François Marie Daudin (; 29 August 1776 in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

– 30 November 1803 in Paris) was a French

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

. With legs paralyzed by childhood disease, he studied

physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...

and natural history, but ended up being devoted to the latter. Daudin wrote ' (Complete and Elementary Treatise of Ornithology) in 1799–1800. It was one of the first modern handbooks of

ornithology Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...

, combining Linnean

binomial nomenclature In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

with the anatomical and physiological descriptions of Buffon. While an excellent beginning, it was never completed. In 1800, he also published ''Recueil de mémoires et de notes sur des espèces inédites ou peu connues de mollusques, de vers et de zoophytes'' (Collection of memories and notes on new or little-known species of

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

worm Worms are many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes (though not always). Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine polychaete wor ...

s and zoophytes). Daudin found his greatest success in

herpetology Herpetology (from Greek ἑρπετόν ''herpetón'', meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal") is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians (gymnophiona)) and rept ...

. He published ''Histoire naturelle des reinettes, des grenouilles et des crapauds'' (Natural history of

tree frog A tree frog (or treefrog) is any species of frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees, known as an arboreal state. Several lineages of frogs among the Neobatrachia have given rise to treefrogs, although they are not closely rela ...

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-f ...

s and

toad Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. A distinction between frogs and toads is not made in scientif ...

s) in 1802, and ''Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des reptiles'' (Natural History of Reptiles) (8 volumes) in 1802–1803. This latter work contained descriptions of 517 species, many for the first time, based on examining over 1100 specimens. He was assisted by his wife "Adèle" (Adélaïde Geneviève de Grégoire de Saint-Sauveur, born 1774), who drew the illustrations. Although his books were commercial failures the couple did not live in poverty, due to the family fortune. She died of

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...

in late 1803, and he followed shortly thereafter, also of tuberculosis, not yet 30 years old.

Taxonomic credits

Despite his short life, Daudin made a lasting contribution to

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

Birds

* '' Accipiter minullus'', little sparrowhawk * '' Accipiter tachiro'', African goshawk * ''

Anhinga rufa The African darter (''Anhinga rufa''), sometimes called the snakebird, is a water bird of sub-Saharan Africa and Iraq. Taxonomy The African darter is a member of the darter family, Anhingidae, and is closely related to American (''Anhinga anhin ...

'', African darter * ''

Anthochaera paradoxa The yellow wattlebird (''Anthochaera paradoxa'') is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. Other names include the long wattlebird or Tasmanian wattlebird. Taxonomy French zoologist François Marie Daudin described the yellow w ...

'', yellow wattlebird * '' Ciccaba huhula'', black-banded owl * ''

Circus ranivorus The African marsh harrier (''Circus ranivorus'') is a bird of prey belonging to the harrier genus ''Circus''. It is largely resident in wetland habitats in southern, central and eastern Africa from South Africa north to South Sudan. Description ...

'', African marsh harrier * ''

Coracias naevius :''The name "purple roller" can also refer to the azure dollarbird (''Eurystomus azureus'') of Indonesia.'' The purple roller (''Coracias naevius''), or rufous-crowned roller, is a medium-sized bird widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Compared wi ...

'', Purple roller * '' Corvus leucognaphalus'', white-necked crow * '' Crypsirina temia'', black racket-tailed treepie * '' Falco chicquera'', red-necked falcon * '' Falco rufigularis'', bat falcon * ''

Falco tinnunculus The common kestrel (''Falco tinnunculus'') is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It is also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel, or Old World kestrel. In the United Kingdom, wher ...

rupicolus'', rock kestrel * '' Gymnasio nudipes'', Puerto Rican owl * '' Haliaeetus vocifer'', African fish eagle * '' Lamprotornis ornatus'', Principe glossy-starling * '' Lophaetus occipitalis'', long-crested eagle * '' Lophostrix cristata'', crested owl * '' Loxigilla portoricensis'', Puerto Rican bullfinch * ''

Malimbus malimbicus The crested malimbe (''Malimbus malimbicus'') is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gab ...

