Fyodor Osipovich Schechtel (russian: Фёдор О́сипович Ше́хтель; August 7, 1859 – July 7, 1926) was a Russian

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

, graphic artist and stage designer, the most influential and prolific master of Russian Art Nouveau and late

Russian Revival architecture The Russian Revival style (historiographical names are: ''Russian style'', russian: русский стиль, ''Pseudo-Russian style'', russian: псевдорусский стиль, ''Neo-Russian style'', russian: нео-русский стил ...

. Baptised as Franz Albert Schechtel (also transliterated as Shekhtel), he created most of his work as Franz Schechtel (Франц Шехтель), changing his name to Fyodor with the outbreak of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. In two decades of independent practice he completed five theaters, five churches, 39 private residences,

Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal Moscow Yaroslavsky railway station (russian: Ярославский вокзал) is one of the nine main railway stations in Moscow. Situated on Komsomolskaya Square (close to the Kazansky and Leningradsky Stations), Moscow Yaroslavskaya ha ...

and various other buildings, primarily in Moscow. Most of his legacy survives to date.

Biography

Early life

Franz Schechtel (Russified as Fyodor Osipovich) was born to a family of

ethnic German , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

engineers in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

, the second of five children. His parents were

Volga Germans The Volga Germans (german: Wolgadeutsche, ), russian: поволжские немцы, povolzhskiye nemtsy) are ethnic Germans who settled and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov ...

Saratov Saratov (, ; rus, Сара́тов, a=Ru-Saratov.ogg, p=sɐˈratəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River upstream (north) of Volgograd. Saratov had a population of 901,36 ...

. His mother, born Daria Karlovna Zhegin, came from a family of Saratov merchants. Schechtel's uncle on his father's side, also named Franz Schechtel, was an established businessman in Saratov. He is credited with building the first theater in Saratov. See als
a photocopy of the Schechtel family tree
The Schechtel family relocated to Saratov in 1865 to assist the ailing Franz Sr. in business. Both brothers, Franz Sr. and Osip, died in 1867. Business debts ruined their families, forcing Daria Karlovna to seek free boarding schools for the children; she relocated to Moscow and worked for

Pavel Tretyakov Pavel Mikhaylovich Tretyakov (russian: Па́вел Миха́йлович Третьяко́в; 27 December 1832 – 16 December 1898) was a Russian businessman, patron of art, collector, and philanthropist who gave his name to the Tretyakov Gal ...

. Franz attended a free

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

seminary A seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called ''seminarians'') in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, ...

in Saratov, graduating in 1875. However, he received his high school diploma only in 1880, when he was drafted into the

Russian Imperial Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

(Schechtel was eventually relieved from service). Moscow Chekhov Art Theatre 03-2016

An emerging artist

In 1875 Schechtel arrived in Moscow and attended architectural classes at the

Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture The Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (russian: Московское училище живописи, ваяния и зодчества, МУЖВЗ) also known by the acronym MUZHZV, was one of the largest educational insti ...

. He was expelled in 1878 for "bad attendance." 19-year-old Franz made his living by assisting architect

Alexander Kaminsky Alexander Stepanovich Kaminsky (1829–1897, russian: Александр Степанович Каминский, sometimes spelled Kamensky, Каменский) was a Russian architect working in Moscow and suburbs. One of the most successful and ...

(a relative of

), in painting

icon An icon () is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches. They are not simply artworks; "an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion". The most ...

s, church

fresco Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...

es and daily illustrations for newspapers and magazines. There he met author and playwright

Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; 29 January 1860 Old Style date 17 January. – 15 July 1904 Old Style date 2 July.) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career ...

and his brother

Nikolay Chekhov Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov (russian: Николай Павлович Чехов; May 23, 1858 – June 29, 1889) was a Russian painter and the brother of Anton Chekhov. Biography As a child Nikolai showed talents for art and music. He attended ...

. Schechtel illustrated a book for Chekhov in 1886, who then recommended Schechtel to other clients. This experience (as well as the Tretyakov connection) familiarized Franz with Moscow's artistic circles and the wealthy patrons of the arts who would become his future clients, notably the Morozov family of

Old Believers Old Believers or Old Ritualists, ''starovery'' or ''staroobryadtsy'' are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow bet ...

