''Gdynia-America Shipping Lines S.A.'' (Gdynia America Line - GAL) was a

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

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joint stock company based in Gdynia, established in 1930 under the name of the ''Polish Transatlantic Shipping Company Limited'' (PTTO) in order to mark the Polish presence on the Atlantic; in 1934 transformed into Gdynia-America Shipping Lines.

Origins

In 1930 the Polish government, faced with growing emigration to North and South America, decided to purchase an existing shipping line (including ships and existing organizational apparatus) with the right to use piers in New York. After the failure of negotiations with Germany, the Baltic American Line owned by the Danish shipping company, the East Asiatic Company Limited (EAC, Det Ostasiatitske Kompagni) in

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was chosen. This line had three steam passenger ships named Polonia (ex-Kursk, built 1910),

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

(ex-Czar, built 1912) and

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

(ex-Czaritza, built 1915) which were registered in Latvia.

Sale to Poland

The Danish owners became eager to sell their interests, as in 1931 the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

authorities severely reduced immigrant quotas and the line was threatened with bankruptcy. The Polish owners renamed the company ''Polskie Transatlantyckie Towarzystwo Okrętowe'' (Polish Transatlantic Shipping Company Limited or PTTO). Initially captains were provided by the Danish side, and Polish captains acted as doubles, preparing for independent command of the ships. The ships were operated by Gdynia America Line, which was restructured in 1934 to absorb PTTO.

Evolution

The line added routes, particularly to South America, with its River Plate Service.

Fate

The company was badly affected by World War II with many of its ships, being seized for war service and/or lost. In 1950 the company (and its few remaining ships) were folded into the state-owned

Polish Ocean Lines Polish Ocean Lines (PLO, pl, Polskie Linie Oceaniczne) is a Polish commercial shipping company, with headquarters in Gdynia. The company was created in 1951 in a merger of three smaller shipping companies. Currently, PLO acts as a holding compan ...

. After the end of World War II, the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs submitted a nationalization claim, with regards to the GAL nationalization, to the Polish authorities during bilateral trade negotiations. Ultimately, the claim was satisfied as part of the Polish-Danish compensation agreement signed on 26 February 1953. Det Østasiatiske Kompagni A/S was granted a compensation in the amount of 1,220,000 Danish kronas (DKK).Robert Andrzejczyk, ''Duńskie roszczenia z tytułu nacjonalizacji Gdynia -Ameryka Linie Żeglugowe SA (1945-1953) / Danish claims due to the nationalization of the Gdynia –America Shipping Lines S.A. (1945–1953)'', in: ''Żądamy pracy dla naszych ojców Strajki protesty i bunty od epoki nowożytnej po połowę XX wieku. Perspektywa gospodarcza i społeczna,'' 2022, p. 149-160

Origins

Sale to Poland

Evolution

Fate

References

Further reading