Asia Minor in the 2nd century AD - general map - Roman provinces under Trajan - bleached - English legend

Galatia () was the name of a

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...

of the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

(modern central

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

). It was established by the first emperor,

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...

(sole rule 30 BC – 14 AD), in 25 BC, covering most of formerly independent Celtic Galatia, with its capital at

Ancyra Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, mak ...

. Under the

Tetrarchy The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the '' augusti'', and their juniors colleagues and designated successors, the '' caesares' ...

reforms of

Diocletian Diocletian (; la, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, grc, Διοκλητιανός, Diokletianós; c. 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed ''Iovius'', was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He was born Gaius Valerius Diocles ...

, its northern and southern parts were split to form the southern part of the province of

Paphlagonia Paphlagonia (; el, Παφλαγονία, Paphlagonía, modern translit. ''Paflagonía''; tr, Paflagonya) was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia to the west and Pontus (region), Pontus t ...

and the province of

Lycaonia Lycaonia (; el, Λυκαονία, ''Lykaonia''; tr, Likaonya) was a large region in the interior of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), north of the Taurus Mountains. It was bounded on the east by Cappadocia, on the north by Galatia, on the west by ...

, respectively. In c. 398 AD, during the reign of

Arcadius Arcadius ( grc-gre, Ἀρκάδιος ; 377 – 1 May 408) was Roman emperor from 383 to 408. He was the eldest son of the ''Augustus'' Theodosius I () and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and the brother of Honorius (). Arcadius ruled the ...

, it was divided into the provinces of Galatia Prima and Galatia Secunda or Salutaris. Galatia Prima covered the northeastern part of the old province, retaining

as its capital and was headed by a ''

consularis ''Consularis'' is a Latin adjective indicating something pertaining to the position or rank of consul. In Ancient Rome it was also used as a noun (plural ''consulares'') to designate those senators who had held the office of consul or attained co ...

''. Salutaris comprised the southwestern half of the old province and was headed by a ''

praeses ''Praeses'' (Latin ''praesides'') is a Latin word meaning "placed before" or "at the head". In antiquity, notably under the Roman Dominate, it was used to refer to Roman governors; it continues to see some use for various modern positions. ...

'', with its seat at

Pessinus Pessinus ( el, Πεσσινούς or Πισσινούς) was an Ancient city and archbishopric in Asia Minor, a geographical area roughly covering modern Anatolia (Asian Turkey). The site of the city is now the modern Turkish village of Ballıhis ...

. Both provinces were part of the

Diocese of Pontus The Diocese of Pontus ( la, Dioecesis Pontica, el, Διοίκησις Πόντου/Ποντικῆς) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire, incorporating the provinces of northern and northeastern Asia Minor up to the border with the Sassanid ...

. The provinces were briefly reunited in 536–548 under

Justinian I Justinian I (; la, Iustinianus, ; grc-gre, Ἰουστινιανός ; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized ''renovat ...

. Although the area was eventually incorporated in the new '' thema'' of Anatolikon in the latter half of the 7th century, traces of the old provincial administration survived until the early 8th century.

Governors

(List based on Bernard Rémy,
Les carrières sénatoriales dans les provinces romaines d'Anatolie au Haut-Empire (31 av. J.-C. - 284 ap. J.-C.)
' (Istanbul: Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes-Georges Dumézil, 1989).) ; First organization of the province of Galatia *

Marcus Lollius Marcus LolliusHazel, ''Who's Who in the Roman World'', p.171 perhaps with the cognomen PaulinusLucius Calpurnius Piso Pontifex 14 - 13 BC * Cornutus Aquila 6 BC *

Publius Sulpicius Quirinius Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21), also translated as Cyrenius, was a Roman Empire, Roman Aristocracy (class), aristocrat. After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus from the Tetrarchy (Judea), tetrarchy of Judea in AD 6, ...

