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The fruit doves, also known as fruit pigeons, are a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
(''Ptilinopus'') of
bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...
s in the pigeon and dove
family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
(
Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...
). These colourful,
frugivorous A frugivore is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance an ...
doves are found in forests and woodlands in
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...
and
Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
. It is a large genus with over 50 species, some
threatened Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of ''critical depensat ...
or already
extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
.


Taxonomy

The genus ''Ptilinopus'' was introduced in 1825 by the English naturalist
William John Swainson William John Swainson FLS, FRS (8 October 1789 – 6 December 1855), was an English ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist, entomologist and artist. Life Swainson was born in Dover Place, St Mary Newington, London, the eldest son of ...
with the
rose-crowned fruit dove The rose-crowned fruit dove (''Ptilinopus regina''), also known as pink-capped fruit dove or Swainson's fruit dove, is a medium-sized, up to 22 cm long, green fruit dove with a grey head and breast, an orange belly, whitish throat, yellow-or ...
(''Ptilinopus regina'') as the
type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
. The genus name combines the
Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...
meaning "feather" with meaning "foot". The many species of this genus can be further grouped by geography and by certain shared characteristics. The fruit doves of the Sunda Islands and northern Australia, such as the pink-headed fruit dove and
banded fruit dove The banded fruit dove or black-backed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus cinctus'') is a large (38–44 cm in length, 450-570 g in weight) pigeon with white head, neck and upper breast; black back and upperwing grading to grey on rump; black tail wit ...
, have comparatively longer tails than other species, and are notable for their solid colouration on the head, neck and breast, with a black band across the belly. Another grouping can be made of certain fruit doves
endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to New Guinea, the
Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located eas ...
, and the
Bismarck Archipelago The Bismarck Archipelago (, ) is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square km. History The first inhabitants o ...
, including the
carunculated fruit dove The carunculated fruit dove (''Ptilinopus granulifrons'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Obira. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and ...
, knob-billed fruit dove, and others; these are notable for their grey colouration on the head or shoulder and/or enlarged cere (part of the bill). This group is uncharacteristically not
sexually dimorphic Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the sexes of the same animal and/or plant species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most ani ...
, meaning males and females look alike. The orange dove,
golden dove The golden fruit dove (''Ptilinopus luteovirens''), also known as the lemon dove or yellow dove, is a small, approximately 20 cm (8 in) long, short-tailed fruit-dove in the family Columbidae. The common name refers to the males' bright ...
, and
whistling dove The whistling fruit dove (''Ptilinopus layardi''), also known as the velvet dove or yellow-headed dove, is a small fruit dove from Fiji. The species is endemic to the islands of Kadavu and Ono in the Kadavu Group in the south of Fiji. Taxono ...
, all endemic to
Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...
and sometimes placed in their own genus ''Chrysoena'', have in common their small size, compact shape, yellow or orange colouration in the males, and hair-like body feathers. They also are known for their rather un-pigeon-like vocalizations, which sound like snapping, barking, or whistling, respectively. Finally, the Pacific Islands provide homes to a number of species that share generally green colouration with crimson caps or crowns, ventriloquial cooing or hooting, and a distinct texture of the breast feathers. Recent evidence suggests ''Ptilinopus'' as presently defined is
paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
as ''
Alectroenas The blue pigeons are a genus, ''Alectroenas'', of birds in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. They are native to islands in the western Indian Ocean. Taxonomy and evolution The genus ''Alectroenas'' was first described in 1840 by the English ...
'' and ''
Drepanoptila The cloven-feathered dove (''Drepanoptila holosericea'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Drepanoptila'', but this genus is possibly better merged into ''Ptilinopus''.Gibb, G.C., & D. Penny (2010). ...
'' are embedded within it.