'', crested malimbe * '' Melanerpes portoricensis'', Puerto Rican woodpecker * ''

Melierax gabar The gabar goshawk (''Micronisus gabar'') is a small species of African and Arabian bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Description The gabar goshawk is polymorphic and occurs in two distinct forms which fluctuate in relative abundance acro ...

'', Gabar goshawk * '' Morphnus guianensis'', crested eagle * '' Onychognathus nabouroup'', pale-winged starling * '' Paradisaea rubra'', red bird-of-paradise * '' Phaethon lepturus'', white-tailed tropicbird * '' Ploceus baglafecht'', baglafecht weaver * ''

Polemaetus bellicosus The martial eagle (''Polemaetus bellicosus'') is a large eagle native to sub-Saharan Africa.Ferguson-Lees & Christie, ''Raptors of the World''. Houghton Mifflin Company (2001), . It is the only member of the genus ''Polemaetus''. A species of ...

'', martial eagle * '' Saltator fuliginosus'', black-throated grosbeak * ''

Seleucidis melanoleucus The twelve-wired bird-of-paradise (''Seleucidis melanoleucus'') is a medium-sized, approximately long, velvet black and yellow bird-of-paradise. The male has a red iris, long black bill and rich yellow plumes along his flanks. From the rear of ...

'', twelve-wired bird-of-paradise * '' Spizaetus ornatus'', ornate hawk eagle * '' Sporopipes frontalis'', speckle-fronted weaver * '' Sturnus melanopterus'', black-winged starling * '' Terathopius ecaudatus'', bateleur

Reptiles

* Genus ''

Acanthophis ''Acanthophis'' is a genus of elapid snakes. Commonly called ''death adders'', they are native to Australia, New Guinea and nearby islands, and are among the most venomous snakes in the world. Despite their common name, they are not adder ...

'', death adders * Genus ''

Bungarus ''Bungarus'' is a genus of venomous elapid snakes, the kraits ("krait" is pronounced , rhyming with "kite"), found in South and Southeast Asia. The genus ''Bungarus'' has 16 species. Distribution Kraits are found in tropical Asia, from near Ira ...

'', kraits * Genus '' Corallus'', tree boas * Genus ''

Eryx Eryx is a French short-range portable semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) based wire-guided anti-tank missile (ATGM) manufactured by MBDA France and by MKEK under licence. The weapon can also be used against larger bunkers and smal ...

'', Old World sand boas * Genus ''

Lachesis Lachesis ( ; grc, Λάχεσις, Lákhesis, disposer of lots; from , 'to obtain by lot, by fate, or by the will of the gods'), in ancient Greek religion, was the second of the Three Fates, or Moirai; the others were her sisters, Clotho and ...

'', bushmasters * Genus '' Pelamis'', yellow-bellied sea snakes * Genus ''

Python Python may refer to: Snakes * Pythonidae, a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia, and Australia ** ''Python'' (genus), a genus of Pythonidae found in Africa and Asia * Python (mythology), a mythical serpent Computing * Python (pro ...

'', pythons * Genus ''

Ophisaurus ''Ophisaurus'' (from the Greek 'snake-lizard') is a genus of superficially snake-like lizards in the family Anguidae. Known as joint snakes, glass snakes, or glass lizards, they are so-named because their tails are easily broken; like many liz ...

'', glass lizards * Genus ''

Takydromus ''Takydromus'' is a genus of lizards, commonly called grass lizards or oriental racers. Species of the genus ''Takydromus'' are endemic to a large part of Asia. Members of this genus are noticeable because of their slender appearance and thei ...

'', Oriental racers * ''

Alligator mississippiensis The American alligator (''Alligator mississippiensis''), sometimes referred to colloquially as a gator or common alligator, is a large crocodilian reptile native to the Southeastern United States. It is one of the two extant species in the gen ...

'', American alligator * '' Anolis auratus'', anole, no common name * '' Anolis punctatus'', Amazon green anole * ''

Atretium schistosum ''Atretium schistosum'', the split keelback or olive keelback wart snake, is a species of snake found in South Asia. It is a common and harmless watersnake. Distribution Found in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Nepal. In India it occurs in ...

