Fuzhou (; ,
Fuzhounese: Hokchew, ''Hók-ciŭ''),
alternately romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest
cities
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in
Fujian
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
province, China. Along with the many counties of
Ningde
Ningde (; Foochow Romanized: Nìng-dáik), also known as Mindong (; Foochow Romanized: Mìng-dĕ̤ng; lit. East of Fujian), is a prefecture-level city located along the northeastern coast of Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It borders ...
, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute the
Mindong
Eastern Min or Min Dong (, Foochow Romanized: Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄), is a branch of the Min group of Sinitic languages of China. The prestige form and most-cited representative form is the Fuzhou dialect, the speech of the capital of Fujian.
...
(lit. Eastern Fujian) linguistic and cultural area.
Fuzhou lies on the north (left) bank of the estuary of Fujian's largest river, the
Min River. All along its northern border lies Ningde, and Ningde's
Gutian County
(; Foochow Romanized: ''Kŭ-chèng Gâing'') is a county lying in the northeastern Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Ningde City and is located in the southwest part of the municipality. It is also ...
lies upriver. Its population was 7,115,370 inhabitants as of the 2010 census, of whom 4,408,076 inhabitants are urban representing around 61.95%, while rural population is at 2,707,294 representing around 38.05%.
As of 31 December 2018, the total population was estimated at 7,740,000 whom 4,665,000 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of 5 urban districts plus Minhou County.
In 2015, Fuzhou was ranked as the 10th fastest growing metropolitan area in the world by
Brookings Institution
The Brookings Institution, often stylized as simply Brookings, is an American research group founded in 1916. Located on Think Tank Row in Washington, D.C., the organization conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in e ...
.
Fuzhou is listed as No. 20 in China
Integrated City Index 2016's total ranking, a study conducted by
National Development and Reform Commission
The National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China (NDRC), formerly State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission, is a macroeconomic management agency under the State Council, which has b ...
.
Fuzhou is also a major city for scientific research, appearing in the global top 50 cities as tracked by the
Nature Index The Nature Index is a database that tracks institutions and countries and their scientific output since its introduction in November, 2014. Each year, Nature Index ranks the leading institutions (which can be companies, universities, government agen ...
. The city is home to
several major universities, notably
Fuzhou University
Fuzhou University (FZU ) is a university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Split into two campuses by the Min River, Fuzhou University's Old Campus is located on the north bank of the river in the western part of Fuzhou City, while the New Campu ...
, one of
China's key universities and other public universities, including
Fujian Normal University
Fujian Normal University () is a public university in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. FNU has been hailed as the province's "Cradle of teachers."
History
Tracing its origin back to Fujian Superior Normal School, founded in 1907, Fujian Normal University ...
and
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU) is a leading higher education institution in Fujian Province, jointly supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Forestry Administration and the Fujian Provincial Government in China. Rat ...
.
Names
Fuzhou is also known as "" () in Chinese, meaning "a city of fortune". The ''
Yuanhe Maps and Records of Prefectures and Counties
The ''Yuanhe Maps and Records of Prefectures and Counties'' () compiled by Li Jifu during the Yuanhe reign of the Tang Dynasty is one of the earliest and most complete gazetteers of China.Li, Jifu, and He, Cijun: Page 1.
The gazetteer was compose ...
'', a Chinese geographical treatise published in the 9th century, says that Fuzhou's name came from Mount ''Futo'' a mountain northwest of the city. The mountain's name was then combined with ''-
zhou'', meaning "settlement" or "prefecture", in a manner similar to many other Chinese cities. During the
Warring States period
The Warring States period () was an era in ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation. It followed the Spring and Autumn period and concluded with the Qin wars of conquest ...
, the area of Fuzhou was sometimes referred to as ''Ye'' (), and Fuzhou was incorporated into China proper during
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
. The city's name was changed numerous times between the 3rd and 9th centuries before finally settling on Fuzhou in 948. In Chinese, the city is sometimes referred to by the poetic nickname ''Rongcheng'' (; Foochow Romanized: ), .
In older English publications, the name is variously romanized as Foochow, Foo-Chow, Fuchow, Fūtsu, Fuh-Chow, Hock Chew, and Hokchew.
History
Pre-Qin history (before 221 BC)
The remains of two
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several p ...
cultures—the Huqiutou Culture (), from around 5000 BC, and the Tanshishan Culture (), from around 3000 BC—have been discovered and excavated in the Fuzhou area. During the
Warring States period
The Warring States period () was an era in ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation. It followed the Spring and Autumn period and concluded with the Qin wars of conquest ...
(c. 475–221 BC), Chinese began referring to the modern Fujian area as Min Yue (), suggesting that the native inhabitants of the area were a branch of the
Yue peoples
The Baiyue (, ), Hundred Yue, or simply Yue (; ), were various ethnic groups who inhabited the regions of East China, South China and Northern Vietnam during the 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium AD. They were known for their short hair, b ...
, a diverse population of non-Chinese tribes who once inhabited most of southern China.
In 306 BC, the
Yue Kingdom (present-day
Zhejiang
Zhejiang ( or , ; , Chinese postal romanization, also romanized as Chekiang) is an East China, eastern, coastal Provinces of China, province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable citie ...
) fell to the
state of Chu.
Han Dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
historian
Sima Qian wrote that the surviving members of the Yue royal family fled south to what is now Fujian, where they settled alongside the native Yue people, joining Chinese and Yue culture to create Minyue. Their major centre was not at Fuzhou's modern location, but further up the Min watershed near
Wuyishan City
Wuyishan City () is a county-level city in the municipal region of Nanping, in the northwest of Fujian, People's Republic of China, which borders Jiangxi to the northwest. It corresponds to the former Chong'an County.
Natural and cultural herita ...
.
Qin and Han dynasties (221 BC – AD 206)
The
First Emperor of Qin
Qin Shi Huang (, ; 259–210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of a unified China. Rather than maintain the title of "king" ( ''wáng'') borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor ( ...
unified ancient China in 221 BC and desired to bring the southern and southeast regions under Chinese rule. The Qin dynasty organized its territory into "Commanderies" ()—roughly equivalent to a province or prefecture—and the Fujian area was organized as Minzhong Commandery (). The area seems to have continued mostly independent of Chinese control for the next century. The
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
followed the short-lived Qin, and
Emperor Gaozu of Han declared both Minyue and neighboring
Nanyue
Nanyue (), was an ancient kingdom ruled by Chinese monarchs of the Zhao family that covered the modern Chinese subdivisions of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, southern Fujian and central to northern Vietnam. Nanyue was establis ...
to be autonomous vassal kingdoms. In 202 BC, Emperor Gaozu enfeoffed a leader named Wuzhu (;
Old Chinese
Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese. The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 ...
: ') as King of Minyue, and a walled city called Ye (; Old Chinese: '; literally: Beautiful) was built. The founding of Ye in 202 BC has become the traditional founding date of the city of Fuzhou.
In 110 BC, the armies of
Emperor Wu of Han defeated the Minyue kingdom's armies during the
Han–Minyue War and annexed its territory and people into China. Many Minyue citizens were forcibly relocated into the
Jianghuai
Jianghuai (; pinyin: Jiānghuái) is a geographical area in China referring to the plain between the Yangtze and Huai Rivers, in the modern provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu
Jiangsu (; ; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiang ...
area, and the Yue ethnic group was mostly assimilated into the Chinese, causing a sharp decline in Ye's inhabitants.
The area was eventually re-organized as a county in 85 BC.
Three Kingdoms to Sui dynasty (200–618)
During the
Three Kingdoms Period
The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and was followed by the We ...
, southeast China was nominally under the control of
Eastern Wu, and the Fuzhou area had a shipyard for the coastal and
Yangtze River
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest list of rivers of Asia, river in Asia, the list of rivers by length, third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in th ...
fleets. In 282, during the
Jin dynasty, two artificial lakes known simply as the East Lake and West Lake were constructed in Ye, as well as a canal system. The core of modern Fuzhou grew around these three water systems, though the East and West Lakes no longer exist. In 308, during the
War of the Eight Princes
The War of the Eight Princes, Rebellion of the Eight Kings, or Rebellion of the Eight Princes () was a series of civil wars among kings/princes (Chinese: ''wáng'' 王) of the Chinese Jin dynasty from 291 to 306 AD. The key point of contention in ...
at the end of the Jin dynasty, the first large-scale migration of Chinese immigrants moved to the south and southeast of China began, followed by subsequent waves during later periods of warfare or natural disaster in the
Chinese heartland. The administrative and economic center of the Fujian area began to change to the Ye area during the
Sui dynasty (581–618).