. Throughout the 1880s, Schechtel completed many theatrical stage designs; most of his graphics from this period have been lost, excluding a small fraction stored at the

Bakhrushin Museum A. A. Bakhrushin State Central Theatre Museum (abbreviated as SCTM. A. A. Bakhrushin, the Bakhrushin Museum, the former Literary-Theatrical Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences russian: Государственный Центральный � ...

in Moscow. Moscow SpiridonovkaStreet Morozova Palace 01-2017

Early architecture

Schechtel obtained a construction management license in 1894. His earlier projects, completed under Kaminsky's management, are sometimes credited to Kaminsky alone. Schechtel's first own, undisputed building - Zinaida Morozova House in Spiridonovka Street, 1893, famous for

Mikhail Vrubel Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (russian: Михаил Александрович Врубель; March 17, 1856 – April 14, 1910, all New Style, n.s.) was a Russian Painting, painter, Drawing, draughtsman, and sculptor. A prolific and inno ...

artwork - is a mix of

Gothic architecture Gothic architecture (or pointed architecture) is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It e ...

and

romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...

. In the same year he completed the interior of the Kharitonenko Mansion on Sofiiskaya Naberezhnaya. His style during the 1890s meanders between Gothic and

Russian Revival The Russian Revival style (historiographical names are: ''Russian style'', russian: русский стиль, ''Pseudo-Russian style'', russian: псевдорусский стиль, ''Neo-Russian style'', russian: нео-русский стил ...

. The first sign of a new, mature style (a Russian version of

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

, ''Russky Modern''), appears in his 1899 Arshinov House in Malaya Ordynka Street.

Art Nouveau

Schechtel's turn to Art Nouveau is associated with the 1900 Levenson Printshop in Trekhprudny Lane, in

Patriarshy Ponds Patriarch's Ponds (russian: Патриаршие пруды, ''Patriarshiye prudy'') is park, pond and an affluent residential area in downtown Presnensky District of Moscow, Russia. For the last 200 years, there has been only ''one'' pond, altho ...

, a well-to-do neighborhood near Moscow's center. Patriarshy Ponds is still home to many of Schechtel's works, including two of his own residences from 1896 and 1910. Schechtel designed the Printshop to have Gothic trim, but changed his plan midway through construction. His "Popov Tea House" pavilion at the

Exposition Universelle (1900) The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate developmen ...

in Paris earned a silver medal, exposing him to international fame
diploma
. At home, he was inducted as a member of the

Imperial Academy of Arts The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the Thre ...

in 1902
photograph of diploma
. 1899-1903 were Schechtel's most productive years. In this period, he designed (in Moscow alone, not including out-of-town commissions): * 1899: Arshinov House (32, Bolshaya Ordynka) and offices (5, Staropansky Lane) * 1900: Lutheran chapel (7, Starosadsky Lane) * 1900: Levenson Printshop (9, Trekhprudny Lane) * 1900: Ryabushinsky Mansion (6, Malaya Nikitskaya Street), now known as the

Gorky Museum The Gorky Museum is an architectural landmark of the "Moderne" style, the Russian term for Art Nouveau. It was built in Moscow in 1900–02 by the architect Fyodor Schechtel. It is also known as the Ryabouchinsky House, for the young Russian ind ...

* 1901: Derozhinskaya Mansion (7, Kropotkinsky Lane) * 1901: "Boyarsky Dvor" hotel and offices (1, Staraya Square
photographs, floorplan
* 1901: Kahn apartment building (35, Malaya Nikitskaya Street) * 1902:

(completed 1904), the most visible of his Moscow works * 1902: St.Nicholas chapel (Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street) destroyed 1930s * 1900-1903:

Moscow Art Theatre The Moscow Art Theatre (or MAT; russian: Московский Художественный академический театр (МХАТ), ''Moskovskiy Hudojestvenny Akademicheskiy Teatr'' (МHАТ)) was a theatre company in Moscow. It was f ...

reconstruction
facade
* 1901-1903: Smirnov House reconstruction (18,

Tverskoy Boulevard Tverskoy Boulevard (russian: Тверской бульвар) is one of the main thoroughfares in central Moscow. It is a part of the Boulevard Ring and begins at the end of the Nikitsky Boulevard, at the crossing with Bolshaya Nikitskaya Stre ...

