Gastrocopta Pisiti
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''Gastrocopta'' is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of minute air-breathing
land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s,
terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s or
micromollusk A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...
s in the family
Gastrocoptidae Gastrocoptidae is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Pupilloidea.Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, ...
.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818270 on 2018-10-14 ''Gastrocopta'' is the
type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...
of the subfamily Gastrocoptinae. The height of the
shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses ** Thin-shell structure Science Biology * Seashell, a hard ou ...
is about 2 mm.


Distribution

The Recent distribution of ''Gastrocopta'' includes North America, eastern Asia, central Asia and South America (
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
and
Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
). In Europe, the genus ''Gastrocopta'' has been
extirpated Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...
; its fossils there are known mainly from the
Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
, but its fossil range in Europe is from the
Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
to the
Lower Pleistocene The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time ...
.


List of synonyms

* ''Australbinula'' Pilsbry, 1916 * ''Bifidaria'' Sterki, 1891 * ''Eubifidaria'' Sterki, 1893 * ''Falsopupa'' Germain, 1918 * ''Gastrocopta (Albinula)'' Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Ameralbinula)'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 †· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Australbinula)'' Pilsbry, 1916· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Gastrocopta)'' Wollaston, 1878· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Geminidens)'' Pilsbry, 1930· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Immersidens)'' Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Privatula)'' Sterki, 1893· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Sinalbinula)'' Pilsbry, 1916· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Staurotrema)'' Pilsbry, 1948· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gastrocopta (Vertigopsis)'' Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate representation * ''Gyrodaria'' Iredale, 1940 * ''Leucochilus'' O. Boettger, 1881 (Invalid: Leucochilus was originally an unjustified emendation of Leucochila Martens, 1860, but had been used as a separate name until it was placed on the Official Index by Opinion 115, 1931; junior synonym) * ''Pupa (Bifidaria)'' Sterki, 1891· accepted, alternate representation * ''Pupa (Leucochilus)'' O. Boettger, 1881 (Invalid: Leucochilus was originally an unjustified emendation of Leucochila Martens, 1860, but had been used as a separate name until it was placed on the Official Index by Opinion 115, 1931; junior synonym)