Species

The genus contains 57 species: *
Banded fruit dove The banded fruit dove or black-backed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus cinctus'') is a large (38–44 cm in length, 450-570 g in weight) pigeon with white head, neck and upper breast; black back and upperwing grading to grey on rump; black tail wit ...
, '' Ptilinopus cinctus'' *
Black-banded fruit dove The black-banded fruit dove (''Ptilinopus alligator'') is a large (38–44 cm in length, 450-570 g in weight) pigeon with white head, neck and upper breast; black back and upperwing grading to grey on rump; black tail with broad grey termina ...
, '' Ptilinopus alligator'' – split from banded fruit dove *
Red-naped fruit dove The red-naped fruit dove (''Ptilinopus dohertyi'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Sumba. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destr ...
, '' Ptilinopus dohertyi'' *
Pink-headed fruit dove The pink-headed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus porphyreus'') also known as pink-necked fruit dove or Temminck's fruit pigeon, is a small colourful dove. The pink-headed fruit dove is a resident breeding endemic bird in Indonesia where it occurs in the ...
, '' Ptilinopus porphyreus'' *
Flame-breasted fruit dove The flame-breasted fruit dove (''Ptilinopus marchei'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines only being found in the mountains of Luzon.This is a large dove reaching 42 cm long, being the largest fru ...
, '' Ptilinopus marchei'' * Cream-breasted fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus merrilli'' *
Yellow-breasted fruit dove The yellow-breasted fruit dove (''Ptilinopus occipitalis'') locally known as ''balorinay'' is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. While it is listed ...
, '' Ptilinopus occipitalis'' * Red-eared fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus fischeri'' *
Jambu fruit dove The jambu fruit dove (''Ptilinopus jambu'') is a smallish colourful fruit dove. It is a resident breeding species in southern Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and the Indonesian islands of Kalimantan, Sumatra and Java. Taxonomy The jambu fruit dove w ...
, '' Ptilinopus jambu'' *
Banggai fruit dove The Banggai fruit dove (''Ptilinopus subgularis''), also called maroon-chinned fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Banggai Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests ...
, '' Ptilinopus subgularis'' * Oberholser's fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus gularis'' – split from Banggai fruit dove * Sula fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus mangoliensis'' – split from Banggai fruit dove * Black-chinned fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus leclancheri'' *
Scarlet-breasted fruit dove The scarlet-breasted fruit dove (''Ptilinopus bernsteinii'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs in the northern Moluccas. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests ...
, '' Ptilinopus bernsteinii'' *
Wompoo fruit dove The wompoo fruit dove (''Ptilinopus magnificus''), also known as wompoo pigeon, is one of the larger fruit doves native to New Guinea and eastern Australia. Taxonomy and systematics Subspecies There are generally 7-8 recognised subspecies ...
, '' Ptilinopus magnificus'' * Pink-spotted fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus perlatus'' * Ornate fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus ornatus'' * Tanna fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus tannensis'' * Orange-fronted fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus aurantiifrons'' * Wallace's fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus wallacii'' * Superb fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus superbus'' *
Many-colored fruit dove The many-colored fruit dove (''Ptilinopus perousii''), also known as ''manuma'' in the Samoan language, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It occurs on islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean where it is found in Fiji, the Samoan Isla ...
, '' Ptilinopus perousii'' *
Crimson-crowned fruit dove The crimson-crowned fruit dove (''Ptilinopus porphyraceus'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Its natural habitats are subt ...
, '' Ptilinopus porphyraceus'' *
Purple-capped fruit dove The purple-capped fruit dove or Pohnpei fruit dove (''Ptilinopus ponapensis''), is a species of bird in the family Columbidae found on Chuuk and Pohnpei in the Caroline Islands. It was formerly considered as a subspecies of the crimson-crowned ...
, '' Ptilinopus ponapensis'' – split from crimson-crowned fruit dove *
Kosrae fruit dove The Kosrae fruit dove (''Ptilinopus hernsheimi''), is a species of bird in the family Columbidae found on Kosrae in the Micronesian Islands. It was formerly considered as a subspecies of the crimson-crowned fruit dove. Its natural habitats are s ...
, '' Ptilinopus hernsheimi'' – split from crimson-crowned fruit dove *
Palau fruit dove The Palau fruit dove (''Ptilinopus pelewensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Palau and it is also Palau's national bird. Description The Palau fruit dove is long and weighs around . The species has a grey hea ...
, '' Ptilinopus pelewensis'' * Lilac-crowned fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus rarotongensis'' *
Mariana fruit dove The Mariana fruit dove (''Ptilinopus roseicapilla''), also known as in the Carolinian language, ''totot'' on Guam or ''Paluman totut'' in Northern Marianas Islands, is a small, up to 24 cm long, green fruit dove native and endemic to Guam an ...
, '' Ptilinopus roseicapilla'' *
Rose-crowned fruit dove The rose-crowned fruit dove (''Ptilinopus regina''), also known as pink-capped fruit dove or Swainson's fruit dove, is a medium-sized, up to 22 cm long, green fruit dove with a grey head and breast, an orange belly, whitish throat, yellow-or ...