) * 1903: Ryabushinsky Bank (Birzhevaya Square) Unlike his rival

Lev Kekushev Lev Nikolayevich Kekushev (russian: Лев Николаевич Кекушев) was a Russian architect, notable for his Art Nouveau buildings in Moscow, built in the 1890s and early 1900s in the original, Franco-Belgian variety of this style. Ke ...

, Schechtel never committed himself to a single style. His Yaroslavsky Terminal and Ryabushinsky House are distinct, setting two trends of Schechtel's future work: the internationalized, refined Art Nouveau and the last round of Russian Revival before the

Revolution of 1917 The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government ...

Mature years

In the aftermath of the

Russian Revolution of 1905 The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed again ...

the Russian government lifted all limitations on

, and they responded by commissioning churches to be built all over the country. In 1909 Schechtel won an open contest to construct

Belokrinitskoe Soglasie Belokrinitskoe soglasie () is the largest and one of the most 'temperate' and 'optimistic' denominations among the Popovtsy Old Believers. The name derives from the name of the village Belokrinitsa, where the full hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox ...

church in

Balakovo Balakovo ( rus, Балако́во, p=bəlɐˈkovə) is a city in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the East bank of the Volga River about northeast of Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History It was founded in 17 ...

, financed by the Balakovo-based Maltsev brothers. By this time, Schechtel (a Roman Catholic) had firmly established himself within the Old Believer community, having done previous projects for the Maltsevs. Schechtel designed an eight-faceted

tented church A tented roof (also known as a pavilion roof) is a type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak.W. Dean EastmanHometown Handbook: Architecture./ref> Tented roofs, a hallmark of medieval religious architecture, were ...

, borrowing elements from the style of the Church of Ascension at

Kolomenskoye Kolomenskoye (russian: Коло́менское) is a former royal estate situated several kilometers to the southeast of the city center of Moscow, Russia, on the ancient road leading to the town of Kolomna (hence the name). The 390 hectare ...

in Moscow and older architectural traditions of the Russian North. The church, which could accommodate 1,200 worshippers, was completed in 1912, but was later destroyed during the Soviet period. It is now being rebuilt by the

Russian Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...

). After 1905, Schechtel was famous for his office buildings, applying Art Nouveau concepts to steel frame structures, notably the 1907 Ryabushinsky Printshop in Putinkovsky Lane
photographs, floorplan
and the 1909 Merchant's Society offices in Cherkassky Lanes

the latter damaged by inadequate replacement of the original windows). Emphasis on the top floor ornamentation, witnessed in the Merchant Society Building, became a key feature in the so-called ''Rationalist Modern'' trend in commercial architectural design. Chekhov library20

In 1909 Schechtel turned to

Neoclassical Revival Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism, Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The pr ...

, building his own (third) residence on the

Garden Ring The Garden Ring, also known as the "B" Ring (russian: Садо́вое кольцо́, кольцо́ "Б"; transliteration: ''Sadovoye Koltso''), is a circular ring road Avenue (landscape), avenue around central Moscow, its course correspondin ...

in strict

Doric style The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of col ...

. He began taking more commissions outside Moscow, notably in

Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...

, his hometown of Saratov, and Taganrog, including the neoclassical

Chekhov Library Chekhov Library in Taganrog (full name ''The Central Municipal Public Library named after Anton Chekhov'', russian: Центральная городская публичная библиотека имени А.П.Чехова) is the oldest libr ...

in 1914.

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

's refuge in 1923-1924, the neoclassical

Gorki Leninskiye Gorki Leninskiye (russian: Го́рки Ле́нинские) is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Leninsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located south of Moscow city limits and the Moscow Ring Road. Its population is: The esta ...

estate (formerly Morozov property), is also Schechtel's design.