Tang to the ten kingdoms era (618–960)
In 725, the city was formally renamed "Fuzhou". Throughout the mid-
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdom ...
, Fuzhou's economic and cultural institutions grew and developed. The later years of the Tang saw a number of political upheavals in the Chinese heartland such as the
An Lushan Rebellion
The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general offi ...
and
Huang Chao Rebellion, prompting another wave of northerners to immigrate to the modern-day
Northern Min and
Eastern Min
Eastern Min or Min Dong (, Foochow Romanized: Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄), is a branch of the Min group of Sinitic languages of China. The prestige form and most-cited representative form is the Fuzhou dialect, the speech of the capital of Fujian.
G ...
areas. In 879, a large part of the city was captured by the army of
Huang Chao during their rebellion against the Tang government. In 893, the warlord brothers
Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi captured Fuzhou in a rebellion against the Tang dynasty, successfully gaining control of the entire Fujian Province and eventually proclaiming their founding of an independent kingdom they called the
Min Kingdom
Min () was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern-day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou. It was fou ...
in 909. The Wang brothers enticed more immigrants from the north, though their kingdom only survived until 945. In 978, Fuzhou was incorporated into the newly founded
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
, though their control of the mountainous regions was tenuous.
Fuzhou prospered during the Tang dynasty.
Buddhism
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religions, Indian religion or Indian philosophy#Buddhist philosophy, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha. ...
was quickly adopted by citizens who quickly built many Buddhist temples in the area.
Song era (960–1279)
Fuzhou underwent a major dramatic surge in its refined culture and educational institutions throughout the
Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
as Fuzhou produced 10 Fuzhounese
zhuangyuan
''Zhuangyuan'', or ''trạng nguyên'' in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, (i ...
scholars (scholar who is ranked the top first place in the imperial examinations), a large number for a small city in the country during that dynasty.
The "Hualin" Temple (, not to be confused with the temple of the same name in
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...
), founded in 964, is one of the oldest and surviving wooden structures in China. New city walls were built in 282, 901, 905, and 974, so the city had many layers of walls – more so than the Chinese capital.
Emperor Taizong of the
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
ordered the destruction of all the walls in Fuzhou in 978 but new walls were rebuilt later. The latest was built in 1371. During the
Southern Song dynasty, Fuzhou became more prosperous; many scholars came to live and work. Among them were
Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (; ; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. Zhu was influential in the development of Neo-Confucianism. He con ...
, the most celebrated Chinese philosopher after
Confucius
Confucius ( ; zh, s=, p=Kǒng Fūzǐ, "Master Kǒng"; or commonly zh, s=, p=Kǒngzǐ, labels=no; – ) was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. C ...
, and
Xin Qiji
Xin Qiji (28 May 1140 – 3 Oct 1207) was a Chinese calligrapher, military general, and poet during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279).
Life
During Xin's lifetime, northern China was occupied during the Jin–Song Wars by the Jurchens of ...
, the greatest composer of the
ci form of poetry.
Marco Polo, an Italian guest of the Emperor
Kubilai,
transcribed, after the conventions of
Italian orthography
Italian orthography (writing) uses a variant of the Latin alphabet consisting of 21 letters to write the Italian language. This article focuses on the writing of Standard Italian, based historically on the Florentine dialect.
Italian orthography ...
, the place name as ''Fugiu''. This was not the local
Min
Min or MIN may refer to:
Places
* Fujian, also called Mǐn, a province of China
** Min Kingdom (909–945), a state in Fujian
* Min County, a county of Dingxi, Gansu province, China
* Min River (Fujian)
* Min River (Sichuan)
* Mineola (Am ...
pronunciation but that of the
mandarin
Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to:
Language
* Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country
** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China
** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...
administrative class.
According to
Odoric of Pordenone
Odoric of Pordenone, OFM (1286–1331), also known as Odorico Mattiussi/Mattiuzzi, Odoricus of Friuli or Orderic of Pordenone, was an Italian late-medieval Franciscan friar and missionary explorer. He traveled through India, the Greater Sunda Is ...
, Fuzhou had the biggest chickens in the world.
Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
Between 1405 and 1433, a fleet of the
Ming Imperial navy under Admiral
Zheng He
Zheng He (; 1371–1433 or 1435) was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. He was originally born as Ma He in a Muslim family and later adopted the surname Zheng conferr ...
sailed from Fuzhou to the
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...
seven times; on three occasions the fleet landed on the east coast of Africa. Before the last sailing, Zheng erected a
stele dedicated to the goddess
Tian-Fei (Matsu) near the
seaport
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as H ...
.
The Ming government gave a monopoly over
Philippine
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
trade to Fuzhou, which at times was shared with
Quanzhou.
Galeote Pereira Galeote Pereira (sometimes also Galiote Pereira) was a 16th-century Portuguese soldier of fortune. He spent several years in China's Fujian and Guangxi province after being captured by the Chinese authorities in an anti-smuggling operation. The rep ...
, a Portuguese soldier and trader, was taken prisoner during the
pirate extermination campaign of 1549 and imprisoned in Fuzhou. Later transferred to a form of
internal exile elsewhere in the province, Pereira escaped to
Langbaijiao in 1553. The record of his experiences in the Ming Empire, logged by the
Jesuits at
Goa
Goa () is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the ...
in 1561, was the first non-clerical account of China to reach the West since
Marco Polo.
The
Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom, Middle Chinese: , , Classical Chinese: (), Historical English names: ''Lew Chew'', ''Lewchew'', ''Luchu'', and ''Loochoo'', Historical French name: ''Liou-tchou'', Historical Dutch name: ''Lioe-kioe'' was a kingdom in the ...
established
an embassy in Fuzhou.
Qing dynasty (1644–1912)
![FOOCHOW ARSENAL](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/FOOCHOW_ARSENAL.jpg)
In 1839,
Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (30 August 1785 – 22 November 1850), courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese political philosopher and politician. He was the head of states (Viceroy), Governor General, scholar-official, and under the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynas ...
, who himself was a Fuzhou native, was appointed by the
Daoguang Emperor
The Daoguang Emperor (; 16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanxong of Qing, born Mianning, was the seventh Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning ...
to enforce the imperial ban on the opium trade in
Canton. His unsuccessful actions, however, precipitated the disastrous
First Opium War with Great Britain, and Lin, who had become a scapegoat for China's failure in war, was exiled to the northwestern section of the empire. The
Treaty of Nanjing
The Treaty of Nanjing was the peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later termed the Unequal Treaties.
In the ...
(1842), which put an end to the conflict, made Fuzhou (then known to Westerners as Foochow) one of five Chinese
treaty ports
Treaty ports (; ja, 条約港) were the port cities in China and Japan that were opened to foreign trade mainly by the unequal treaties forced upon them by Western powers, as well as cities in Korea opened up similarly by the Japanese Empire. ...
, and it became completely open to Western merchants and missionaries.
![Foochow morrison](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Foochow_morrison.jpg)
Fuzhou was one of the most important
Protestant
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
mission fields in China. On January 2, 1846, the first Protestant missionary, Rev.
Stephen Johnson (missionary) from
ABCFM
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) was among the first American Christian missionary organizations. It was created in 1810 by recent graduates of Williams College. In the 19th century it was the largest and most imp ...
, entered the city and soon set up the first missionary station there. ABCFM was followed by the
Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society
The Methodist Episcopal Church (MEC) was the oldest and largest Methodist denomination in the United States from its founding in 1784 until 1939. It was also the first religious denomination in the US to organize itself on a national basis. In ...
that was led by Revs.
M. C. White and
J. D. Collins, who reached Fuzhou in early September 1847. The
Church Missionary Society
The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British mission society working with the Christians around the world. Founded in 1799, CMS has attracted over nine thousand men and women to serve as mission ...
also arrived in the city in May 1850. These three Protestant agencies remained in Fuzhou until the
communist revolution in China in the 1950s, leaving a rich heritage in Fuzhou's Protestant culture. They supported the creation of hospitals and schools, including the
Woolston Memorial Hospital
The Woolston Memorial Hospital was a Christian hospital in China and the first of its kind in Fuzhou.