, '' Ptilinopus regina'' * Silver-capped fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus richardsii'' * Geelvink fruit dove, ''Ptilinopus speciosus'' – split from yellow-bibbed fruit dove * Grey-green fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus purpuratus'' * Raiatea fruit-dove, ''Ptilinopus chrysogaster'' – split from grey-green fruit dove'''' *
Makatea fruit dove The Makatea fruit dove (''Ptilinopus chalcurus'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to French Polynesia island of Makatea in the Tuamotus, Tuamotu Archipelago. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowla ...
, '' Ptilinopus chalcurus'' *
Atoll fruit dove The atoll fruit dove (''Ptilinopus coralensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Tuamotu archipelago in French Polynesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and plantations. ...
, '' Ptilinopus coralensis'' *
Red-bellied fruit dove The red-bellied fruit dove (''Ptilinopus greyi'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in lowland forest in New Caledonia, Santa Cruz Islands ( Solomons), and Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanu ...
, '' Ptilinopus greyi'' *
Rapa fruit dove The Rapa fruit dove (''Ptilinopus huttoni'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae, which includes pigeons and doves. It is endemic to the island of Rapa Iti in French Polynesia. The species was classified as Critically Endangered by the ...
, '' Ptilinopus huttoni'' *
White-capped fruit dove The white-capped fruit dove (''Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It was described by French naturalist and surgeon Adolphe-Simon Neboux in 1840. It is endemic to the Marquesas Islands in French Polynes ...
, '' Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii'' * †
Red-moustached fruit dove The red-moustached fruit dove or moustached fruit dove (''Ptilinopus mercierii'') is an extinct species of bird in the family Columbidae. It was endemic to French Polynesia. The last record was of the subspecies ''P. m. tristrami'' on Hiva Oa, in ...
, '' Ptilinopus mercierii'' -
extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
(mid-20th century) *
Henderson fruit dove The Henderson fruit dove (''Ptilinopus insularis''), also known as scarlet-capped fruit dove, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Henderson Island in the South Pacific Pitcairn Island group. Its natural habitat is tr ...
, '' Ptilinopus insularis'' *
Coroneted fruit dove The coroneted fruit dove (''Ptilinopus coronulatus''), also known as the lilac-capped fruit dove, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest A fore ...
, '' Ptilinopus coronulatus'' * Beautiful fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus pulchellus'' * Blue-capped fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus monacha'' * White-bibbed fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus rivoli'' * Yellow-bibbed fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus solomonensis'' * Claret-breasted fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus viridis'' *
White-headed fruit dove The white-headed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus eugeniae'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. It was described by the English ornithologist John Gould in 1856, and the specific name ''eugeniae'' honours the French empress Eugén ...
, '' Ptilinopus eugeniae'' *
Lompobattang fruit-dove The Lompobattang fruit-dove (''Ptilinopus meridionalis'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family. It is native to Sulawesi, Indonesia. Description These birds are around long. They have black upperparts and a grey head and underparts. The ...
, ''Ptilinopus meridionalis'' * Orange-bellied fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus iozonus'' * Knob-billed fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus insolitus'' * Grey-headed fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus hyogaster'' *
Carunculated fruit dove The carunculated fruit dove (''Ptilinopus granulifrons'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Obira. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and ...
, '' Ptilinopus granulifrons'' *
Black-naped fruit dove The black-naped fruit dove (''Ptilinopus melanospilus''), also known as the black-headed fruit dove, is a medium-sized, up to long, green fruit dove with yellowish bill and iris. The male has a pale grey head with a black nape, yellow throat, a ...
, '' Ptilinopus melanospilus'' * Dwarf fruit dove, '' Ptilinopus nainus'' *
Negros fruit dove The Negros fruit dove (''Ptilinopus arcanus'') is a species of bird in the pigeon and dove family, Columbidae. It is endemic to the island of Negros in the Philippines. This fruit dove is known from a single female specimen collected from the sl ...
, '' Ptilinopus arcanus'' – possibly
extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
(late 20th century?) *
Orange fruit dove The orange fruit dove (''Ptilinopus victor'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. One of the most colorful doves, the male has a golden olive head and elongated bright orange "hair-like" body feathers. The golden-olive remiges a ...
, '' Ptilinopus victor'' *
Golden fruit dove The golden fruit dove (''Ptilinopus luteovirens''), also known as the lemon dove or yellow dove, is a small, approximately 20 cm (8 in) long, short-tailed fruit-dove in the family Columbidae. The common name refers to the males' brigh ...
, '' Ptilinopus luteovirens'' *
Whistling fruit dove The whistling fruit dove (''Ptilinopus layardi''), also known as the velvet dove or yellow-headed dove, is a small fruit dove from Fiji. The species is endemic to the islands of Kadavu and Ono in the Kadavu Group in the south of Fiji. Taxonomy T ...
, '' Ptilinopus layardi''


