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Gastrocopta Akokala
''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818270 on 2018-10-14 ''Gastrocopta'' is the type genus of the subfamily Gastrocoptinae. The height of the shell is about 2 mm. Distribution The Recent distribution of ''Gastrocopta'' includes North America, eastern Asia, central Asia and South America (Brazil and Venezuela). In Europe, the genus ''Gastrocopta'' has been extirpated; its fossils there are known mainly from the Neogene, but its fossil range in Europe is from the Oligocene to the Lower Pleistocene. List of synonyms * ''Australbinula'' Pilsbry, 1916 * ''Bifidaria'' Sterki, 1891 * ''Eubifidaria'' Sterki, 1893 * ''Falsopupa'' Germain, 1918 * ''Gastrocopta (Albinula)'' Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod Shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of a Gastropoda, gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug). Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the Aperture (mollusc), aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group. Shell layers The gastropod shell has three major layers secreted by the Mantle (mollusc), mantle. The calcareous central layer, tracum, is typically made of calcium carbonate precipitated into an organic matrix known as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrestrial Molluscs
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones. Characteristics This group includes land snails and land slugs. Loss of the shell has taken place many times in different groups that are not evolutionarily closely related, and land snails and slugs are most often treated together as a single group in specialized malacological literature.Barker G. M. (ed.) The biology of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2001, 558 pp. .Barker G. M. (ed.) Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2004, 644 pp. . All terrestrial molluscs belong to the class Gastropoda. However, colonization of the land took place several times during the evolutionary past, and as a result terrestrial molluscs are classified in several different, often not closely related, gastropod taxa. Terrestr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrocopta Acuminata
''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818270 on 2018-10-14 ''Gastrocopta'' is the type genus of the subfamily Gastrocoptinae. The height of the shell is about 2 mm. Distribution The Recent distribution of ''Gastrocopta'' includes North America, eastern Asia, central Asia and South America (Brazil and Venezuela). In Europe, the genus ''Gastrocopta'' has been extirpated; its fossils there are known mainly from the Neogene, but its fossil range in Europe is from the Oligocene to the Lower Pleistocene. List of synonyms * ''Australbinula'' Pilsbry, 1916 * ''Bifidaria'' Sterki, 1891 * ''Eubifidaria'' Sterki, 1893 * ''Falsopupa'' Germain, 1918 * ''Gastrocopta (Albinula)'' Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrocopta Abyssifluminis
''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818270 on 2018-10-14 ''Gastrocopta'' is the type genus of the subfamily Gastrocoptinae. The height of the shell is about 2 mm. Distribution The Recent distribution of ''Gastrocopta'' includes North America, eastern Asia, central Asia and South America (Brazil and Venezuela). In Europe, the genus ''Gastrocopta'' has been extirpated; its fossils there are known mainly from the Neogene, but its fossil range in Europe is from the Oligocene to the Lower Pleistocene. List of synonyms * ''Australbinula'' Pilsbry, 1916 * ''Bifidaria'' Sterki, 1891 * ''Eubifidaria'' Sterki, 1893 * ''Falsopupa'' Germain, 1918 * ''Gastrocopta (Albinula)'' Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age (to 1.800 ± 0.005 Ma) and the Calabrian Age. While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively. The Chibanian provisionally spans time from 773 ka to 126 ka, and the Tarantian from then until the definitive end of the whole Pleistocene, c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium BC The 10th millennium BC spanned the years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain. The name Oligocene was coined in 1854 by the German paleontologist Heinrich Ernst Beyrich from his studies of marine beds in Belgium and Germany. The name comes from the Ancient Greek (''olígos'', "few") and (''kainós'', "new"), and refers to the sparsity of extant forms of molluscs. The Oligocene is preceded by the Eocene Epoch and is followed by the Miocene Epoch. The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Paleogene Period. The Oligocene is often considered an important time of transition, a link between the archaic world of the tropical Eocene and the more modern ecosystems of the Miocene. Major changes during the Oligocene included a global expansion o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary. The term "Neogene" was coined in 1853 by the Austrian palaeontologist Moritz Hörnes (1815–1868). During this period, mammals and birds continued to evolve into modern forms, while other groups of life remained relatively unchanged. The first humans (''Homo habilis'') appeared in Africa near the end of the period. Some continental movements took place, the most significant event being the connection of North and South America at the Isthmus of Panama, late in the Pliocene. This cut off the warm ocean currents from the Pacific to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Extinction
Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. In recent times, local extinction has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations; wolf reintroduction is an example of this. The term "local extinction" is highly vernacular. The more proper biological term is ''extirpation''. Discussion Glaciation can lead to local extinction. This was the case during the Pleistocene glaciation event in North America. During this period, most of the native North American species of earthworm were killed in places covered by glaciation. This left them open for colonization by European earthworms brought over in soil from Europe. Species naturally become extirpated from islands over time. The number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Venezuela
The non-marine molluscs of Venezuela are a part of the molluscan fauna of Venezuela (which is part of the wildlife of Venezuela). Non-marine molluscs are the snails, clams and mussels that live in freshwater habitats, and the snails and slugs that live on land. Sea-dwelling molluscs are not included in this list. A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Venezuela. Historical background Studies on the knowledge of the Venezuelan malacofauna begin in the nineteenth century with the work of German malacologist Eduard von Martens around 1873 who published the first list of the mollusks Venezuela. Three years later the German-Venezuelan Adolfo Ernst, taking as its starting point and extending Martens list, published a second list in 1876. Subsequent to these two pioneering nineteenth century works, only sporadic descriptions were published in foreign publications. It took about half a century for new listings of malacofauna of Venezuela to be published, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Brazil
The non-marine molluscs of Brazil are a part of the molluscan fauna of Brazil. There are at least 1,074Simone, L. R. L. 2006. ''Land and Freshwater Molluscs of Brazil''. EGB, Fapesp. São Paulo, Brazil. 390 pp. .book review) native nominal species of non-marine molluscs living in Brazil. There are at least 956 nominal species of gastropods, which breaks down to about 250 species of freshwater gastropods, and about 700 species of land gastropods (590 species of snails and approximately 110(?) species of slugs), plus at least 117 species of bivalves living in the wild. There are at least 373 species of freshwater molluscs in Brazil. The number of native species is at least 1,074 and the number of non-indigenous molluscs in Brazil is, at minimum, 32 species. The most serious invasive alien species in Paraná State are the land snail ''Achatina fulica'' and the freshwater snail ''Melanoides tuberculata''. In Rio Grande do Sul, 201 species and subspecies of non-marine mollusks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal family-group taxon is a nominal genus called the 'type genus'; the family-group name is based upon that of the type genus." Any family-group name must have a type genus (and any genus-group name must have a type species, but any species-group name may, but need not, have one or more type specimens). The type genus for a family-group name is also the genus that provided the stem to which was added the ending -idae (for families). :Example: The family name Formicidae has as its type genus the genus ''Formica'' Linnaeus, 1758. Botanical nomenclature In botanical nomenclature, the phrase "type genus" is used, unofficially, as a term of convenience. In the '' ICN'' this phrase has no status. The code uses type specimens for ranks up to fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micromollusk
A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also reach adult size at very small dimensions. These tiny mollusks or their tiny shells are easy to overlook, as many of them are not very noticeable to the naked eye, and thus many people are not aware that they even exist. Nonetheless there are large numbers of families and vast numbers of mollusk species, in particular marine gastropods or sea snails, which are minute enough to be considered micromollusks. Considerable numbers of marine gastropod species are only about 5 or 6 mm in adult size; many others are only about 2 or 3 mm in adult size; and a few have adult shells which are as small as one millimeter or even smaller still. Despite their tiny size, many of the shells have a good deal of elaborate sculpture. A fair number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