History
The Woolston Memorial Hospital was formed from the expansion of a small Fuzhounese clinic run by a Methodist missionary within the ...
, run by the American-trained
Hü King Eng
Hü King Eng (, Foochow Romanized: Hṳ̄ Gĭnghŏng) was a physician, and the second ethnic Chinese woman to attend university in the United States, after King You Mé. (Contrast:-Dr King You Me ameiwas adopted and brought up by an American ...
.
On August 23, 1884, the
Battle of Fuzhou broke out between the French Far East Fleet and the
Fujian Fleet
The Fujian Fleet ( or ) founded in 1678 as the Fujian Marine Fleet was one of China's four regional fleets during the closing decades of the nineteenth century. The fleet was almost annihilated on 23 August 1884 by Admiral Amédée Courbet's ...
of the Qing dynasty. As the result, the Fujian Fleet, one of the four Chinese regional fleets, was destroyed completely in Mawei Harbor.
Republic of China
On November 8, 1911, revolutionaries staged an uprising in Fuzhou. After an overnight street battle, the
Qing army surrendered.
Revolutionary Republic
On November 22, 1933,
Eugene Chen
Eugene Chen or Chen Youren (; July 2, 1878, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago – 20 May 1944, Shanghai), known in his youth as Eugene Bernard Achan, was a Chinese Trinidadian lawyer who in the 1920s became Chinese foreign minister. He was know ...
and the leaders of the
National Revolutionary Army's 19th Army set up the short-lived
People's Revolutionary Government of Republican China. Blockaded by
Chiang Kai-shek and left without support from the nearby
Soviet Republic of China
The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was an East Asian proto-state in China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese communist leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of the CS ...
, the PRGRC collapsed within two months.
Japanese occupation
![1924_Imperial_Japanese_Railway_Map_of_Foochow_or_Fuzhou%2C_Fujian_Province%2C_China](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/1924_Imperial_Japanese_Railway_Map_of_Foochow_or_Fuzhou%2C_Fujian_Province%2C_China.png)
With the outbreak of the
Sino-Japanese War in 1937, hostilities commenced in Fujian Province. Xiamen (Amoy) fell to a Japanese landing force on May 13, 1938. The fall of Amoy instantly threatened the security of Fuzhou. On May 23, Japanese ships bombarded Mei-Hua, Huang-chi and Pei-Chiao while Japanese planes continued to harass Chinese forces. Between May 31 and June 1, Chinese gunboats ''Fu-Ning'', ''Chen-Ning'' and ''Suming'' defending the blockade line in the estuary of the Min River were successively bombed and sunk. Meanwhile, the Chinese ship ''Chu-Tai'' berthed at Nan-Tai was damaged. The Chinese Navy's Harbor Command School, barracks, shipyard, hospital and marine barracks at Ma-Wei were successively bombed. Fuzhou is recorded as having fallen to Japanese forces in 1938.
The extent of Japanese command and control of the city of Fuzhou itself as opposed to the port at Mawei and the Min River Estuary is uncertain. By 1941 (5/7), the city is recorded as having returned to Nationalist control. The British Consulate in Fuzhou is noted as operational from 1941 to 1944 after the United Kingdom Declaration of War on Japan in December 1941. Western visitors to Fuzhou in the period 1941–1944 include the Australian journalist
Wilfred Burchett
Wilfred Graham Burchett (16 September 1911 – 27 September 1983) was an Australian journalist known for being the first western journalist to report from Hiroshima after the dropping of the atomic bomb, and for his reporting from "the other ...
in 1942 and the British scientist
Joseph Needham in May 1944.
Both visitors record the presence of a British Consul and a Fuzhou Club comprising western businessmen.
In ''The Man Who Loved China: The Fantastic Story of the Eccentric Scientist Who Unlocked the Mysteries of the Middle Kingdom'', author
Simon Winchester
Simon Winchester (born 28 September 1944) is a British-American author and journalist. In his career at ''The Guardian'' newspaper, Winchester covered numerous significant events, including Bloody Sunday and the Watergate Scandal. Winchester has ...
relates the visit of Dr Needham in 1944. Needham encountered the American government agent (John Caldwell) and the British SIS agent (
Murray MacLehose
Crawford Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch, (; 16 October 1917 – 27 May 2000), was a British politician, diplomat and the 25th Governor of Hong Kong, from 1971 to 1982. He was the longest-serving governor of the colony, with four ...
working undercover as the British Vice-Consul in Fuzhou) involved in aid to the Nationalist resistance to Japanese forces in Fujian Province.
As part of
Operation Ichi-Go
Operation Ichi-Go ( ja, 一号作戦, Ichi-gō Sakusen, lit=Operation Number One) was a campaign of a series of major battles between the Imperial Japanese Army forces and the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, fought from A ...
(1944), the last large-scale Japanese offensive in China in World War II, Japanese troops intended to isolate Fuzhou and the Fujian Province corridor to Nationalist forces in western China and the wartime capital of Chongqing. One account of Japanese troops re-taking of Fuzhou city itself is narrated by American naval officer, Houghton Freeman. The date is given as October 5, 1944.
Fuzhou remained under Japanese control until the surrender of Japan and its armed forces in China in September 1945.
Following the restoration of Republic control (1946), the administration divisions of Fuzhou were annexed, and administration level was promoted from county-level to city-level officially.
People's Republic of China
![Foochow Mosque](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Foochow_Mosque.jpg)
Fuzhou was occupied by the
People's Liberation Army with little resistance on 17 August 1949.
In the 1950s, the city was on the front line of the conflict with the
KMT
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...
in Taiwan, as hostile KMT aircraft frequently bombed the city. The bombing on 20 January 1955 was the most serious one, killing hundreds of people.
Fuzhou was also involved in violent mass chaos during the
Cultural revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goa ...
. Different groups of
Red Guards
Red Guards () were a mass student-led paramilitary social movement mobilized and guided by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 through 1967, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted.Teiwes According to a Red Guard lead ...
fought with each other using guns on the streets of the city, and even attacking the People's Liberation Army.
Under the
reform and opening
The Chinese economic reform or reform and opening-up (), known in the West as the opening of China, is the program of economic reforms termed " Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "socialist market economy" in the People's Republic of C ...
policy since the late 1970s, Fuzhou has developed rapidly. In 1982, Fuzhou became the first city in China where the
stored program control was introduced, which marked a milestone in the history of
telecommunications
Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that fe ...
in China. In 1984, Fuzhou was chosen as one of the first branches of
Open Coastal Cities by the Central Government.
On December 13, 1993, a raging fire swept through a
textile
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
factory in Fuzhou and claimed the lives of 60 workers.
[Major Events Across The Taiwan Straits](_blank)
On October 2, 2005, floodwaters from
Typhoon Longwang
Typhoon Longwang, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Maring, was the deadliest tropical cyclone to impact China during the 2005 Pacific typhoon season. Longwang was first identified as a tropical depression on September 25 north of the Ma ...
swept away a
military school
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned. ...
, killing at least 80
paramilitary officers.
Geography
Fuzhou is located in the northeast coast of Fujian province, connects jointly northwards with Ningde and Nanping, southwards with Quanzhou and Putian, westwards with Sanming respectively.
Climate
Fuzhou has a
humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cfa'') influenced by the East Asian Monsoon; the summers are long, very hot and humid, and the winters are short, mild and dry. In most years, torrential rain occurs during the monsoon in the second half of May. Fuzhou is also liable to typhoons in late summer and early autumn. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, while the annual mean is . With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 24 percent in March to 54 percent in July, the city receives 1,607 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from on 25 January 2016 to on 26 July 2003.
Snow is very rare, having covered the ground last times in February 1957, December 1975 and December 1991.
Administrative divisions
The administrative divisions of Fuzhou have been changed frequently throughout history. From 1983, the Fuzhou current administrative divisions were formed officially, namely, 5 districts and 8 counties. In 1990 and 1994, Fuqing (
Foochow Romanized: ') and Changle (Foochow Romanized: ') counties were promoted to
county-level cities
A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a county-level administrative division of the People's Republic of China. County-level ...
