Franz Theodor Csokor
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Franz Theodor Csokor (6 September 1885–5 January 1969) was an
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n author and dramatist, particularly well known for his
Expressionist Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...
dramas. His most successful and best-known piece is ''3. November 1918'', about the downfall of the
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
monarchy. In many of his works Csokor deals with themes of antiquity and Christianity.


Life

Csokor was born into a respectable middle-class family in
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
. (The name Csokor is Hungarian and means ''bunch f flowers'). He started on a course of art history, but did not finish it. From early on he felt a calling to be a dramatist, and composed his first pieces before
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. He spent 1913–14 in
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. During World War I he was a soldier, and was latterly employed in the War Archives From 1922 to 1928 Csokor was the dramaturgist at the Raimundtheater and at the Deutsches Volkstheater in Vienna. From 1933 he was already a decided opponent of
National Socialism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hit ...
and signed a document saying so at the
PEN A pen is a common writing instrument that applies ink to a surface, usually paper, for writing or drawing. Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity wh ...
congress in
Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
. In 1938, after the
annexation Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
of Austria to Germany, he emigrated voluntarily, and after travelling via
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
and
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
, ended up in
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
in 1944, where he lived in
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
. He worked for the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
and returned to Vienna in 1946 in
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
uniform. In 1947 Csokor became president of the Austrian
PEN Club PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous Internation ...
, with which he remained actively associated until well into his old age. In 1968 he also became vice-president of the
International PEN PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous Internationa ...
. As a convinced
humanist Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential and agency of human beings. It considers human beings the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The meaning of the term "humani ...
Csokor spoke up in his dramas for peace, freedom and human rights. His creative life was also closely connected with the Labour movement. Csokor was awarded the title of Professor. He died in Vienna, and is buried in a grave of honour in the
Zentralfriedhof The Vienna Central Cemetery (german: Wiener Zentralfriedhof) is one of the largest cemeteries in the world by number of interred, and is the most well-known cemetery among Vienna's nearly 50 cemeteries. The cemetery's name is descriptive of its ...
. The ''Csokorgasse'', a street in Vienna, was named after him in 1975. In 1994 the Austrian Post Office published a special stamp in his honour.


Decorations and awards

* 1937 Golden Laurel of the Warsaw Academy of Letters * 1937 Gold Cross of Merit (Poland) * 1937 Burgtheater ring * 1938 Grillparzer Prize * 1953 Literary Prize of the City of Vienna * 1955 Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna * 1955
Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature The Grand Austrian State Prize () is a decoration given annually by Austria to an artist for exceptional work. The recipient must be an Austrian citizen with a permanent residence in Austria. It was originally created in 1950 by then education mi ...
* 1960 Golden Pen * 1961 Honorary Member of the Press Club Concordia * 1965
Austrian Decoration for Science and Art The Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (german: Österreichisches Ehrenzeichen für Wissenschaft und Kunst) is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria and forms part of the Austrian national honours system. History The "Austrian D ...


Works


Theatrical pieces

* ''Die rote Straße'', 1918 * ''Die Stunde des Absterbens'', 1919 * ''Gesellschaft der Menschenrechte'', 1929 * ''Besetztes Gebiet'', 1930 * ''3. November 1918'', 1936; Ephelant 1993. . * ''Gottes General'', 1939; Ephelant 1993. . * ''Kalypso'', 1942 * ''Der verlorene Sohn'', 1943; Ephelant 1993. . * ''Cäsars Witwe'', 1954 * ''Pilatus'', 1954 * ''Hebt den Stein ab'', 1957 * ''Jadwiga'', 1966 * ''Der tausendjährige Traum'', 1966 * ''Alexander'', 1969 * ''Der Kaiser zwischen den Zeiten'', 1969


Prose

* ''Hildebrands Heimkehr, eine deutsche Sage'', 1905 * ''Schuß ins Geschäft (Der Fall Otto Eißler)'', 1925 * ''Über die Schwelle'', short stories, 1937 * ''Der Schlüssel zum Abgrund'', novel, 1955 * ''Der zweite Hahnenschrei'', short stories, 1959 * ''Ein paar Schaufeln Erde'', short stories, 1965 * ''Auch heute noch nicht an Land. Briefe und Gedichte aus dem Exil.'' With ''Das schwarze Schiff'' and ''Zeuge einer Zeit''. Ephelant 1993. .


Lyric poetry

* ''Die Gewalten'', 1912 * ''Der Dolch und die Wunde'', 1917 * ''Ewiger Aufbruch'', 1926 * ''Das schwarze Schiff'', 1945, 1947; 1993 * ''Immer ist Anfang'', 1952


Autobiography

* ''Als Zivilist im polnischen Krieg'', Allert de Lange, Amsterdam 1940 * ''Als Zivilist im Balkankrieg'', Ullstein, Vienna 1947 ** new edition ed. Franz Richard Reiter. Ephelant, Vienna 2000. Excerpt in FTC, ''Der 25. Juli'' in Zwischenwelt. Theodor Kramer Society Jg. 27 #4, February 2011 pp. 46f. * ''Auf fremden Straßen'', Desch, Vienna 1955 * ''Zeuge einer Zeit: Briefe aus dem Exil 1933–1950'', Langen-Müller, Munich 1955
Autobiographical sketch by Franz Theodor Csokor, ca. 1914
for Franz Brümmer; In: Digital Edition of the lexicographic papers from the literary estate of Franz Brümmer


References

* Lilly Adler: ''Die dramatischen Werke von Franz Theodor Csokor''. Vienna: university dissertation 1950. * Joseph P. Strelka (ed.): ''Immer ist Anfang. Der Dichter Franz Theodor Csokor''. Lang, Frankfurt am Main and elsewhere. 1990. . * Eckart Früh: ''F. Th. Csokor, ein Frondeur''. In: ''3. November 1918. Der verlorene Sohn. Gottes General''., Ephelant 1993, pp. 249–254. . * Harald Klauhs: ''Franz Theodor Csokor. Leben und Werk bis 1938 im Überblick''. Heinz, Akad. Verl., Stuttgart 1988. (= Stuttgarter Arbeiten zur Germanistik; 204) . * Ulrich N. Schulenburg (ed.): ''Lebensbilder eines Humanisten. Ein Franz Theodor Csokor-Buch''. Löcker, Vienna 1992. . * Paul Wimmer: ''Der Dramatiker Franz Theodor Csokor''. Wagner, Innsbruck 1981. (= Dramatiker, Stücke, Perspektiven; 4) .


External links

*
Website about Franz Theodor Csokor

www.csokor.de SAB

Autobiographical sketch by Franz Theodor Csokor, ca. 1914
to Franz Brümmer; In: Digital Edition of the lexicographic papers from the literary estate of Franz Brümmer
Entry about Franz Theodor Csokor
in the lexicon of the Landesmuseum Niederösterreich


Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Csokor, Franz Theodor 1885 births 1969 deaths Writers from Vienna Austrian male dramatists and playwrights Austrian emigrants to Italy Emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss Expressionist dramatists and playwrights Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland) Recipients of the Grand Austrian State Prize Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art 20th-century Austrian dramatists and playwrights 20th-century Austrian male writers