'', split keelback (snake) * ''

Bitis cornuta The many-horned adder (''Bitis cornuta'') is a viper species. It is found in certain rocky desert areas, mostly along the Atlantic coast of southern Africa, in western South Africa and southwestern Namibia. It has characteristic tufts of "horns" ...

'', many-horned adder * ''

Boa constrictor The boa constrictor (scientific name also ''Boa constrictor''), also called the red-tailed boa, is a species of large, non-venomous, heavy-bodied snake that is frequently kept and bred in captivity. The boa constrictor is a member of the family B ...

imperator'', common northern boa * '' Caiman latirostris'', broad-snouted caiman * ''

Caiman yacare The yacare caiman (''Caiman yacare''), also known commonly as the jacare caiman, Spanish yacaré, Paraguayan caiman, piranha caiman, red caiman, southern spectacled caiman, ''jacaré'' in Portuguese, and îakaré in Old Tupi, is a species of cai ...

'', yacare caiman * ''

Clelia clelia ''Clelia clelia'', commonly known as the black mussurana or windward cribo, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to the New World. Etymology The subspecific name, ''groomei'', is in honor of Grenadian zoologist ...

'',

mussurana Mussurana or musurana (Portuguese: ''muçurana'') is a common name which is used for several species of New World snakes, especially species in the genus ''Clelia''. ''Clelia'' is a genus of large snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus is e ...

* ''

Coronella girondica :''Common names:'' southern smooth snake, Riccioli's snake.'' ''Coronella girondica'' is a species of harmless snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to southern Europe and northern Africa. No subspecies are recognized as being v ...

'', southern smooth snake * ''

Cuora amboinensis The Amboina box turtle or Southeast Asian box turtle (''Cuora amboinensis'') is a species of Asian box turtle. It is found in the Nicobar Islands, eastern India (Assam), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, central and southern Vie ...

amboinensis'', Malayan box turtle * ''

Dendrelaphis tristis ''Dendrelaphis tristis'' (Common bronzeback or Daudin's bronzeback) is a species of tree-snake found in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, and Bhutan. Description ''Dendrelaphis tristis'' is a long, slender snake with a poi ...

'', bronzeback (snake) * '' Disteira nigrocincta'', no common name, venomous sea snake * ''

Dracaena guianensis The northern caiman lizard (''Dracaena guianensis'') is a species of lizard found in northern South America. Appearance The northern caiman lizard is built similarly to its cousin the tegu, with a large heavy set body and short but powerful li ...

'', caiman lizard * ''

Elaphe helena The common trinket snake (''Coelognathus helena'') is a nonvenomous constrictor species of colubrid snake native to south Central Asia. Etymology The specific name of this snake, ''helena'', is thought to be a reference to Helen of Troy, cons ...

'', trinket snake * '' Enhydrina schistosa'', beaked sea snake * ''

Eumeces schneiderii ''Eumeces schneiderii'', commonly known as Schneider's skink or the Berber skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Central Asia, Western Asia, and North Africa. There are five recognized subspecies. Ety ...

'', Schneider's skink * ''

Gopherus polyphemus The gopher tortoise (''Gopherus polyphemus'') is a species of tortoise in the family Testudinidae. The species is native to the southeastern United States. The gopher tortoise is seen as a keystone species because it digs burrows that provide s ...

'', Florida gopher tortoise * '' Hemidactylus triedrus'', termite hill gecko * ''

Hydrophis cyanocinctus ''Hydrophis cyanocinctus'', commonly called the annulated sea snake or the blue-banded sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae. Description Head moderate. Diameter of eye less than its distance from the mouth in the ...

'', annulated sea snake * ''

Hydrophis mamillaris ''Hydrophis mamillaris'', sometimes referred to as the Bombay sea snake or broad-banded sea snake is a species of venomous sea snake native to the Indian Ocean. It is a poorly studied and surveyed species, with few records and a dubious type spec ...

'', Bombay sea snake * '' Hydrophis obscurus'', Russell's sea snake * ''

Kentropyx striata ''Kentropyx striata'', known Common name, commonly as the striped whiptail, is a species of lizard in the Family (biology), family Teiidae. The species is Endemism, endemic to northern South America. Geographic range ''K. striata'' is found in B ...

'', striped ''

Kentropyx ''Kentropyx'' is a genus of whiptail lizards in the Family (biology), family Teiidae. The genus is Endemism, endemic to South America including Trinidad and Barbados. Species There are nine valid species in this genus (listed alphabetically by ...

'' (lizard) * ''

Lacerta bilineata The western green lizard (''Lacerta bilineata'') is a lizard of the family Lacertidae. Etymology The genus name ''Lacerta'' and the species name ''bilineata'' are Latin words respectively meaning “lizard” and “with two lines”, with refe ...

'', western green lizard * ''

Lycodon capucinus ''Lycodon capucinus'', also known as the Oriental wolf snake, is a species of colubrid snake, which is commonly found in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Named after their enlarged front teeth, which gives them a muzzled appearance similar to can ...

'', common wolf snake * '' Lycodon nympha'', common bridal snake * ''

Micrurus psyches ''Micrurus psyches'', the Northern coral snake, or the Carib coral snake, is a species of coral snake in the family Elapidae. Specimens have been identified in Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil, Trinidad, and Colombia.https://rep ...

'', carib

coral snake Coral snakes are a large group of elapid snakes that can be divided into two distinct groups, the Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes. There are 16 species of Old World coral snakes, in three genera (''Calliophis'', '' Hemibungar ...

* ''

Oxybelis fulgidus ''Oxybelis fulgidus'', commonly known as the green vine snake or the flatbread snake (not to be confused with green-colored species in the genus ''Ahaetulla'', which are also referred as "green vine snake"), is a species of long, slender, arbore ...

'', green vine snake * ''

Pituophis melanoleucus ''Pituophis melanoleucus'', commonly known as the pine snake, is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States. Three subspecies are currently recognized as being valid. Taxon ...

'', pine snake * ''

Rafetus euphraticus The Euphrates softshell turtle (''Rafetus euphraticus''), also known as the Mesopotamian softshell turtle, is a species of softshell turtle in the family Trionychidae. It is found throughout much of the Euphrates–Tigris river basin in Iraq, ...

'', Euphrates softshell turtle * ''

Ramphotyphlops braminus ''Indotyphlops braminus'', commonly known as the brahminy blind snake and other names, is a non-venomous blind snake species found mostly in Africa and Asia, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. They are completely fossori ...

'', brahminy blind snake * '' Rhinoclemmys punctularia'', spot-legged turtle * ''

Sceloporus undulatus The eastern fence lizard (''Sceloporus undulatus'') is a medium-sized species of lizard in the Family (biology), family Phrynosomatidae. The species is found along forest edges, rock piles, and rotting logs or stumps in the eastern United States. I ...

undulatus'', eastern fence lizard * ''

Scelotes gronovii Gronovi's dwarf burrowing skink (''Scelotes gronovii'') is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to South Africa. Etymology Both the specific name, ''gronovii'', and the common name are in honor of Dutc ...

'', Gronovi's dwarf burrowing skink * ''

Siphlophis compressus ''Siphlophis compressus'' the tropical flat snake, is a snake found in tropical Central and South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It feeds on small lizards, other snakes, small mammals and probably on frogs and nestling bird Birds ...

'', red vine snake * '' Takydromus sexlineatus'', Asian grass lizard * ''

Teius teyou ''Teius teyou'', the four-toed tegu,''Teius t ...

'', no common name, family

Teiidae Teiidae is a family of autarchoglossan lizards native to the Americas. Members of this family are generally known as whiptails or racerunners; however, tegus also belong to this family. Teiidae is sister to the Gymnopthalmidae, and both famili ...

(whiptails) * '' Timon lepidus'', ocellated lizard * '' Tripanurgos compressus'', mapepire de fe (snake) * '' Varanus albigularis, rock monitor * '' Varanus bengalensis'', Bengal monitor * ''

Varanus griseus The desert monitor (''Varanus griseus'') is a species of monitor lizard of the order Squamata found living throughout North Africa and Central and South Asia. The desert monitor is carnivorous, feeding on a wide range of vertebrates and invert ...