; Changle became a district in 2017. Despite these changes, the administrative image of "5 districts and 8 counties" is still held popularly among local residents. Fuzhou's entire area only covers 9.65 percent of Fujian Province.
The city of Fuzhou has direct jurisdiction over 6
districts, 1
county-level city
A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a county-level administrative division of the People's Republic of China. County-level ...
, and 6
counties
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
:
Culture
![Banyan King, Fuzhou](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Banyan_King%2C_Fuzhou.JPG)
The ''City of Banyans'' is distinct from the mainstream inland cultures of central China, and in details vary from other areas of the Chinese coast.
Language and art
Besides
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin (; ) is a group of Chinese (Sinitic) dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language ...
, the majority local residents of Fuzhou (
Fuzhou people
Fuzhou people (; Foochow Romanized: ''Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng''), also known as, Foochowese, Hokchew, Hokchia, Hokchiu, Fuzhou Shiyi people (), Eastern Min or Mindong refer to Chinese who originate from the Fuzhou and Mindong regions and the Gutian a ...
) also speak
Fuzhou language
Fuzhou (; , Fuzhounese: Hokchew, ''Hók-ciŭ''), alternately romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute t ...
(), the prestige form of
Eastern Min
Eastern Min or Min Dong (, Foochow Romanized: Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄), is a branch of the Min group of Sinitic languages of China. The prestige form and most-cited representative form is the Fuzhou dialect, the speech of the capital of Fujian.
G ...
.
Min opera
Min opera (; Foochow Romanized: Mìng-kiŏk), also called Fuzhou drama (; Foochow Romanized: Hók-ciŭ-hié), is one of the major traditional opera forms in Fujian Province. It enjoys a good popularity in Fuzhou, Middle Fujian, East Fujian and Nort ...
, also known as Fuzhou drama, is one of the major
operas in
Fujian
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
Province. It enjoys popularity in the Fuzhou area and in neighboring parts of Fujian such as the northeast and northwest areas where the Fuzhou language is spoken, as well as in
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
and the
Malay Archipelago. It became a fixed opera in the early 20th century. There are more than 1,000 plays of Min opera, most of which originate from folk tales, historical novels, or ancient legends, including such traditional plays as "Making Seal", "The Purple Jade Hairpin" and "Switching Fairy Peach with Litchi".
Architecture
Religion
The two traditional mainstream religions practiced in Fuzhou are
Mahayana Buddhism and
Taoism
Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the '' Ta ...
. Traditionally, many people practice both religions simultaneously. The city is also home to many Buddhist monasteries, Taoist temples and Buddhist monks.
Apart from mainstream religions, a number of religious worship sites of various local religions are situated in the streets and lanes of Fuzhou.
The origins of local religion can be dated back centuries. These diverse religions incorporated elements such as gods and doctrines from other religions and cultures, such as totem worship and traditional legends. For example,
Monkey King
The Monkey King, also known as Sun Wukong ( zh, t=孫悟空, s=孙悟空, first=t) in Mandarin Chinese, is a legendary mythical figure best known as one of the main characters in the 16th-century Chinese novel '' Journey to the West'' ( zh, ...
, originated to monkey worship among local ancients, gradually came to embody the God of Wealth in Fuzhou after the novel ''
Journey to the West
''Journey to the West'' () is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en. It is regarded as one of the greatest Classic Chinese Novels, and has been described as arguably the most popul ...
'' was issued in
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peo ...
.
As the most popular religion in the Min River Valley, the worship of
Lady Linshui is viewed as one of the three most influential local religions in Fujian, the other two being the worship of
Mazu and
Baosheng Dadi
Baosheng Dadi is a Deity of Medicine worshiped in Chinese folk religion and Taoism. The deity is very popular in Fujian, Taiwan and the Chinese communities in Southeast Asia.
Historical Personage
Wu Tao or Wu Ben () was born in the villag ...
().
Local cuisine
Fuzhou cuisine is most notably one of the four traditional cooking styles of
Fujian cuisine, which in turn is one of the eight Chinese regional cuisines. Dishes are light but flavorful, with particular emphasis on
umami taste, known in Chinese cooking as ''xianwei'' (), as well as retaining the original flavor of the main ingredients instead of masking them. In Fuzhou cuisine, the taste is light compared to that of some other Chinese cooking styles, and often have a mixed sweet and sour taste. Soup, served as an indispensable dish in meals, is cooked in various ways with local seasonal fresh vegetables and seafood and often added with local cooking wine ().
Fuzhou is famous for its street food and snacks. Some notable street food dishes include Fuzhou fish balls (), meat-pastry dumplings (), oyster cake (海蛎饼), rice scroll soup (), guong bian (; a kind of mildly savory pastry), and pork floss (). Many of these street food dishes have a long history and their own local legend; an example would be the oyster cake, according Fuzhou local folklore, in the early Qing dynasty, there was a young man who inherited his father's dim sum business, despite all his hard works, he only managed to earn enough money to feed himself, not enough to raise and feed a family of his own. One night, he dreamt of a silver-haired elderly man, who told him that he has very good fortune, the young man then asked him what he can do to obtain good luck, the elderly man then floated away. That's when the young man notice the setting moon, and after the moon sank under the clouds, rose from the east a golden sun, he was inspired by the dream and invented oyster cake, which is white like the moon before being lowered into hot grease and coming out golden as the morning sun. According to the legend, after the young man made a fortune out of his invention and his oyster cake was imitated by many others, which was passed down till this day. another example of a Fuzhou street food with a long history is rice scroll soup, which became popular in Fuzhou in the early part of the Qing dynasty. As more Fuzhou residents settled overseas, Fuzhou dishes spread to Taiwan, Southeast Asia and the U.S.. For example, one is able to find guong bian and Fuzhou fish balls in Sitiawan in Ipoh, Malaysia while Fuzhou fish balls, meat-pastry dumplings and rice scroll soup can be found in New York's Chinatown.
Fuzhou residents also enjoy eating festival foods during traditional Chinese holidays. For example, red and white rice cakes () are served over Chinese New Year, stuffed
yuanxiao
Yuanxiao (, Yuánxiāo ) is a dumpling of glutinous rice flour, filled with sesame or peanut powder, and sugar, or sweet adzuki bean paste, eaten in a soup, during the Lantern Festival, the fifteenth day of the Chinese New Year. It is similar to ...
() during the Lantern Festival,
zongzi
''Zongzi'' (; ), ''rouzong'' () or simply ''zong'' (Cantonese Jyutping: ''zung2'') is a traditional Chinese rice dish made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo leaves (generally of the species ''Indocalamus t ...
() during the Dragon Boat Festival, and sweet soy bean powder-covered plain yuanxiao over the winter solstice.
Olive juice is also a much sought-after refreshment. Ganlanzhi (橄榄汁) is cloudy and light yellowish-green in color. Olive trees grown on the Canarium album tree in Fuzhou since the Tang Dynasty, it was even approved as a trademark with geographic indication by China in 2010. Not found elsewhere in China, ganlanzhi (橄榄汁) is also a reminder of the many regional differences in China when it comes to food.
Special crafts
Bodiless lacquerware (),
paper umbrellas and horn combs () are the "Three Treasures" of Fuzhou traditional arts. In addition, bodiless lacquerware, together with cork pictures () and Shoushan stone sculptures () are called "Three Superexcellences" of Fuzhou.
Media
''Fuzhou Evening News'' (), ''
Strait Metropolitan Post'' and ''Southeast Express'' () are the three most primary newspapers in the city. ''Fuzhou Daily'' () is the official newspaper of the Fuzhou Committee of
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil ...
. FZTV, the local municipal television station has four channels. As the capital, the provincial state-owned Fujian Media Group, Fujian Daily Newspaper Group and Straits Publishing & Distributing Group also headquarter here.
Transportation
Airports
The city is served by
Fuzhou Changle International Airport
Fuzhou Changle International Airport is an international airport serving Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian province, China. The airport was inaugurated on 23 June 1997, after being approved to start constructing in 1992. The current handling ca ...
