generallöjtnant, lieutenant general and is equivalent to Admiral (Sweden), admiral in th ...

, *

General (Switzerland) it, Generale rm, Generale , image = CHE OF9 General.svg , image_size = 80px , alt = , caption = Dress uniform shoulder strap with the rank of General , image2 = OF-9 - Général.png , image_size2 ...

General (United Kingdom) General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army. The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Gen ...

General (United States) In the United States military, a general is the most senior general-grade officer; it is the highest achievable commissioned officer rank (or echelon) that may be attained in the United States Armed Forces, with exception of the Navy and Coast G ...

* General (Yugoslav People's Army)

Army generals’ insignia

File:13.PNA-BG.svg,
()
( Algerian People's National Army) File:Angola-Army-OF-9.svg,
(

Angolan Army The Angolan Army () is the land component of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA). History On August 1, 1974, a few months after a military coup d'état had overthrown the Lisbon regime and proclaimed its intention of granting independence to Angola, ...

) File:Australian Army OF-9.svg,

General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...

(

Australian Army The Australian Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Army (Austral ...

) File:Bundesheer - Rank insignia - General.png,
(

Austrian Army The Austrian Armed Forces (german: Bundesheer, lit=Federal Army) are the combined military forces of the Republic of Austria. The military consists of 22,050 active-duty personnel and 125,600 reservists. The military budget is 0.74% of natio ...

) File:Bangladesh-army-OF-9.svg,
General
( Bangladesh Army) File:Army-BEL-OF-09.svg,
( Belgian Army) File:16.Bhutan Army-GEN.svg, General
(

Royal Bhutan Army The Royal Bhutan Army (RBA; dz, བསྟན་སྲུང་དམག་སྡེ་, bStan-srung dmag-sde) is a branch of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Bhutan responsible for maintaining the country's territorial integrity and sovereign ...

) File:19.RBrLF-GEN.svg,
( Royal Brunei Land Forces) File:Rank insignia of Генерал of the Bulgarian Army.png,

( Bulgarian Army) File:Blank.svg,

( Burundi Army) File:Canadian Army OF-9.svg,

(

Canadian Army The Canadian Army (french: Armée canadienne) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada, and is also respo ...

) File:Colombia-Army-OF-9.svg,
(

Colombian Army The National Army of Colombia ( es, Ejército Nacional de Colombia) is the land warfare service branch of the Military Forces of Colombia. With over 361,420 active personnel as of 2020, it is the largest and oldest service branch in Colombia, ...

) File:Denmark-Army-OF-9-M11.svg,
(

Royal Danish Army The Royal Danish Army ( da, Hæren, fo, Herurin, kl, Sakkutuut) is the land-based branch of the Danish Defence, together with the Danish Home Guard. For the last decade, the Royal Danish Army has undergone a massive transformation of structures ...

) File:Timor-Leste-Army-OF-9.svg,
( Timor-Leste Army) File:Estonia-Army-OF-9.svg,
(

Estonian Land Forces The Estonian Land Forces ( et, Maavägi), unofficially referred to as the Estonian Army, is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defense Forces where it has an offensive military formation role. It is currently the largest ...

) File:18.EA-GEN.svg, General
(

Ethiopian Ground Forces The Ethiopian Ground Forces () is the land service branch of the Ethiopian National Defense Force. It is senior of the two uniformed military branches. It engages in land warfare and combined arms operations, including armored and mechanized o ...

) File:Kenraali M05.svg,
( Finnish Army) File:23.GLF-GEN.svg, General
( Armed Forces of Gabon) File:16.Gambian Army-GEN.svg, General
(

Gambian National Army The Gambia Armed Forces, also known as the Armed Forces of The Gambia, consists of three branches: the Gambia National Army (GNA), the Gambia Navy, and the Republican National Guard (RNG). It formerly included the Gambia National Gendarmerie (GNG) ...

) File:HD H 64 General.svg,
(

German Army The German Army (, "army") is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German ''Bundeswehr'' together with the ''Marine'' (German Navy) and the ''Luftwaf ...

) File:16-Ghana Army-GEN.svg, General
( Ghana Army) File:15. Guinea-Bissau GEN.svg,
( Army of Guinea-Bissau) File:Guyana Defence Force (GDF) Minister of Defence rank insignia.svg, General
( Guyana Army) File:General of the Indian Army.svg,

(

Indian Army The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four- ...

) File:22-TNI Army-GEN.svg,
(

Indonesian Army The Indonesian Army ( id, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD), ) is the land branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It has an estimated strength of 300,000 active personnel. The history of the Indonesian Army has its ...

) File:Rank insignia of generale of the Army of Italy (1973).svg,
(

Italian Army "The safeguard of the republic shall be the supreme law" , colors = , colors_labels = , march = ''Parata d'Eroi'' ("Heroes's parade") by Francesco Pellegrino, ''4 Maggio'' (May 4) ...

) File:16. Kenyan Army GEN.svg, General
( Kenya Army) File:Blank.svg, General
(

Lesotho Army The Lesotho Defence Force (LDF) is the military of the Southern African Kingdom of Lesotho, which consists of about 2,000 personnel and is tasked with maintaining internal security, territorial integrity, and defending the constitution of Lesoth ...

) File:Army-LUX-OF-CiC.svg,
(

Luxembourg Army The Luxembourg Armed Forces (; french: Armée luxembourgeoise) are the national military force of Luxembourg. The army has been a fully volunteer military since 1967. , it has 939 personnel. The army is under civilian control, with the grand ...

) File:18-APM-GEN.svg,

( Army of North Macedonia) File:16. Malawi Army - GEN.svg, General
( Malawian Army) File:Malaysia-army-OF-9.svg,
(

Malaysian Army The Malaysian Army ( ms, Tentera Darat Malaysia; Jawi: تنترا دارت مليسيا) is the land component of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Steeped in British Army traditions, the Malaysian Army does not carry the title ‘royal’ () as do th ...

) File:Mexico army OF9.svg,
( Mexican Army) File:Mongolian Army-GEN-service.svg,

(

Mongolian Ground Force The Ground Force of Mongolia (, ''Mongol Ulsyn Zevsegt hüchniy Huurai zamyn tsereg'', ) is the land force of the Mongolian Armed Forces, formed from parts of the former Mongolian People's Army in 1992. It was known as the "Mongolian General Purpo ...

) File:Namibia-army-OF-9.svg, General
( Namibian Army) File:Nl-landmacht-generaal.svg,
(

Royal Netherlands Army The Royal Netherlands Army ( nl, Koninklijke Landmacht) is the land branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. Though the Royal Netherlands Army was raised on 9 January 1814, its origins date back to 1572, when the was raised – making the Dutc ...

) File:Nigeria-Army-OF-9.svg, General
(Nigerian Army) File:Norway-army-OF-9.svg,
(Norwegian Army) File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg,
General (Pakistan), General
(Pakistan Army) File:PA GEN Svc.svg,
(Philippine Army) File:Army-POL-OF-09.svg,
(Polish Army) File:Army-POR-OF-09.svg,
(Portuguese Army) File:Romania-Army-OF-9.svg,
(Romanian Land Forces) File:16-Rwanda Army-GEN.svg, General
(Rwandan Defence Forces) File:18-Serbian Army-GEN.svg,

(Serbian Army) File:Blank.svg, General
(Sierra Leone Army) File:Blank.svg, General
(Singapore Army) File:Army-SVK-OF-09.svg,
(Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic) File:SAA-OF-9.svg, General
(South African Army) File:Blank.svg, General
(South Sudan Army) File:Sri Lanka-army-OF-9.svg, General (Sri Lanka), General
(Sri Lanka Army) File:Blank.svg, General
(Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force, Eswatini Army) File:SWE-General.svg,
(Swedish Army) File:CHE OF9 General.svg,
(Military of Switzerland, Swiss Land Forces) File:17-Tanzania Army-GEN.svg,
(Tanzanian Army) File:Turkey-army-OF-9a.svg,
(Turkish Land Forces) File:Uganda-Army-OF-9.svg, General
(Uganda People's Defence Force, Ugandan Land Forces) File:Погон генерала ЗСУ (2020).svg,

(Ukrainian Ground Forces) File:British Army OF-9.svg, General (United Kingdom), General
(British Army) File:US Army O10 (Army greens).svg, General (United States), General
(United States Army, US Army) File:Blank.svg, General
(Zambian Army) File:Zimbabwe-Army-OF-9.svg, General (Zimbabwe), General
(Zimbabwe National Army)

Air force generals' insignia

16.ANAF-GEN.svg,
(National Air Force of Angola) BE-Air Force-OF9.svg,
(Belgian Air Component) 19.RBrAF-GEN.svg,
(Royal Brunei Air Force) Rank insignia of Генерал of the Bulgarian Air forces.png,

(Bulgarian Air Force) Canada-Air force-OF-9-collected.svg, General
(Royal Canadian Air Force) General del Aire FACH.png,
(Chilean Air Force) Colombia-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Colombian Air Force) File:RDAF-OF-9 Sleeve.svg,
(Royal Danish Air Force) 17.Ecuadorian Air Force-GEN.svg,
(Ecuadorian Air Force) Estonia-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Estonian Air Force) Finland-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Finnish Air Force) Georgia Air Force OF-10.png,

(Georgian Air Force) LD B 64 General.svg,
(German Air Force) blank.svg, General
(Guinea Air Force) 16. Kenyan Air Force GEN.svg, General
(Kenya Air Force) blank.svg, General
(Malawian Defence Force, Malawi Air Force) Malaysia-Air Force-OF-9.svg,
(Royal Malaysian Air Force) Mongolian Army-GEN-service.svg,

(Mongolian Air Force) Netherlands-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Royal Netherlands Air Force) Norway-air force-OF-9.svg,
(Royal Norwegian Air Force) blank.svg,
(Paraguayan Air Force) Peru-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Peruvian Air Force) PAF GEN Svc.svg,
(Philippine Air Force) Rank insignia of generał of the Air Force of Poland.svg,
(Polish Air Force) Portugal-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Portuguese Air Force) Romania-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Romanian Air Force) 16-Rwanda Air Force-GEN.svg, General
(Rwandan Air Force) 18-Serbian Air Force-GEN.svg,

(Serbian Air Force and Air Defence) blank.svg, General
(Republic of Singapore Air Force) SVK-Air Force-OF-09.svg,
(Slovak Air Force) SAAF-OF-9.svg, General
(South African Air Force) blank.svg, General
(South Sudan Air Force) SP-09 General del Aire.svg,
(Spanish Air and Space Force) Sweden-AirForce-OF-9.svg,
(Swedish Air Force) 17-Tanzania Air Force-GEN.svg, General
(Tanzania Air Force Command) Turkey-air-force-OF-9a.svg,
(Turkish Air Force) Uganda-AirForce-OF-9.svg, General
(Ugandan Air Force) blank.svg,

(Ukrainian Air Force) US Air Force O10 shoulderboard.svg, General (United States), General
(United States Air Force, US Air Force) blank.svg, General
(Zambian Air Force)

Naval infantry generals' insignia

Generic-Navy-O12.svg,
(Colombian Naval Infantry) 22-TNI Navy-ADM.svg,
(Indonesian Marine Corps) Maldives Army OF-9.svg,
General
(MNDF Marine Corps, Maldivian Marine Corps) Netherlands-Navy-OF-9.svg,
(Netherlands Marine Corps) Sweden-Navy-OF-9.svg,
(Swedish Amphibious Corps) British Royal Marines OF-9.svg, General (United Kingdom), General
(Royal Marines, UK Royal Marines) US Marine 10 shoulderboard vertical.svg, General (United States), General
(United States Marine Corps, US Marine Corps)

Air force and naval equivalents

Some countries (such as the United States) use the general officer ranks for both the army and the

, as well as their marine corps; other states only use the general officer ranks for the army, while in the air force they use air officers as the equivalent of general officers. They use the air force rank of air chief marshal as the equivalent of the specific army rank of general. This latter group includes the British Royal Air Force and many current and former Commonwealth air forces—e.g. Royal Australian Air Force, Indian Air Force, Royal New Zealand Air Force, Nigerian Air Force, Pakistan Air Force, etc. In most navy, navies, flag officers are the equivalent of general officers, and the naval rank of

is equivalent to the specific army rank of general. A noteworthy historical exception was the Oliver Cromwell, Cromwellian naval rank "general at sea". In recent years in the American service there is a tendency to use ''flag officer'' and ''flag rank'' to refer to generals and admirals of the services collectively.

Notes

References

External links

Generals of World War II

Schema-root.org: US Generals
News feeds for US Generals in the news
Marines.mil: General Officer Biographies
Biographies of US Marine Corps General Officers
Bios & Information on Generals of Western History
Information on 10 Generals who influenced Western History {{DEFAULTSORT:General Officer Generals, Military ranks