Description

These small- to medium-sized doves generally have short, fan-shaped tails, and are remarkable for their colourful and often glossy plumage, as evidenced in the aptly named
orange fruit dove The orange fruit dove (''Ptilinopus victor'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. One of the most colorful doves, the male has a golden olive head and elongated bright orange "hair-like" body feathers. The golden-olive remiges a ...
,
flame-breasted fruit dove The flame-breasted fruit dove (''Ptilinopus marchei'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines only being found in the mountains of Luzon.This is a large dove reaching 42 cm long, being the largest fru ...
, and
pink-headed fruit dove The pink-headed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus porphyreus'') also known as pink-necked fruit dove or Temminck's fruit pigeon, is a small colourful dove. The pink-headed fruit dove is a resident breeding endemic bird in Indonesia where it occurs in the ...
. Males and females of many fruit dove species look very different. For example, the female
many-colored fruit dove The many-colored fruit dove (''Ptilinopus perousii''), also known as ''manuma'' in the Samoan language, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It occurs on islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean where it is found in Fiji, the Samoan Isla ...
shares the male's crimson crown and deep pink undertail feathers, but is otherwise green, whereas the male has a crimson on the upper back and has areas of yellow, olive, cinnamon, and grey.


Distribution and habitat

This is a large genus, most diverse in and around the island of
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...
, in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, and in the biogeographical region of
Wallacea Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lo ...
. Some species have ranges as far west as the
Sunda Islands The Sunda Islands ( id, Kepulauan Sunda) are a group of islands in the Malay Archipelago.Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sunda Islands" . ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. They consist of the Greater Sunda ...
, others north to
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, south to
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, and east into
Polynesia Polynesia () "many" and νῆσος () "island"), to, Polinisia; mi, Porinihia; haw, Polenekia; fj, Polinisia; sm, Polenisia; rar, Porinetia; ty, Pōrīnetia; tvl, Polenisia; tkl, Polenihia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of ...
.


Behaviour and ecology

Fruit doves, as their name implies, eat fruit. ''
Ficus ''Ficus'' ( or ) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending in ...
'' is especially important. They live in various kinds of forest or woodland. Some species are restricted to
primary forest An old-growth forestalso termed primary forest, virgin forest, late seral forest, primeval forest, or first-growth forestis a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance, and thereby exhibits unique ecological featur ...
, such as lowland
rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfores ...
, montane forest, or monsoon forest, while others prefer
secondary forest A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest or clearing for agriculture, until a long enough period has passed so that the effects of the disturbance are no longer evident. ...
or disturbed areas. Some species specialize in particular habitats, from lowland coastal forest to the
cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud c ...
or moss forest of high altitudes. Some species of fruit doves are only found in habitats dominated by particular plants, such as
mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evoluti ...
,
eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of over seven hundred species of flowering trees, shrubs or mallees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including '' Corymbia'', they are commonly known as euca ...
, or
pandanus ''Pandanus'' is a genus of monocots with some 750 accepted species. They are palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. The greatest number of species are found in Madagascar and Malaysia. Common names ...
. Only a few species can commonly be seen around human habitation, these include the knob-billed fruit dove,
Makatea fruit dove The Makatea fruit dove (''Ptilinopus chalcurus'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to French Polynesia island of Makatea in the Tuamotus, Tuamotu Archipelago. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowla ...
, and
black-naped fruit dove The black-naped fruit dove (''Ptilinopus melanospilus''), also known as the black-headed fruit dove, is a medium-sized, up to long, green fruit dove with yellowish bill and iris. The male has a pale grey head with a black nape, yellow throat, a ...
, which are known to visit gardens and such. Much is still to be learned about fruit doves. Many species are shy and difficult to observe in their natural habitat. For example, there are several species in the Philippines, and for most of them, little or nothing is known of their breeding or nesting behavior.


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q743573 Bird genera Taxa named by William John Swainson