, which replaces Fuzhou Yixu Airport, the old airfield. The former is its main international airport and an air-hub in southeast China, while the latter was turned into a
PLA
PLA may refer to:
Organizations Politics and military
* People's Liberation Army, the armed forces of China and of the ruling Chinese Communist Party
* People's Liberation Army (disambiguation)
** Irish National Liberation Army, formerly called ...
airbase after 1997.
Railways
![Fuzhou Train](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Fuzhou_Train.JPG)
Fuzhou is a railway hub in northern Fujian. The
Wenzhou–Fuzhou and
Fuzhou–Xiamen Railway
The Fuzhou–Xiamen railway or Fuxia railway (; Foochow Romanized: ''Hók-â Tʰiā-le̤'') is a dual-track, electrified, higher-speed rail line in eastern China. The line is named after its two terminal cities Fuzhou and Xiamen, both coastal ci ...
s form part of the
Southeast Coast High-Speed Rail Corridor
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...
and can accommodate high-speed trains at speeds of up to .
The
Hefei–Fuzhou High-Speed Railway links the city to Beijing through its nearby inner land province
Jiangxi
Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...
at speeds up to .
The
Nanping–Fuzhou Railway
Nanping–Fuzhou railway or Nanfu railway (), is a railroad in eastern China between Nanping and Fuzhou in Fujian Province. The line is long and was built between 1956 and 1959.
Other Names
Since 1956, the Nanping–Fuzhou railway has been refer ...
and
Xiangtang–Putian Railway provide rail access inland. The latter line can carry trains at speeds of . The regional Fuzhou-Mawei Cargo Railway runs from the Fuzhou Railway Station eastward to the port in
Mawei District
Mawei (; Foochow Romanized: Mā-muōi) is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, China. The district spans an area of 319.66 square kilometers, of which, 275.66 square kilometers is land. ...
. Fuzhou has two main railway stations, Fuzhou and Fuzhou South. Fuzhou station is often just referred to as Fuzhou station given its central location.
Metro
Fuzhou Metro is the first
rapid transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. A rapid transit system that primarily or traditionally runs below the surface may be ...
system in Fujian province, has two metro lines in operation, the first line opened linking the south of the city and the north above the Min River, and five lines under construction.
Line 1 links the two railway stations of the city. The
Fuzhou railway station is located north of the city center, near the North Second Ring Road.
Fuzhou South Railway Station
Fuzhounan (Fuzhou South) Railway Station () is a metro station and a railway station located in Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, along the Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway and Fuzhou–Xiamen railway operated by the CR Nanchang, China ...
, located in Cangshan district, is a key landmark of the New City development scheme, begun in 2007 and completed in 2010. Line 1 was opened on May 18, 2016.
Line 2 runs in the east–west direction of the city, linking the university city and Fuzhou High-Tech Zone in Minhou county, Jinshan Industrial Zone in Cangshan district, and Gushan mountain in Jin'an district. Line 2 was opened on 26 April 2019.
Seaport
Passenger liners regularly sail between
ROC's
Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands ( or , ; Foochow Romanized: Mā-cū liĕk-dō̤), officially Lienchiang County (, ; Foochow Romanized: Lièng-gŏng-gâing), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China ( ...
and the port in Mawei District.
A high-speed ferry sails across Taiwan Strait between the port in
Pingtan County
Pingtan County () is a county comprising 126 islands in the Taiwan Strait, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, China. Now it is also the subject of newly founded Pingtan Compr ...
, the mainland's closest point to Taiwan, to
Taipei
Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the ...
and
Taichung
Taichung (, Wade–Giles: ''Tʻai²-chung¹'', pinyin: ''Táizhōng''), officially Taichung City, is a special municipality located in central Taiwan. Taichung has approximately 2.8 million residents and is the second most populous city of Ta ...
, a trip that takes about 3 hours.
History of Fuzhou port
In 1867 the Fuzhou seaport was the site of one of China's first major experiments with Western technology, when the
Fuzhou Navy Yard was established. A shipyard and an arsenal were built under French guidance and a naval school was opened. A
naval academy
A naval academy provides education for prospective naval officers.
See also
* Military academy
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally pro ...
was also established at the shipyard, and it became a center for the study of European languages and technical sciences. The academy, which offered courses in English, French, engineering, and navigation, produced a generation of Western-trained officers, including the famous scholar-reformer
Yan Fu
Yan Fu (, IPA: ; courtesy name: Ji Dao, ; 8 January 1854 — 27 October 1921) was a Chinese military officer, newspaper editor, translator, and writer. He was most famous for introducing western ideas, including Darwin's "natural selection", ...
(1854–1921).
The yard was established as part of a program to strengthen China in the wake of the country's disastrous defeat in the
Second Opium War (1856–1860). Most talented students nonetheless continued to pursue a traditional
Confucian
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...
education, and by the mid-1870s the government began to lose interest in the shipyard, which had trouble securing funds and declined in importance. Fuzhou remained essentially a commercial center and a port until World War II; it had relatively little industry. The port was occupied by the Japanese during 1940–1945.
Since 1949, Fuzhou has grown considerably. Transportation has been improved by the dredging of the
Min River for navigation by medium-sized craft upstream to
Nanping
Nanping (), historically known as Yanping (), is a third-tier prefecture-level city in northwestern Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. It borders Ningde to the east, Sanming to the south, and the provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangxi to ...
. In 1956 the railway linking Fuzhou with the interior of the province and with the main
Chinese railway system began operation. The port has also been improved; Fuzhou itself is no longer accessible to seagoing ships, but
Luoxingta anchorage and the outer harbor at
Guantou on the coast of the
East China Sea have been modernized and improved. The chief exports are timber, fruits, paper, and foodstuffs.
Economy
![Fuzhou Taijiang](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Fuzhou_Taijiang.jpg)
Industry is supplied with power by a grid running from the
Gutian hydroelectric scheme in the mountains to the northwest. The city is a center for commercial banking, designer brands and
timber
Lumber is wood that has been processed into dimensional lumber, including beams and planks or boards, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, w ...
-working, engineering, papermaking, printing, and textile industries. A small iron and steel plant was built in 1958. In 1984 Fuzhou was designated one of China's "open" cities in the new
open-door policy
The Open Door Policy () is the History of United States foreign policy, United States diplomatic policy established in the late 19th and early 20th century that called for a system of equal trade and investment and to guarantee the territorial ...
inviting
foreign investments.
Handicrafts
A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple, non-automated re ...
remain important in the rural areas, and the city is famous for its
lacquer and wood products.
Its
GDP
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is ofte ...
was ¥75,614 (c. US$12,140) per capita in 2015,
ranked
A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than" or "ranked equal to" the second.
In mathematics, this is known as a weak order or total preorder of ...
no. 52 among 659 Chinese cities.
Fuzhou is undoubtedly the province's political, economic and cultural center as well as an industrial center and seaport on the Min River. In 2008, Fuzhou's GDP amounted to ¥228.4 billion, an increase of 13 percent.
Manufactured products include chemicals, silk and cotton textiles, iron and steel, and processed food. Among Fuzhou's exports are fine lacquerware and handcrafted fans and umbrellas. The city's trade is mainly with Chinese coastal ports. Its exports of timber, food products, and paper move through the harbor at Guantou located about downstream.
In 2008, exports reached US$13.6 billion, a growth of 10.4 percent while imports amounted to US$6.8 billion. Total retail sales for the same period came to ¥113.4 billion and per capita GDP grew to ¥33,615.
During the same period, Fuzhou approved 155 foreign-invested projects. Contracted foreign investment amounted to US$1.489 billion, while utilized foreign investment increased by 43 percent to US$1.002 billion.
Economic and technological zones
Fuzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone
The Fuzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone was established in January 1985 by the State Council, with a total planning area of and now has built. It is located close to Fuzhou Changle International Airport and Fuzhou Port. Industries encouraged in the zone include electronics assembly and manufacturing, telecommunications equipment, trading and distribution, automobile production/assembly, medical equipment and supplies, shipping/warehousing/logistics, and heavy industry.
Fuzhou Export Processing Zone
The Fuzhou Export Processing Zone was founded on June 3, 2005, with the approval of the State Council and enjoys all the preferential policies. It is located inside the Chang'an Investment Zone of the Fuzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone (FETDZ) with a planned land area of .