Death and legacy

The advent of

in 1914, which halted practically all new construction for a decade, brought an end to Schechtel's professional career. His last work before the revolution was a wooden

in the Moscow suburb of Solomennaya Storozhka, funded by the Tula Militia training camp. Schechtel modelled the church on historical Olonetz area models (excluding the integrated belfry, which was uncommon for Olonetz architecture). The church was closed in the 1930s, neglected and eventually demolished in the 1960s; a wooden replica was built in 1996-1997. Schectel's only post-1917 work, a pavilion at the 1923 All-Russia Agricultural Exhibition, met a similar fate. Shechtel cooperated with various planning and design agencies, continued teaching at Stroganov School of Arts and VKhuTEMAS, and even applied to the 1925

Lenin Mausoleum Lenin's Mausoleum (from 1953 to 1961 Lenin's & Stalin's Mausoleum) ( rus, links=no, Мавзолей Ленина, r=Mavzoley Lenina, p=məvzɐˈlʲej ˈlʲenʲɪnə), also known as Lenin's Tomb, situated on Red Square in the centre of Moscow, is ...

contest
Schechtel's entry
, but did not build anything anymore. Construction in the USSR, halted by a decade of hostilities, resumed in 1926, the year of Schechtel's death. In 1918, the architect was evicted from his house on Bolshaya Sadovaya and had to live with his daughter, Vera Tonkova (née Schechtel). Of Schechtel's four children, two of them — Vera Tonkova and Lev Zhegin — would become well-known artists. According to several accounts, however, Schechtel died in bitter poverty. He was interred at

Vagankovo Cemetery Vagankovo Cemetery (russian: Ваганьковское кладбище, Vagan'kovskoye kladbishche), established in 1771, is located in the Presnya district of Moscow. It started in the aftermath of the Moscow plague riot of 1771 outside the cit ...

. Schechtel's Art Nouveau was despised by Soviet critics as rotten

formalism Formalism may refer to: * Form (disambiguation) * Formal (disambiguation) * Legal formalism, legal positivist view that the substantive justice of a law is a question for the legislature rather than the judiciary * Formalism (linguistics) * Scient ...

until the

Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev; uk, links= no, Леонід Ілліч Брежнєв, . (19 December 1906– 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1964 and 1 ...

period. At the same time, his Neo-Russian structures, such as Yaroslavsky Terminal, which matched the patriotic Soviet rhetoric quite well, were at first tolerated and later praised. Many of his Moscow mansions were leased to foreign embassies, have been well maintained and are still in good order inside and out. His public buildings, including his theaters and the Taganrog Library, also remain close to their original design externally.

Buildings

M Dmitrovka Ryabushinsky Schechtel detail

* 1884: Shchapov Building (58, Baumanskaya Street, Moscow) - assistant to Alexander Kaminsky. First record of Schechtel's architecture. * 1886: Paradise Theater (Bolshaya Nikitskaya, Moscow, now Mayakovsky Theater), with Konstantin Tersky * 1887: (draft) Archangel Michael chapel,

Taganrog Taganrog ( rus, Таганрог, p=təɡɐnˈrok) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of the Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. Population: History of Taganrog The ...

* 1889: Own (first) house (20, Peterburg Highway, Moscow, destroyed 1937) * 1889: Von Dervis estates,

Ryazan Oblast Ryazan Oblast ( rus, Рязанская область, r=Ryazanskaya oblast, p=rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities ...

br>gallery
* 1889: Morozov memorial chapel (

Rogozhskoye Cemetery Rogozhskoe cemetery ( rus, Рогожское кладбище, p=rɐˈɡoʂskəjɪ ˈkladbʲɪɕːɪ) in Moscow, Russia, is the spiritual and administrative center of the largest Old Believers denomination, called the Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Chu ...

, Moscow) * 1892: Morozov House (

Kirzhach Kirzhach (russian: Киржа́ч) is a town and the administrative center of Kirzhachsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Kirzhach River in the west of the oblast, west of Vladimir and south of Alexandrov. Population: Et ...