5 - 3 BC * Marcus Servilius Nonianus AD 3 * Marcus Plautius Silvanus 6 - 7 * Sextus Sotidius Strabo Libuscidianus 13 - 16 * Priscus c. 16 - 20 ''or'' 21 * Metilius c. 20 - 25 ''or'' 21 - 26 * Fronto c. 25 - 29 ''or'' 26 - 30 * Silvanus c. 29 - 33 ''or'' 30 - 34 * Titus Helvius Basila c. 33 ''to'' c. 37 * Marcus Annius Afrinus 49 – 54 * Quintus Petronius Umbrinus 54 - 55 *

Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas (fl. 1st century – 2nd century AD) was a Roman senator who achieved the office of '' consul ordinarius'' twice, first under Domitian and later under Hadrian. Biography Torquatus Asprenas was the son o ...

68 - 70 (Between AD 70 and AD 111 Galatia was combined with Cappadocia. The governors for those years can be found at List of Roman governors of Cappadocia.) ; Second organization of the province of Galatia *

Lucius Caesennius Sospes Lucius Caesennius Sospes was a Roman senator of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Through his mother, Flavia Sabina, a cousin of the Roman emperors Titus and Domitian, his connections enabled him to hold a series of civil and military imperial appoi ...

111 - 114 *

Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus (70 – 117) was a Roman senator and general. He rose from provincial aristocratic origins to occupy the highest offices of Rome. He served as a legionary commander and as imperial governor of Judea, Cappadoccia, Gal ...

c. 114 *

Lucius Catilius Severus Lucius Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus was a Roman senator and general active during the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian. He was appointed consul twice: the first time in 110 CE (as ''consul suffectus'') with Gaius Erucianus Silo as his ...

114 - 117? *

Lucius Cossonius Gallus Lucius Cossonius Gallus was a Roman senator, who held a number of offices in the imperial service. He was suffect consul in one of the '' nundinia'' that fell in the last half of AD 117 as the colleague of Publius Afranius Flavianus. His full n ...

117 - 119 *

Aulus Larcius Macedo Aulus Larcius Macedo was a Roman empire, Roman Roman senate, senator active in the early second century AD. He served as Roman consul, suffect consul for the ''nundinium'' of May to August 124 with Publius Ducenius Verres as his colleague. He is kno ...

119 - 122 * Gaius Trebius Sergianus c. 127 - 130 *

Julius Saturninus Sextus (possibly Gaius) Julius Saturninus (died 280 AD) was a Roman usurper against Emperor Probus.Vagi, p. 375 Julius Saturninus was a Gaul by birth (others have him as a Moor) and was a friend of Emperor Probus. He was appointed governor of ...

c. 130 - 136 * Gaius Julius Scapula c. 136 - 139 * Lucius Fulvius Rusticus Aemilianus Between 131 and 161 * Cornelius exer c. 156 - 159 ''or'' 157 - 160 *

Publius Juventius Celsus Publius Juventius Celsus Titus Aufidius Hoenius Severianus (AD 67– AD 130) — the son of a little-known jurist of the same name, hence also Celsus filius — was, together with Julian, the most influential ancient Roman jurist of the High Class ...

161–163 *

Lucius Fufidius Pollio Lucius ( el, Λούκιος ''Loukios''; ett, Luvcie) is a male given name derived from ''Lucius (praenomen), Lucius'' (abbreviated ''L.''), one of the small group of common Latin language, Latin forenames (''praenomen, praenomina'') found in the ...

163 - 165 * Titus Licinnius Mucianus c. 175 - 177 * Lucius Saevinius Proculus c. 177 - 180 *

Lucius Fabius Cilo Lucius Fabius Cilo, full name Lucius Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus, was a Roman senator, who was a confidant of Septimius Severus. He held a number of appointments that have been dated to the reigns of Commodus and S ...

c. 190 - 197 * ..Valerianus ..inus c. 194 - 197 * Lucius Petronius Verus 197/198 * Gaius Atticus Norbanus Strabo 198-c. 201 * Publius Caecilius Urbicus Aemilianus c. 205 - 208 * Publius Alfius Maximus c. 183 - 185 ''or'' 213 - 215 *

Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus (fl. 3rd century) was a Roman Empire, Roman military officer and Senate of the Roman Empire, senator, who served as governor of a number of provinces of the Roman East, including Galatia, Achaea, Bithynia and Pontus ...

c. 215 - 218 * Publius Plotius Romanus c. 218 - 221 * Lucius Julius Apronius Maenius Pius Salamallianus c. 221 - 224 * Quintus Aradius Rufinus Optatus Aelianus c. 224 - 227 * Quintus Servaeus Fuscus Cornelianus c. 229 - 230 * Marcus Domitius Valerianus c. 230 - 232 * Aurelius Basileus c. 227 - 229 ''or'' 232 - 235 * Marcus Junius Valerius Nepotianus 250 * Minicius Florentius After 250

Ecclesiastical administration

According to the canons of the

Council of Chalcedon The Council of Chalcedon (; la, Concilium Chalcedonense), ''Synodos tēs Chalkēdonos'' was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the Roman emperor Marcian. The council convened in the city of Chalcedon, Bith ...

(451) and the '' Synecdemus'' of Hierocles (c. 531), the province of Galatia Prima had

as its

metropolitan see Metropolitan may refer to: * Metropolitan area, a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories * Metropolitan borough, a form of local government district in England * Metropolitan county, a t ...

, with six suffragan sees:

Tavium Tavium, or Tavia ( grc, Τάουιον, translit=Taouion; la, Taouion or Tavium), was the chief city of the Galatian tribe of Trocmi, one of the three Celtic tribes which migrated from the Danube Valley to Galatia in present-day central Turkey in ...

Aspona Aspona ( gr, Ἄσπονα, Ἄσπωνα) was an ancient city and bishopric in Galatia, in central Asia Minor. It corresponds to the modern settlement of Sarıhüyük (earlier Şedithüyük). History The settlement lies some 80 km southeas ...

Kinna Kinna is a locality and the seat of Mark Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 14,776 inhabitants in 2010. Kinna is located south of Borås and south east of Gothenburg. The original Kinna has grown together with surrounding ...

, Lagania or Anastasiopolis, Mnizos and

Juliopolis Juliopolis or Ioulioupolis ( gr, Ἰουλιούπολις), occasionally also Heliopolis (Ἡλιούπολις), was an ancient and medieval city and episcopal see in Anatolia (modern Turkey). In later Byzantine times, it also bore the name Basi ...

. According to the canons of the Council of Chalcedon and the ''Synecdemus'', the province of Galatia Secunda had

as its

, with eight suffragan sees:

Orkistos Orcistus or Orkistos ( grc, Ὀρκιστός) was a city originally in the northeast of ancient Phrygia and later a bishopric in the Roman province of Galatia, Galatia Secunda, situated south of the town now called Ortaköy, Aksaray, Ortaköy and ...

, Petinessos,

Amorium Amorium was a city in Phrygia, Asia Minor which was founded in the Hellenistic period, flourished under the Byzantine Empire, and declined after the Arab sack of 838. It was situated on the Byzantine military road from Constantinople to Cil ...

, Klaneos (absent in Chalcedon), Troknades,

Eudoxias Eudoxias was a city and bishopric in the late Roman province of Galatia Secunda, in Asia Minor. Location Eudoxias is mentioned only by Hierocles (author of Synecdemus), Hierocles and the ''Notitiae episcopatuum'' of the Patriarchate of Constant ...

, Myrika and Germa or Myriangelon. Pessinus sank into decay when Justinianopolis was founded in the mid-6th century and eventually the metropolitan see was transferred there, while retaining his title.

References

Sources

* * {{Roman Governors States and territories established in the 1st century BC Provinces of the Byzantine Empire Provinces of the Roman Empire Roman provinces in Anatolia 25 BC establishments bg:Галатия