Fuzhou Free Trade Zone
The Fuzhou Free Trade Zone was established in 1992 by the State Council, with a planning area of . Industries encouraged in the free trade zone include electronics assembly and manufacturing, heavy industry, instruments and industrial equipment production, shipping/warehousing/logistics, telecommunications equipment, trading, and distribution.
Fuzhou High-Tech Industrial Development Zone
![Residential Buildings in Fuzhou](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Residential_Buildings_in_Fuzhou.jpg)
Fuzhou High-tech Development Zone was set up in 1988 and approved by the State Council in March 1991. In 1995, the Fuzhou municipal government decided to build Baiyi Electronic Information City, which covers in the zone, making it the lead electronic industrial zone in Fuzhou. The Administrative Commission of Mawei High-tech Park was set up in the zone in 1999. It covers an area of , and is in the area between Gushan Channel and Mawei Channel, Jiangbin Road and Fuma Road.
Fuzhou Science and Technology Park
The Fuzhou Science and Technology Park was established in 1988 and was approved to be a national-level zone by the State Council in 1991. The planned area is and is divided into 3 parts: the Mawei portion, the Cangshan portion, and the Hongshan portion. The main industries are electronics, information technology, and biotechnology. The zone is away from the China National Highway 316 and away from the Fuzhou Changle International Airport.
Fuzhou Taiwan Merchant Investment Area
The Fuzhou Taiwan Merchants Development Zone was approved to be established in May 1989 by the State Council. The zone is located in the Fuzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. The zone is a commercial base for Taiwan-related development. The current area is . The main industries are IT, metallurgy, food processing, and textiles. The zone is away from the 316 National Highway and away from Fuzhou Changle International Airport.
Cityscape
Tourist attractions
Historical / cultural
Sanfang Qixiang () "Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" is a cluster of ancient residential buildings dating from the late Jin dynasty now features a pedestrian zone with shops along the street. Situated at the centre of the city at
Gulou District, it is the most popular touristic destination in the city. Many buildings were revitalized recently to increase tourism.
*
Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (30 August 1785 – 22 November 1850), courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese political philosopher and politician. He was the head of states (Viceroy), Governor General, scholar-official, and under the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynas ...
Memorial Hall () (Aomen Rd)
* West Lake () (An artificial landscape-style lake built in 282)
*
Hualin Temple () (Built in 964, Song dynasty) Its main hall is known as the oldest surviving wooden building in south China and was confirmed as an important heritage site under state protection in 1982.
* Dizang Temple (The Temple of Sacrificing Guardian of the Earth, founded in 527)
* Xichan Temple () (Founded in 867)
* Wu Ta () "Black Pagoda" (Originally built in 799, rebuilt in 936)
* Bai Ta () "White Pagoda" (On the top of Mount Yu, originally built in 905, 67 m in height, collapsed in 1534, rebuilt in 1548, 41 m in height)
* Yongquan Temple () (Founded in 915, and located on the top of Mount Gu)
* Mount Gu (), the tallest mountain in the area. Attracts many residents, especially in the weekends for hiking trips.
* Mount Qi () (In Nanyu, Minhou County.)
* Luoxing Tower () (In
Mawei District
Mawei (; Foochow Romanized: Mā-muōi) is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, China. The district spans an area of 319.66 square kilometers, of which, 275.66 square kilometers is land. ...
and built in the Song dynasty. Was called "China Tower")
* Tanshishan cultural relics () (In Ganzhe, Minhou County)
*
Saint Dominic's Cathedral (福州圣多明我主教座堂)
*
St. John's Church, Fuzhou
St. John's Church (Chinese: 圣约翰教堂; Foochow Romanized: ''Séng Iók-hâng Gáu-dòng'') is an abandoned Anglican church located in Lequn Street No. 9, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China. It is also known in the Foochow vernacular as " ...
File:Fuzhou confucian temple.JPG, Fuzhou Confucian temple
File:Saint Dominic's Cathedral.jpg, Saint Dominic's Cathedral
File:St. John's Church, Fuzhou.jpg, St. John's Church, Fuzhou
Recreational
![Fuzhou Beach Park](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Fuzhou_Beach_Park.jpg)
*
Fujian Museum () (Near West Lake)
* Wulongjiang Shidi Park () (A wetland park. However, the park is in distress due to ineffective environmental protection and construction)
*Beach Park ()
*Chating Park ()
* Zuohai Park ()
* Minjiang Park () (On the two banks of the Min River)
* Pingshan Park ()
* Mount Jinniu Park () (Near the Fuzhou West Long-Distance Bus Station)
* Mount Jinji Park ()
* Fuzhou National Forest Park ()
* Sandiejing Forest Park ()
* Fuzhou Hot Spring Park ()
* Fuzhou Zoo () (This new zoo was built in 2008 after moving from its old location by West Lake)
Notable people
![Fuzhou Linzexu](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Fuzhou_Linzexu.jpg)
*
Sa Zhenbing (, 1859–1952), high-ranking naval officer of
Mongolian origin
*
Go Seigen
Wu Quan (), courtesy name Wu Qingyuan ()His courtesy name was created based on his real name (''Quan'' means "spring, fountain" and ''Qing Yuan'' means "clear and pure source of water"). (June 12, 1914 – November 30, 2014), better known by ...
(, 1914–2014), Weiqi/Go player, considered by many players to be the greatest player of the game in the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time
* Lin Changmin (, 1876–1925), a high-rank governor in the Beiyang Government
*
Lin Huiyin
Lin Huiyin (; known as Phyllis Lin or Lin Whei-yin when in the United States; 10 June 1904 – 1 April 1955) was a Chinese architect and writer. She is known to be the first female architect in modern China and her husband the famed "Father of M ...
(, 1904–1955), architect and writer
*
Lin Juemin
Lin Juemin (; 1887–1911) was a late Qing dynasty revolutionary.
Biography
In 1907, Lin traveled to Japan to study at Keio University, where he joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary group, the Tongmenghui. Lin attempted to begin a popular revo ...
(, 1887–1911), one of 72
Revolutionary Martyrs at Huanghuagang, Guangzhou
* Murong Shenxing (, 1934–2018), neuroscientist, researcher and doctor
*
Ingen (, 1592–1673), well known Buddhist monk, poet and calligrapher who lived during Ming Dynasty
*
Baizhang Huaihai (, 720–814), an influential master of
Zen
Zen ( zh, t=禪, p=Chán; ja, text= 禅, translit=zen; ko, text=선, translit=Seon; vi, text=Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty, known as the Chan School (''Chánzong'' 禪宗), and ...
Buddhism
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religions, Indian religion or Indian philosophy#Buddhist philosophy, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha. ...
during the Tang Dynasty
*
Huangbo Xiyun
Huángbò Xīyùn (, ja, Ōbaku Kiun) (died 850) was an influential master of Zen Buddhism during the Tang dynasty.
Huángbò was a disciple of Baizhang Huaihai (720–840), and the teacher of Linji Yixuan (died 866) (Wade–Giles: Lin-chi I- ...
(, died 850), an influential master of
Zen
Zen ( zh, t=禪, p=Chán; ja, text= 禅, translit=zen; ko, text=선, translit=Seon; vi, text=Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty, known as the Chan School (''Chánzong'' 禪宗), and ...
Buddhism
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religions, Indian religion or Indian philosophy#Buddhist philosophy, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha. ...
during the Tang Dynasty
*
Chen Youding (, 1330–1368), a prominent military leader during the Yuan Dynasty
*
Gao Bing Gao Bing (高棅, 1350 to 1423), was a Chinese poetry anthologist and writer. A native of Fuzhou, he flourished during the newly established Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) as an author and poetry theorist. Gao Bing collected and arranged Tang poetry-era ...
(, 1350–1423), an author and poetry theorist during the Ming Dynasty
*
Zhang Jing (, 1492–1555), a prominent military leader during the Ming Dynasty
*
Zheng Xiaoxu
Zheng Xiaoxu (Cheng Hsiao-hsu; ; Hepburn: ''Tei Kōsho'') (2 April 1860 – 28 March 1938) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat and calligrapher. He served as the first Prime Minister of Manchukuo.
Early life and diplomatic career
Although Zhe ...
(, 1860–1938), statesman, diplomat and calligrapher
*
Liang Hongzhi
Liang Hongzhi; (; Wade-Giles: ''Liang Hung-chih''; Hepburn: ''Ryō Koushi'', 1882 - November 6, 1946) was a leading official in the Anhui clique of the Beiyang Government, later noted for his role as in the collaborationist Reformed Governmen ...
(, 1882–1946), a high-rank governor in the Beiyang Government
*
Chen Baochen (, 1848–1935), scholar and loyalist to the Qing dynasty
*
Chih-Tang Sah (, born 1932), Chinese-American engineer of
Mongolian origin
*
Chen Shaokuan (, 1889–1969), Fleet
Admiral who served as the senior commander of naval forces of the
National Revolutionary Army
*
Bing Xin
Xie Wanying (; October 5, 1900 – February 28, 1999), better known by her pen name Bing Xin () or Xie Bingxin, was one of the most prolific Chinese women writers of the 20th century. Many of her works were written for young readers. She ...
(, 1900–1999), writer
*
Zheng Zhenduo
Zheng Zhenduo (Cheng Chen-to; December 19, 1898 – October 17, 1958), courtesy name Xidi, was a Chinese journalist, writer, archaeologist and scholar. His pen names were Baofen (寶芬), Guo Yuanxin (郭源新) and CT.
He made a significant con ...
(, 1898–1958), journalist and literary scholar
*
Zou Taofen
Zou Taofen (; November 5, 1895 – July 24, 1944) was a Chinese journalist, media entrepreneur, and political activist. Zou was known for developing ''Shenghuo Zhoukan'' (Life Magazine) into a pioneering journal of political reporting and social ...
(, 1895–1944), journalist, media entrepreneur, and political activist
*
Zhan Shi Chai (, 1840s–1893), entertainer as "Chang the Chinese Giant"
*
Huang Naishang (, 1849–1924), Christian scholar, and founding father of Malaysian town of
Sibu
Sibu (; Hokchew Romanized: ''Sĭ-bŭ'') is a landlocked city in the central region of Sarawak. It is the capital of Sibu District in Sibu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. The city is located on the island of Borneo and covers an area of . It i ...
, in the state of
Sarawak
Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
*
Lin Shu (, 1852–1924), scholar and translator, most famous for his translation of
Alexandre Dumas' ''
La Dame aux Camélias
LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States.
La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music
* La (musical note), or A, the sixth note
* "L.A.", a song by Elliott Smith on ''Figure ...
''
*
Yan Fu
Yan Fu (, IPA: ; courtesy name: Ji Dao, ; 8 January 1854 — 27 October 1921) was a Chinese military officer, newspaper editor, translator, and writer. He was most famous for introducing western ideas, including Darwin's "natural selection", ...
(, 1854–1921), scholar and translator, best known for introducing western ideas such as
Darwinian
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that ...
evolution
*
Huang Jun (, 1890–1937), writer
*
Lin Sen
Lin Sen (; 16 March 1868 – 1 August 1943), courtesy name Tze-chao (子超), sobriquet Chang-jen (長仁), was a Chinese politician who served as Chairman of the National Government of the Republic of China from 1931 until his death.
Early l ...
(, 1868–1943),
President of the Republic of China from 1931 to 1943
* Sa Shijun (, 1896–1938), high-ranking naval officer of
Mongolian origin
*
Liu Buchan
Liu Buchan (; 1852 – 1895) was a naval officer of the Beiyang Fleet, the most prominent of China's naval units in the late Qing Dynasty. He is best remembered for his actions as commander of the fleet flagship, the '' Dingyuan'', during the ...
(, 1852–1895), naval officer of the Beiyang Fleet, the most prominent of China's naval units in the late Qing Dynasty
*
Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (30 August 1785 – 22 November 1850), courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese political philosopher and politician. He was the head of states (Viceroy), Governor General, scholar-official, and under the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynas ...
(, 1785–1850), scholar and official, considered a national hero for his strong opposition to the trade of
opium before the
First Anglo-Chinese War
*
Hsien Wu (, 1893–1959), protein scientist
*
Shen Baozhen
Shen Baozhen (1820–1879), formerly romanized , was an official during the Qing dynasty.
Biography
Born in Minhou in Fujian province, he obtained the highest degree in the imperial examinations in 1847 and was soon appointed to the Hanlin ...
(, 1820–1879),
Viceroy of Liangjiang
The Viceroy of Liangjiang or Viceroy of the Two Jiangs, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Two Yangtze Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs, Provisions and Funds, Manager of Waterways, Director of ...
from 1875 to 1879
*
Hou Debang (, 1890–1974),
chemical engineer
*
Lu Yin (廬隱, 1898–1934), writer
*
Hu Yepin
Hu Yepin (; 4 May 1903 – 7 February 1931) was a Chinese writer, poet, and playwright. A prominent member of the League of Left-Wing Writers, he was one of the Five Martyrs of the Left League executed in February 1931 by the Kuomintang governmen ...
(胡也頻, 1903–1931), writer
*
Zhu Qianzhi (, 1899–1972), intellectual, translator and historian
*
Zhang Yuzhe
Zhang Yuzhe (; 16 February 1902 – 21 July 1986), also known as Yu-Che Chang, was a Chinese astronomer and director of the Purple Mountain Observatory who is widely regarded as the father of modern Chinese astronomy. accessed 3 October 2006 H ...
(, 1902–1986), astronomer and director of the Purple Mountain Observatory
*
Shu Chun Teng (, 1902–1970), mycologist
*
Fan Tchunpi
Fan Tchunpi or Fang Junbi (; 1898–1986), was a Chinese artist known for her brush-and-ink paintings in the traditional '' guóhuà'' style. Trained in Western painting techniques while living in France, her work is known for its combination of E ...
, painter and ceramicist
*
Watchman Nee
Watchman Nee, Ni Tuosheng, or Nee T'o-sheng (; November 4, 1903 – May 30, 1972), was a Chinese church leader and Christian teacher who worked in China during the 20th century. His evangelism was influenced by the Plymouth Brethren.
In 1922, ...
(, 1903–1972), Christian author and church leader
*
Deng Tuo
Deng Tuo (; c. 1911 – 17 May 1966),Timothy Cheek, ''Propaganda and Culture in Mao's China: Deng Tuo and the Intelligentsia'' (Clarendon Press, 1997) p27, p283 also known by the pen name Ma Nancun (), was a Chinese poet, intellectual and journali ...
(, 1911–1966), poet, intellectual and journalist
*
Liang Shoupan
Liang Shoupan (; 13 April 1916 – 5 September 2009) was a Chinese aerospace engineer. The chief designer of China's first generation of anti-ship missiles including the HY-1 and HY-2, he is regarded as the "father of China's cruise missile prog ...
(, 1916–2009),
aerospace engineer
Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft. It has two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Avionics engineering is si ...
and regarded as the "father of China's cruise missile program"
*
Xiao Guangyan (, 1920–1968),
chemical engineer
*
Wu Mengchao
Dr. Wu Mengchao (; 31 August 1922 22 May 2021), was a Chinese surgeon and a medical scientist who specialized in hepatobiliary surgery. He was also known as the "Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery".
Wu was born in Minqing County, Fuzho ...
(, 1922–2021), medical scientist
*
Chen Jingrun (, 1933–1996), mathematician who made significant contributions to
number theory
Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mat ...
*
Chen Zhangliang
Chen Zhangliang (; born February 3, 1961, Fuqing, Fujian) graduated from the South China College of Tropical Crops (now Hainan University) in 1983, and then was sent to study in the United States by the Chinese Government. He finished his Ph.D. in ...
(, born 1962), biologist, elected as vice-governor of
Guangxi in 2007
*
Lin Jiaqiao
Chia-Chiao Lin (; 7 July 1916 – 13 January 2013) was a Chinese-born American applied mathematician and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Lin made major contributions to the theory of hydrodynamic stabili ...
(林家翹, 1916–2013), well-known mathematician
*
Shen-su Sun (, 1943–2005), geochemist
*
Chen Kaige
Chen Kaige (; born 12 August 1952) is a Chinese film director and a leading figure of the fifth generation of Chinese cinema.Berry, Michael (2002). "Chen Kaige: Historical Revolution and Cinematic Rebellion" in Speaking in Images: Interviews wi ...