Species

Species within the genus ''Gastrocopta'' include: * † ''
Gastrocopta abyssifluminis ''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...
'' Roth, 1999 * † ''
Gastrocopta acuminata ''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...
'' (Klein, 1846) * † ''
Gastrocopta akokala ''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...
'' Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 * '' Gastrocopta allyni'' Roth & Christensen, 1984 * ''
Gastrocopta armifera ''Gastrocopta armifera'', common name the armed snaggletooth, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae. Distribution This species occurs in the United States eas ...
'' (Say, 1821) * '' Gastrocopta ashmuni'' (Chamberlin & Berry, 1930) - sluice snaggletooth * ''
Gastrocopta avanica ''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Mari ...
'' (Benson, 1863) * '' Gastrocopta bannertonensis'' (Gabriel, 1930) * '' Gastrocopta barbadensis'' (Pfeiffer, 1853)"Mollusca"
. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.
Richards H. G. & Hummelinck P. W. (1940). "Land & Freshwater Mollusks from Margarita Island, Venezuela". ''Notulae Naturae'' 62 1-16
at Google Books
* ''
Gastrocopta boninensis ''Gastrocopta boninensis'' is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails. This species is Endemism, endemic to Japan. References< ...
'' Pilsbry, 1916 * † '' Gastrocopta borysthaenica'' Prysjazhnjuk, 2015 * † '' Gastrocopta bugensis'' Prysjazhnjuk in Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978 * † '' Gastrocopta chichijimana'' Pilsbry, 1916 * '' Gastrocopta cochisensis'' (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1910) * † '' Gastrocopta conica'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta contracta'' (Say, 1822) * † '' Gastrocopta cordillerae'' Roth, 1986 * '' Gastrocopta corticaria'' (Say, 1816) * '' Gastrocopta cristata'' Pilsbry & Vanatta * '' Gastrocopta dalliana'' (Sterki, 1898) * '' Gastrocopta damarica'' (Ancey, 1888) * † '' Gastrocopta dehmi'' Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 * † '' Gastrocopta devjatkini'' Prysjazhnjuk in Prysjazhnjuk et al., 1975 * † '' Gastrocopta didymodus'' (Sandberger, 1858) * '' Gastrocopta duplicata'' (Preston, 1911) * † '' Gastrocopta edlaueri'' (Wenz, 1921) * '' Gastrocopta ejecta'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912) * '' Gastrocopta eudeli'' Pilsbry, 1916 * '' Gastrocopta ferdinandi'' (Andreae, 1902) * † '' Gastrocopta fissidens'' (Sandberger, 1858) * '' Gastrocopta geminidens'' (Pilsbry) * '' Gastrocopta gularis'' F. G. Thompson & López, 1996 * Gastrocopta hedleyi Pilsbry, 1917 * '' Gastrocopta iheringi'' (Suter, 1900) Salgado N. C. & Coelho A. C. S. (2003). "Moluscos terrestres do Brasil (Gastrópodes operculados ou não, exclusive Veronicellidae, Milacidae e Limacidae)". ''Rev. Biol. Trop.'' 51(Suppl. 3): 149-189. (with English abstract)
PDF
.
* † '' Gastrocopta itaboraiensis'' Salvador & Simone, 2013 * † '' Gastrocopta kazachica'' Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967 * † '' Gastrocopta kedeica'' Prysiazhniuk, 2017 † * † '' Gastrocopta kintlana'' Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 † * ''
Gastrocopta klunzingeri ''Gastrocopta klunzingeri'' is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Gastrocoptidae Gastrocoptidae is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Pupilloidea.Philip ...
'' (Jickeli, 1873) * † '' Gastrocopta krestnikovi'' Steklov, 1967 * † '' Gastrocopta lamellidens'' (F. Sandberger, 1858) * '' Gastrocopta larapinta'' (Tate, 1896) * † '' Gastrocopta lartetii'' (Dupuy, 1850) * † '' Gastrocopta leonardi'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta macdonnelli'' (Brazier, 1875) * '' Gastrocopta margaretae'' (Cox, 1868) * † '' Gastrocopta mezzalirai'' (Ferreira & Coelho, 1971) * '' Gastrocopta microscopica'' (E. von Martens, 1898) * † '' Gastrocopta minuscula'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * † '' Gastrocopta mongolica'' Prysjazhnjuk in Prysjazhnjuk et al., 1975 * † '' Gastrocopta montana'' Roth, 1986 * † '' Gastrocopta moravica'' (Petrbok, 1959) * '' Gastrocopta mussoni'' Pilsbry, 1917 * † '' Gastrocopta nouletiana'' (Dupuy, 1850) * † '' Gastrocopta obesa'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta oblonga'' (Pfeiffer, 1852) * † '' Gastrocopta ogasawarana'' Pilsbry, 1916 * † Gastroco''pta oviforma'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * † '' Gastrocopta patagonica'' Miquel & P. E. Rodriguez, 2016 * '' Gastrocopta pediculus'' (Shuttleworth, 1852) * ''
Gastrocopta pellucida ''Gastrocopta pellucida'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usua ...
'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) * '' Gastrocopta pentodon'' (Say, 1821) * '' Gastrocopta pilsbryana'' (Pilsbry, 1948) - Montane snaggletooth * † '' Gastrota polocopnica'' Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018 * ''
Gastrocopta procera ''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...
'' (Gould) * '' Gastrocopta prototypus'' (Pilsbry, 1899) * † '' Gastrocopta pseudotheeli'' Steklov, 1966 * † '' Gastrocopta quadriplicata'' (A. Braun in Walchner, 1851) * '' Gastrocopta recondita'' (Tapparone Canefri, 1883) * † '' Gastrocopta rhenana'' Geissert, 1983 * '' Gastrocopta riograndensis'' (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900) * '' Gastrocopta rixfordi'' Hanna, 1923 * '' Gastrocopta rupicola'' * ''Gastrocopta rupicola marginalba'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) * † '' Gastrocopta russelli'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * † '' Gastrocopta sacraecoronae'' Krolopp, 1858 Kovanda J. (2005). "Nová lokalita vzácného plŽže ''Gastrocopta theeli'' (West.) od Pátku u Loun. new locality of a rare Gastropod ''Gastrocopta theeli'' (West.) from Pátek near Louny. ''Zprávy o geologických výzkumech v roce 2004'': 59-61
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* '' Gastrocopta sagittaria'' Roth, 1986 † * †'' Gastrocopta sandbergeri'' Stworzewicz & Prisyazhnyuk, 2006 * † '' Gastrocopta serotina'' (Ložek, 1964) * '' Gastrocopta servilis'' (Gould, 1843) * † '' Gastrocopta shandgolica'' Prysjazhnjuk in Prysjazhnjuk et al., 1975 * '' Gastrocopta sharae'' Salvador, Cavallari & Simone, 2017 * †'' Gastrocopta skiphica'' Prysjazhnjuk in Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978 * '' Gastrocopta solitaria'' (Smith, 1890) * † '' Gastrocopta steklovi'' Prisyazhnyuk, 1973 * '' Gastrocopta strangei'' (Pfeiffer, 1854) * '' Gastrocopta stupefaciens'' Pokryszko, 1996 * † '' Gastrocopta suevica'' (O. Boettger, 1889) * '' Gastrocopta tappaniana'' (C. B. Adams, 1841) * † '' Gastrocopta tavennerensis'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta theeli'' (Westerlund, 1877) * '' Gastrocopta thomasseti'' Pilsbry, 1929 * † '' Gastrocopta turgida'' (Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849) * † '' Gastrocopta tuvaense'' Steklov, 1967 * † '' Gastrocopta valentini'' Stworzewicz, 2007 subgenus ''Vertigopsis'' Sterki, 1892 Sterki V. (1892). "Preliminary list of North American Pupidae (north of Mexico)". '' The Nautilus'' 6
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* † '' Gastrocopta moravica'' (Petrbok, 1959) * † ''Gastrocopta'' n. sp. from the Viernheim research boreholeWedel J. (2008). "Pleistocene molluscs from research boreholes in the Heidelberg Basin". ''E&G – Quaternary Science Journal'' 57(3-4): 382-402. . ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Gastrocopta soneri'' Chamberlin & Jones, 1929: synonym of '' Gastrocopta pilsbryana'' (Sterki, 1890)


References

* Pierce, H.G.; Rasmussen, D.L. (1992). The nonmarine mollusks of the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana. I. Geologic setting and the family Pupillidae (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Journal of Paleontology. 66(1): 39-5 * Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017


External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3076342 Vertiginidae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot