''Fundamenta Botanica'' (“Foundations of botany”) (Amsterdam, Salomon Schouten, ed. 1, 1736) was one of the major works of the Swedish

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

and

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

(1707–1778) and issued both as a separate work and part of the '' Bibliotheca Botanica''. This book states, for the first time, Linnaeus's ideas for the reformation of botanical

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

. The first edition is dated 1736 but it was released on 14 September 1735 (Linnaeus wrote in his personal copy “Typus absolutus 1735, Sept. 3”). The full title was ''Fundamenta Botanica, quae Majorum Operum Prodromi instar Theoriam Scientiae Botanices by breves Aphorismos tradunt''. The first edition was dedicated to Olof Rudbeck,

Lorenz Heister Lorenz Heister (Latin: ''Laurentius Heister'') (19 September 1683 – 18 April 1758) was a German anatomist, surgeon and botanist born in Frankfurt am Main. Biography From 1702 to 1706 Heister studied at the Universities of Giessen and Wetzl ...

Adriaan van Royen Adriaan van Royen (11 November 1704 in Leiden – 28 February 1779 in Leiden) was a Dutch botanist. He was a professor at Leiden University and is associated with Carl Linnaeus. He is best known for his work on flora of Southeast Asia. Adr ...

, Johann Jacob Dillen,

Antoine de Jussieu Antoine de Jussieu (6 July 168622 April 1758) was a French naturalist, botanist, and physician. Jussieu was born in Lyon, the son of Christophe de Jussieu (or Dejussieu), an apothecary of some repute, who published a ''Nouveau traité de la ...

, Giulio Pontedera,

Johann Amman Johann Amman, Johannes Amman or Иоганн Амман (22 December 1707 in Schaffhausen – 14 December 1741 in St Petersburg) was a Swiss-Russian botanist, a member of the Royal Society and professor of botany at the Russian Academy of Scienc ...

Johannes Burman Johannes Burman (26 April 1707 in Amsterdam – 20 February 1780), was a Dutch botanist and physician. Burman specialized in plants from Ceylon, Amboina and Cape Colony. The name '' Pelargonium'' was introduced by Johannes Burman. Johannes ...

Pierre Magnol Pierre Magnol (8 June 1638 – 21 May 1715) was a French botanist. He was born in the city of Montpellier, where he lived and worked for most of his life. He became Professor of Botany and Director of the Royal Botanic Garden of Montpellier and he ...

and Giuseppe Monti. A second edition was published in Stockholm in 1740 and a third in Amsterdam in 1741. The publication of this work as well as

Genera Plantarum ''Genera Plantarum'' is a publication of Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). The first edition was issued in Leiden, 1737. The fifth edition served as a complementary volume to ''Species Plantarum'' (1753). Article 13 of the Internati ...

and

Systema Naturae ' (originally in Latin written ' with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the system, now known as binomial nomen ...

was encouraged by

Herman Boerhaave Herman Boerhaave (, 31 December 1668 – 23 September 1738Underwood, E. Ashworth. "Boerhaave After Three Hundred Years." ''The British Medical Journal'' 4, no. 5634 (1968): 820–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20395297.) was a Dutch botanist, ...

who had been Linnaeus's teacher. The ''Fundamenta'' in combination with the '' Critica Botanica'' lays Linnaeus's foundations for his system of

nomenclature Nomenclature (, ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal naming conventions, conventions of everyday speech to the i ...

classification Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes. It may also refer to: Business, organizat ...

and botanical terminology that were later reviewed and expanded in the ''

Philosophia Botanica ''Philosophia Botanica'' ("Botanical Philosophy", ed. 1, Stockholm & Amsterdam, 1751.) was published by the Swedish naturalist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) who greatly influenced the development of botanical taxonomy and systematics ...

'' (1751). He does this by means of 365 Aphorisms (principles) arranged into 12 chapters:

''VIRIS NOBILISSIMIS'' (Dedication to men to honor)
''BOTANICIS CELEBERRIMIS'' (Dedication to famous botanists)
''PRAEFATIO'' (Preface)
''FUNDAMENTA BOTANICA'' (Botanical fundamentals or fundamental botanical aphorisms)
::I. ''BIBLIOTHECA'' (library), Aphorismen : articles 1-52 (page 1-5) ::II. ''SYSTEMATA'' (systematics) : articles 53–77 (pages 5-7) ::III. ''PLANTAE'' (plants) : articles 78–85 (pages 7-9) ::IV. ''FRUCTIFICATIO'' (fruit carrier) : articles 86–131 (pages 10-15) ::V. ''SEXUS'' (sex) : articles 132–150 (pages 15-17) ::VI. ''CHARACTERES'' (characterisation) : articles 151–209 (pages 18-22) ::VII. ''NOMINA'' (nouns or names) : articles 210–255 (pages 23-26) ::VIII. ''DIFFERENTIAE'' (distinction) : articles 256–305 (pages 26-29) ::IX. ''VARIATIONES'' (Varieties) : articles 306–317 (pages 30-31) ::X. ''SYNONYMA'' (synonyms) : articles 318–324 (pages 31-31) ::XI. ''ADUMBRATIONES'' (description) : articles 325–335 (pages 31-32) ::XII. ''VIRES'' (forces) : articles 336–365 (pages 33-35) ''CONCLUSIONES EX DICTIS'' (Conclusion from the foregoing) I-XII (page 36)

Bibliographic details

Full bibliographic details including exact dates of publication, pagination, editions, facsimiles, brief outline of contents, location of copies, secondary sources, translations, reprints, manuscripts, travelogues, and commentaries are given in Stafleu and Cowan's ''Taxonomic Literature''.Stafleu & Cowan, p. 75.

References

Bibliography

* Stafleu, Frans A. & Cowan, Richard S. 1981. "Taxonomic Literature. A Selective Guide to Botanical Publications with dates, Commentaries and Types. Vol III: Lh–O." ''Regnum Vegetabile'' 105. {{Authority control 1736 books Botanical nomenclature Florae (publication) Botany books Carl Linnaeus 1736 in science Biology and natural history in the Dutch Republic 18th-century Latin books

Table of contents

Bibliographic details

References

Bibliography