) * 1890: Lukalov country estate (Velikoye,

Yaroslavl Oblast Yaroslavl Oblast (russian: Яросла́вская о́бласть, ''Yaroslavskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma ...

photo
* 1891: Vikula Morozov country estate (Odintsovo-Arkhangeskoye, near Domodedovo) rebuilt and(or) destroye
Gates, 1900s
see also * 1893: Zinaida Morozova House (Spiridonovka Street, Moscow) * 1893 avel KharitonenkoHouse, (Sofiiskaya Naberezhnaya, Moscow) * 1896: Kuznetsov House (43, Prospekt Mira, Moscow) * 1896: Own (second) House (28, Yermolaevsky Lane, Moscow) * 1897:

Varvara Morozova Varvara (Cyrillic: Варвара; el, Βαρβάρα, ''Varvára''), a variant of " Barbara", may refer to: Places * Varvara, Azerbaijan * Varvara, Prozor, on the Rama river, Bosnia and Herzegovina * Varvara, Burgas Province, Bulgaria * Varvara ...

memorial chapel (

Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery (russian: Преображенское кладбище, lit. Transfiguration Cemetery) is a cemetery in the eastern part of Moscow long associated with Old Believers. It was inaugurated by a Fedoseevtsy merchant in 1777 ...

, Moscow) * 1897: (draft) People's House in Sokolniki,

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

br>draft
* 1899: Zakharyin memorial chapel ( Kurkino, now Moscow) * 1899: Arshinov House (32, Bolshaya Ordynka, Moscow) * 1899: Arshinov offices (5, Staropansky Lane, Moscow) * 1900: Lutheran chapel (7, Starosadsky Lane, Moscow) * 1900: Ryabushinsky Mansion (Malaya Nikitskaya Street, Moscow) * 1900: Church of the Saviour,

Ivanovo Ivanovo ( rus, Иваново, p=ɪˈvanəvə) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Russia. It is the administrative center and largest city of Ivanovo Oblast, located northeast of Moscow and approximately from Yaroslavl, Vlad ...

(Byzantine Revival style, completed 1903, destroyed 1937) * 1900: Maltsev House (75, Kommunisticheskaya Street,

www.museum.ru
* 1901: Derozhinskaya Mansion (Kropotkinsky Lane, Moscow, currently Embassy of

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

) * 1901:

Russian Pavilion The Russian pavilion houses Russia's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals. Background Organization and building The Russian pavilion was designed and built between 1913 and 1914. Its architect, Alexey Shch ...

at Glasgow Exhibition * 1901: "Boyarsky Dvor" hotel and offices (Staraya Square, Mosco
photographs, floorplan
* 1901: Kahn apartment building (35, Malaya Nikitskaya Street, Moscow) * 1902:

(completed 1904) * 1902: St. Nicholas chapel (Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street, Moscow) destroyed 1930s * 1900-1903:

reconstruction
facade
* 1901-1903: Smirnov House (18,

, reconstruction of earlier structure) * 1903: Ryabushinsky Bank (Birzhevaya Square, Moscow) * 1904: Stroganov School apartment building (24, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow
photographs, floorplan
* 1904?: Kharitonenko House (12, Sofiyskaya Embankment, Moscow, former

Gustav List Gustav, Gustaf or Gustave may refer to: * Gustav (name), a male given name of Old Swedish origin Art, entertainment, and media * ''Primeval'' (film), a 2007 American horror film * ''Gustav'' (film series), a Hungarian series of animated short car ...

house, now Embassy of

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

) with Vasily Zalessky * 1904?: Anton Chekhov's tomb

Novodevichy Cemetery Novodevichy Cemetery ( rus, Новоде́вичье кла́дбище, Novodevichye kladbishche) is a cemetery in Moscow. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist ...

* 1905: Old Believers' Church house (4, Turchaninov Lane, Moscow) * 1906: Levenson House ("Teremok", 4, Chobotovsky Proezd, Moscow) * 1907: Ryabushinsky Printshop ("Utro Rossii", 3, Bolshoy Putinkovsky Lane, Moscow, completed 1909
photographs, floorplan
* 1907: Patrikeev House (6, Pravoberezhnaya Street, Moscow, now within Hospital No.1) * 1908: Winter Theater (55, Krasnaya Street,

Krasnodar Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Краснодар), formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern ...