(, born 1952), film director
*
Miao Hua
Miao Hua (; born November 1955) is an admiral of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). He has served as director of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission since October 2017. Previously he served as politic ...
(, born 1955),
PLA Navy
The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN; ), also known as the People's Navy, Chinese Navy, or PLA Navy, is the maritime service branch of the People's Liberation Army.
The PLAN traces its lineage to naval units fighting during the Chines ...
admiral and Director of the
Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission
The Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission () is the chief political organ under the Central Military Commission. It was created in January 2016 following the 2015 People's Republic of China military reform. Its predece ...
*
Chen Pao-yu
General Chen Pao-yu (; born 1958) is a Republic of China Army General who currently serves as the Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Prior to his appointment, Chief of the Army Staff Taiwan from April 2019 to July 2 ...
(, born 1958), Chief of Staff of the Taiwanese Army
*
Vanessa Shih
Vanessa Shih (; born 27 July 1962) is a Taiwanese diplomat who was appointed the representative of Republic of China to Austria in January 2016. She previously led the Taipei Representative Office in Singapore from 2009 to 2012, when she was nam ...
(, born 1962), Taiwanese diplomat
*
Chen Haomin (, 1969–present), Hong Kong actor and singer
*
Kelly Lin
Kelly Lin or Lin Hsi-Lei () is a Taiwanese actress and model who has appeared mainly in Hong Kong films.
Biography
Lin was born in Taiwan in 1973. She moved to Santa Barbara, California with her family at the age of 12. She graduated from the U ...
(, born 1973), Taiwanese actress and model
*
Lin Chi-ling
Lin Chi-ling (born 29 November 1974) is a Taiwanese model, actress, singer and television host.
Early life
Lin Chi-ling was born on 29 November 1974 in Taipei, Taiwan. Lin's father, Lin Fan-nan (), and her mother, Wu Tzu-mei (), are both from ...
(, born 1974), Taiwanese actress and model
*
Jimmy Lin
Jimmy Lin Chih-ying (, born 15 October 1974) is a Taiwanese singer, actor, and race car driver.
Early life
Lin was born in Taipei on 15 October 1974. He was the second child in a family of five children. Lin graduated from Zhong Xiao Primary S ...
(, born 1974), Taiwanese singer, actor, and race car driver
*
Chiang Tsu-ping
Chiang Tsu-ping (; born 30 January 1978) is a Taiwanese actress and television host, best known for her television dramas. Between 2005 and 2010 Chiang emerged as a viewers' favorite in Taiwan and other Hokkien-speaking regions for her diverse ro ...
(, born 1978), Taiwanese actress and television host
*
Yao Jinnan (, born 1995), artistic gymnast who represented China at the
London 2012 Olympic Games
The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012) was an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. The first event, the ...
*
Eugene A. Coffin (1888–1972), rear admiral in the United States Coast Guard
Zhou Zihe(周子和, 1874–1926), possible shifu of Uechi Kanbun, founder of
Uechi Ryū Uechi (written: 上地) is a Japanese surname
Officially, among Japanese names there are 291,129 different Japanese surnames, as determined by their kanji, although many of these are pronounced and romanized similarly. Conversely, some surnames wri ...
*
Sister Ping
Cheng Chui Ping (; January 9, 1949 – April 24, 2014), also known as Sister Ping (), was a Chinese woman who ran a human smuggling operation bringing people from China into the United States from 1984 to 2000. Operating from Chinatown, Manha ...
(, real name: ''Cheng Chui Ping'', 郑翠萍/鄭翠萍, 1949–2014), Chinese convicted
human smuggler and
snakehead
*
Ludi Lin
Ludi Lin () (born November 11, 1987) is a Canadian actor and model. He is known for playing Zack Taylor in the 2017 ''Power Rangers'' reboot, the underwater warrior Murk in ''Aquaman'' (2018), and Lance in a 2019 episode of the Netflix series ''B ...
(, born 1987),
Chinese-Canadian actor and model
*
Jony J
Xiao Jia (), known professionally as Jony J, is a Chinese rapper and songwriter. Born and raised in Fuzhou, China, he debuted his rapping career through releasing a mixtape in 2013. In 2016, he founded his record label Shooc Studio and release ...
(, born 1989), rapper and songwriter
*
Xu Bin
Xu Bin (; born 19 February 1989) is a Chinese actor based in Singapore. He is managed under NoonTalk Media and was named as one of the 8 Dukes of Caldecott Hill.
Life and career
Xu was born in Fuzhou, China, and moved to Singapore to pursue ...
(, born 1989), actor and singer
Education
Colleges and universities
![Hwa nan college](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Hwa_nan_college.JPG)
*
Fujian Normal University
Fujian Normal University () is a public university in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. FNU has been hailed as the province's "Cradle of teachers."
History
Tracing its origin back to Fujian Superior Normal School, founded in 1907, Fujian Normal University ...
(; founded in 1907)
*
Fuzhou University
Fuzhou University (FZU ) is a university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Split into two campuses by the Min River, Fuzhou University's Old Campus is located on the north bank of the river in the western part of Fuzhou City, while the New Campu ...
(; founded in 1958)
*
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU) is a leading higher education institution in Fujian Province, jointly supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Forestry Administration and the Fujian Provincial Government in China. Rat ...
(; founded in 1958)
Three Universities above take the leading position in the province, and they are supported by Fujian Government to build High-level University.
*
Fujian Medical University
Fujian Medical University () is a university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Fujian Medical University was founded in 1937, named Fujian Provincial Medical Vocational School at that time. The name of the school was changed to Fujian Provincial ...
*
Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FJUTCM; ) is a university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
History and development
Founded in 1958, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FJUTCM) is a traditional Chinese medicine ...
*
Minjiang University
Minjiang University () is a public university located in Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. The university is a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary university accredited by the Chinese Education Ministry the right to confer undergraduate degrees ...
*
Fujian University of Technology
Fujian University of Technology () is a public university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
The Chinese Ministry of Education established the university in 2002 by merging Fujian College of Architecture and Civil Engineering and Fujian Institute o ...
* Fujian Police College
* Fujian Commercial College
* Fijian Jiangxia University
Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.
High schools
* Fuzhou No.8 Middle School ()
*
Fuzhou Foreign Language School ()
*
Fuzhou Gezhi High School ()
*
Fuzhou No.1 Middle School ()
* Fuzhou No.3 Middle School ()
* Fuzhou Senior High School ()
* Fuzhou No.4 Middle School ()
* Fuzhou No.2 Middle School ()
* The Affiliated High School Of Fujian Normal University ()
* Fuzhou Pingdong Middle School ()
See also
*
Nantai Island
*
List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population
China is the world's most populous country. According to Demographia, in 2017 there were 102 Chinese cities with over 1 million people in the "urban area", as defined by the group's methodology.
Definition and classification
According to the ad ...
*
List of twin towns and sister cities in China
This is a list of places in China which have standing links to local communities in other countries known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world).
A
Anqing
* Calabasas, United States
* C ...
*
Fuzhounese people
*
Fuzhou language
Fuzhou (; , Fuzhounese: Hokchew, ''Hók-ciŭ''), alternately romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute t ...
*
Fujian
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
References
Sources
* A Brief History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), Hu Pu-yu, (Chung Wu Publishing Co. Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, 1974) pg 142.
* China at War 1901–1949, Edward L. Dreyer, (Longman, London and New York, 1995) pg 235.
* Australia's China, Changing Perceptions from the 1930s to the 1990s, Lachlan Strachan, (Cambridge University Press 1996) pg 107.
* Bomb, Book & Compass, Joseph Needham and the Great Secrets of China, Simon Winchester, (Penguin *Group Australia, Camberwell, Victoria) pp 143–151.
* op.cit.
*
wesleyan.edu
External links
Fuzhou Government website on ''
China Daily
''China Daily'' () is an English-language daily newspaper owned by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.
Overview
''China Daily'' has the widest print circulation of any English-language newspaper in China. T ...
'' website
Fuzhou Places to visit.
Fuzhou News NetFuzhou Municipal Television Station
*
Fuzhou Daily, Fuzhou Evening News and its Overseas Edition, the local newspapersHistoric US Army map of Fuzhou, 1945
{{Authority control
Cities in Fujian
Prefecture-level divisions of Fujian
Provincial capitals in China