'', desert monitor * ''

Varanus indicus The mangrove monitor, mangrove goanna, or Western Pacific monitor lizard (''Varanus indicus'') is a member of the monitor lizard family with a large distribution from northern Australia and New Guinea to the Moluccas and Solomon Islands. It grows ...

'', mangrove monitor * '' Xenoxybelis argenteus'', green striped vine snake

Amphibians

* '' Caecilia albiventris'', no common name,

Caecilian Caecilians (; ) are a group of limbless, vermiform or serpentine amphibians. They mostly live hidden in the ground and in stream substrates, making them the least familiar order of amphibians. Caecilians are mostly distributed in the tropics of ...

* ''

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis The hellbender (''Cryptobranchus alleganiensis''), also known as the hellbender salamander, is a species of aquatic giant salamander endemic to the eastern and central United States. It is the largest salamander in North America. A member of t ...

'', hellbender (salamander) * ''

Elachistocleis surinamensis ''Elachistocleis surinamensis'' is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is found in Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, and possibly Guyana. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, ...

'', sapito apuntado de Surinam * ''

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus ''Hoplobatrachus tigerinus'', commonly known as the Indian bullfrog, is a large species of fork-tongued frog found in South and Southeast Asia. A relatively large frog, it is normally green in color, although physiological traits vary between po ...

'', Indian bullfrog * '' Hyla surinamensis'' ('' nomen dubium'')2007 IUCN Red List – Search
/ref> * ''

Pelodytes punctatus The common parsley frog (''Pelodytes punctatus'') is a species of frog in the genus '' Pelodytes''. It lives in the Iberian region in south-western Europe. Description The common parsley frog (''Pelodytes punctatus'') is a very small and sle ...

'', common parsley frog * '' Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis'', rana lemur de flancos rojos * ''

Pseudacris ocularis The little grass frog (''Pseudacris ocularis'') is a species of chorus frog endemic to the Southeastern United States. It is currently the smallest North American anuran and occurs in a wide variety of ephemeral and semi-permanent wetlands. Des ...

'', little grass frog * ''

Sphaenorhynchus lacteus ''Sphaenorhynchus lacteus'', the Orinoco lime treefrog or greater hatchet-faced treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is a widely distributed species found in the Orinoco and Amazon basins in Venezuela, the Guianas ( Guyana, ...

'', rana fantasma (tree frog) * ''

Xenopus laevis The African clawed frog (''Xenopus laevis'', also known as the xenopus, African clawed toad, African claw-toed frog or the ''platanna'') is a species of African aquatic frog of the family Pipidae. Its name is derived from the three short claws ...

'', African clawed frog

Molluscs

* Genus '' Spiroglyptus'', wormsnails, family

Vermetidae The Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells, are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of species in the family Vermetidae are extremely irregular, and do ...

* Genus ''

Vermetus ''Vermetus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells. The genus ''Vermetus'' is very ancient: it occurs in the fossil record from the Jurassic to the Quaternary (age range: ...

'', wormsnails, family

Annelids

* Genus ''

Spirorbis ''Spirorbis'' is a genus of very small () polychaete worms, usually with a white coiled shell. Members of the genus live in the lower littoral and sublittoral zones of rocky shores. ''Spirorbis'' worms usually live attached to seaweeds, but som ...

'', hard tube worms

Taxa named in Daudin's honour

* ''

Aldabrachelys gigantea daudinii ''Aldabrachelys'' is the recognised genus for the Seychelles and Madagascan radiations of giant tortoises, including the Aldabra giant tortoise The Aldabra giant tortoise (''Aldabrachelys gigantea'') is a species of tortoise in the family T ...

'' – Daudin's giant tortoise (extinct,

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...

)

References

External links

Zoologica

Göttingen State and University Library The Göttingen State and University Library (german: Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen or SUB Göttingen) is the library for Göttingen University as well as for the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and is the state li ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daudin, Francois Marie French zoologists French taxonomists 1776 births 1803 deaths French herpetologists French ornithologists 18th-century French zoologists 19th-century French zoologists Scientists from Paris