) with

Alexander Kozlov Alexander Alexandrovich Kozlov (russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Козло́в; born 2 January 1981) is a Russian politician serving as the Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of Russia since 10 November 2020. ...

* 1909: Merchants' Society offices (2, Maly Cherkassky Lane, Moscow
photograph, floorplans
* 1909: Apartment building (13, Pyatnitskaya, Moscow) * 1909: "Khudozhestvenny" Cinema (

Arbat Square Arbatskaya Square or Arbat Square () is one of the oldest squares of Moscow, located on the junction of Gogolevsky Boulevard, Znamenka Street and Arbat Gates Square (in 1925–1993 – part of Arbatskaya Square). The square is home to the Arbats ...

, Moscow) * 1909: Shamshin apartment building (8/13, Znamenka Street, Moscow) * 1909: Zakharyin Hospital ( Kurkino, now Moscow) with

Igor Grabar Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar (russian: И́горь Эммануи́лович Граба́рь, 25 March 1871 in Budapest – 16 May 1960 in Moscow) was a Russian post-impressionism, post-impressionist painter, publisher, restorer and historian ...

* 1909: Stroganov School Store (Rozhdestvenka Street, Moscow) * 1909: Own (third) house (4, Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, Moscow) * 1909: Zinaida Morozova (Zimina) estate, now

, completed 1914 * 1910: (draft) Bank Offices (

Nikolskaya Street Nikolskaya Street (russian: Никольская улица) is a pedestrian street in the Kitay-Gorod of Moscow. It connects Red Square and Lubyanka Square. It was known as the ''Street of the 25th of October'' between 1935 and 1990. The nor ...

, Moscow) * 1911:

, Taganrog

draft Draft, The Draft, or Draught may refer to: Watercraft dimensions * Draft (hull), the distance from waterline to keel of a vessel * Draft (sail), degree of curvature in a sail * Air draft, distance from waterline to the highest point on a vessel ...

, completed 1914 * 1911: Rukavishnikov House (39,

Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street (russian: Большая Покровская улица, lit=Greater Intercession Street. Short-name - Pokrovka) is the high street in the historical centre of Nizhny Novgorod and one of its oldest streets. Until 19 ...

, later a concert hall
1980s photo
* 1912: Sharonov Mansion (80, Frunze Street, Taganrog) * 1911: Reyneke House (22, Sobornaya,

) * 1913: Rukavishnikov Bank (23, Rozhdestvenskaya,

1980s photo: Embankment facade
* 1913: Mindovskaya House (9, Vspolny Lane, Moscow) * 1913?: Suroshnikov House (

Samara Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...

photo
* 1914: Erlanger crypt (Vvedenskoye cemetery, Moscow) * 1914: (draft) Museum in

br>draft
* 1916: St.Nicholas Church of Tula Druzhina (Solomennaya Storozhka, Moscow, destroyed 1960
exterior
The wooden tented church was rebuilt in 1996-1997

* 1923: Turkestan Pavilion, All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow * 1925: (draft) Lenin Mausoleu
www.utopia.ru

References

''This article is started as an abridged translation of Russian wiki

article Article often refers to: * Article (grammar), a grammatical element used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness * Article (publishing), a piece of nonfictional prose that is an independent part of a publication Article may also refer to: G ...

, itself based on materials fro
mosmodern.race.ru
Some material was rearranged as in V.G.Vlasov's "Lexicon of Fine Arts".Russian: Власов В.Г. Большой энциклопедический словарь изобразительного искусства, СПБ, 2000, online a

/ref> Contradicting, unreferenced statements were omitted. Dates, wherever possible, are referenced to drafts, not completion, as in "Architectural monuments of Moscow" ("Памятники архитектуры Москвы") academic edition.'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Schechtel, Fyodor 1859 births 1926 deaths Artists from Saratov Art Nouveau architects Russian illustrators Russian people of German descent Architects from Moscow Academic staff of Vkhutemas Burials at Vagankovo Cemetery Deaths from stomach cancer Deaths from cancer in the Soviet Union Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian) Recipients of the Order of St. Anna Volga German people Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture alumni Academic staff of Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry