Gemifloxacin mesylate (trade name Factive, Oscient Pharmaceuticals) is an oral

broad-spectrum A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. These medications are used when a bacterial inf ...

quinolone Quinolone may refer to: * 2-Quinolone * 4-Quinolone * Quinolone antibiotic A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone. They ...

antibacterial agent used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia. Vansen Pharma Inc. has licensed the active ingredient from LG Life Sciences of Korea.

Indications

Gemifloxacin is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below. * Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by ''S. pneumoniae'', ''Haemophilus influenzae'', ''Haemophilus parainfluenzae'', or ''Moraxella catarrhalis'' * Community-acquired pneumonia (of mild to moderate severity) caused by ''S. pneumoniae'' (including multi-drug resistant strains, ''Haemophilus influenzae'', ''Moraxella catarrhalis'', ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'', ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'', or ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''

Microbiology

Gemifloxacin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms: :Aerobic gram-positive microorganisms – '' Streptococcus pneumoniae'' including multi-drug resistant ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' (MDRSP). MDRSP includes isolates previously known as PRSP (penicillin-resistant ''Streptococcus pneumoniae''), and are strains resistant to two or more of the following antibiotics: penicillin, 2nd generation cephalosporins, e.g., cefuroxime, macrolides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/

sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ or SMX) is an antibiotic. It is used for bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis and is effective against both gram negative and positive bacteria such as ''Listeria monocytogenes' ...

. :''

Staphylococcus aureus ''Staphylococcus aureus'' is a Gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It is often positive ...

'' and '' Streptococcus pyogenes'' :Aerobic gram-negative microorganisms – '' Haemophilus influenzae'', ''

Haemophilus parainfluenzae ''Haemophilus parainfluenzae'' is a species of'' Haemophilus''. It is one of the HACEK organisms. ''H. parainfluenzae'' is an opportunistic pathogen that has been associated with endocarditis, bronchitis, otitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, ...

'', Klebsiella pneumoniae (many strains are moderately susceptible), Moraxella catarrhalis, ''

Acinetobacter lwoffii ''Acinetobacter lwoffii'', formerly known as ''Mima polymorpha'' or ''Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. lwoffii'', is a non- fermentative Gram-negative bacillus bacterium that is a member of the genus ''Acinetobacter''. It is considered as normal ...

'', '' Klebsiella oxytoca'', ''

Legionella pneumophila ''Legionella pneumophila'' is a thin, aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus ''Legionella''. ''L. pneumophila'' is the primary human pathogenic bacterium in this group and is the causative age ...

'', '' Proteus vulgaris''. :Other microorganisms – '' Chlamydia pneumoniae'', '' Mycoplasma pneumoniae''

Adverse effects

Fluoroquinolones are generally well tolerated with most side effects being mild and serious adverse effects being rarely. Some of the serious adverse effects which occur more commonly with fluoroquinolones than with other antibiotic drug classes include CNS and tendon toxicity. The currently marketed quinolones have safety profiles similar to that of other antimicrobial classes. The serious events may occur with therapeutic or with acute overdose. At therapeutic doses they include: central nervous system toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, tendon / articular toxicity, and rarely hepatic toxicity. Events that may occur in acute overdose are rare and include: renal failure and seizure. Children and the elderly are at greater risk. Tendon damage may manifest during, as well as up to a year after fluoroquinolone therapy. The FDA ordered a black box warnings on all fluoroquinolones advising consumers of the possible toxic effects of fluoroquinolones on tendons. On August 15, 2013 the FDA issued a Safety Announcement where they described that they are requiring the medication guides and drug labels for all fluoroquinolones to be updated and better describe the risk for peripheral neuropathy.https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/UCM365078.pdf The peripheral neuropathy may occur very quickly, and may be irreversible. This warning applies to fluoroquinolones taken by mouth and injection, but does not apply to fluoroquinolones taken topically.

Current findings

One recent study showed that Gemifloxacin possess anti-metastatic activities against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo (in mice).

References

{{QuinoloneAntiBiotics Fluoroquinolone antibiotics Naphthyridines Pyrrolidines Ketoximes Cyclopropanes Carboxylic acids

Indications

Microbiology

Adverse effects

Current findings

See also

References