Friedrich W. Solmsen (February 4, 1904 – January 30, 1989) was a

philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...

and professor of

classical studies Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Classics ...

. He published nearly 150 books,

monograph A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monograph ...

scholarly The scholarly method or scholarship is the body of principles and practices used by scholars and academics to make their claims about the subject as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public. It is the met ...

articles Article often refers to: * Article (grammar), a grammatical element used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness * Article (publishing), a piece of nonfictional prose that is an independent part of a publication Article may also refer to: G ...

, and

review A review is an evaluation of a publication, product, service, or company or a critical take on current affairs in literature, politics or culture. In addition to a critical evaluation, the review's author may assign the work a content rating, ...

s from the 1930s through the 1980s. Solmsen's work is characterized by a prevailing interest in the

history of ideas Intellectual history (also the history of ideas) is the study of the history of human thought and of intellectuals, people who conceptualize, discuss, write about, and concern themselves with ideas. The investigative premise of intellectual histor ...

.G.M. Kirkwood, "Foreword to the Paperback Edition," in Friedrich Solmsen, ''Hesiod and Aeschylus'' (Cornell University Press, 1995), p. ix. He was an influential scholar in the areas of Greek tragedy, particularly for his work on

Aeschylus Aeschylus (, ; grc-gre, Αἰσχύλος ; c. 525/524 – c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian, and is often described as the father of tragedy. Academic knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier Greek ...

, and the philosophy of the

physical Physical may refer to: *Physical examination In a physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition. It generally co ...

world and its relation to the soul, especially the systems of

Plato Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...

and

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...

Life and career

Friedrich Solmsen, sometimes called "Fritz" by friends and intimates, was born and educated in Germany. He was among the "Graeca" of

Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931) was a German classical philologist. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature ...

, the Graeca being a group of "young scholars" who met in his home during his last decade of life to read a Greek author with a view toward emending the text. In an essay fifty years later, Solmsen recalled those years and the legendary philologist in a biographical sketch that combines politico-historical perspective, sociology of

academia An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membershi ...

, and personal, sometimes wry observations. "I do not recall Wilamowitz ever laughing aloud," he mused in a

footnote A note is a string of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document or at the end of a chapter, volume, or the whole text. The note can provide an author's comments on the main text or citations of a reference work in support of the ...

d aside. "Nor did he ever grin." Solmsen was also a student of Eduard Norden,

Otto Regenbogen Otto Regenbogen (14 February 1891 – 8 November 1966) was a German linguist and scholar. Classical philologists Linguists from Germany 1891 births 1966 deaths People from Środa Śląska People from the Province of Silesia Members of t ...

, and

Werner Jaeger Werner Wilhelm Jaeger (30 July 1888 – 19 October 1961) was a German-American classicist. Life Werner Wilhelm Jaeger was born in Lobberich, Rhenish Prussia in the German Empire. He attended school in Lobberich and at the Gymnasium Thomaeum in ...

, to the three of whom along with Wilamowitz he dedicated the first volume of his collected papers. He was one of the last people to whom the terminally ill Wilamowitz addressed correspondence. Solmsen's dissertation on

Aristotelian logic In philosophy, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, t ...

and

rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...

was published in 1928. He left Germany to escape

Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...

in the mid-1930s, and after a time in England came to the United States, where he taught at

Olivet College Olivet College is a private Christian liberal arts college located in Olivet, Michigan. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It was founded in 1844 by missionaries from Oberlin College, and it followed Oberlin in becom ...

(1937–1940) in

Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...

. He then moved to

Cornell University Cornell University is a private statutory land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York. It is a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, Cornell was founded with the intention to teach an ...

, where he served a term as chair of the classics

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

. He taught at Cornell for twenty-two years. Among his courses was "Foundations of Western Thought," which explored the history of philosophical, scientific and religious ideas from early Greece through the

Hellenistic In Classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in ...

and

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

periods. In 1962, he was named Moses Slaughter Professor of Classical Studies at the

University of Wisconsin–Madison A university () is an educational institution, institution of higher education, higher (or Tertiary education, tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. Universities ty ...

."Friedrich Solmsen, Professor, 84," ''New York Times'' (February 10, 1989), obituary. In 1972 he won the Goodwin Award of Merit, presented by the

American Philological Association The Society for Classical Studies (SCS), formerly known as the American Philological Association (APA) is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of Greek and Roman civilization founded in 1869. It is the preemine ...

for an outstanding contribution to classical scholarship, for his

Oxford Classical Text Oxford Classical Texts (OCT), or Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis, is a series of books published by Oxford University Press. It contains texts of ancient Greek and Latin literature, such as Homer's ''Odyssey'' and Virgil's ''Aeneid'', ...

edition of Hesiod's works, the ''

Theogony The ''Theogony'' (, , , i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed . It is written in the Epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 10 ...

,'' ''

Works and Days ''Works and Days'' ( grc, Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι, Érga kaì Hēmérai)The ''Works and Days'' is sometimes called by the Latin translation of the title, ''Opera et Dies''. Common abbreviations are ''WD'' and ''Op''. for ''Opera''. is a ...

,'' and ''

Shield of Heracles The ''Shield of Heracles'' ( grc, Ἀσπὶς Ἡρακλέους, ''Aspis Hērakleous'') is an archaic Greek epic poem that was attributed to Hesiod during antiquity. The subject of the poem is the expedition of Heracles and Iolaus against Cyc ...

''. Solmsen retired in 1974. In retirement, he lived in

Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapel Hill is a town in Orange, Durham and Chatham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 census, making Chapel Hill the 17th-largest municipality in the state. Chapel Hill, Durham, and the state ca ...

, and continued to publish. He gave occasional lectures at the

University of North Carolina The University of North Carolina is the multi-campus public university system for the state of North Carolina. Overseeing the state's 16 public universities and the NC School of Science and Mathematics, it is commonly referred to as the UNC Sy ...

, conducted a

National Endowment for the Humanities The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent federal agency of the U.S. government, established by thNational Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965(), dedicated to supporting research, education, preserv ...

seminar, and led readings in

Pindar Pindar (; grc-gre, Πίνδαρος , ; la, Pindarus; ) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes. Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar is ...

and

Plotinus Plotinus (; grc-gre, Πλωτῖνος, ''Plōtînos''; – 270 CE) was a philosopher in the Hellenistic philosophy, Hellenistic tradition, born and raised in Roman Egypt. Plotinus is regarded by modern scholarship as the founder of Neop ...

.''Tabulae,'' newsletter of the Department of Classics, University of North Carolina (Fall 1989), p. iii. The bulk of his library was donated to the university upon his death at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife, Lieselotte. Colleagues mourned him as "one of the last giants of the German tradition of classical

humanism Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential and agency of human beings. It considers human beings the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The meaning of the term "humani ...

." The Institute for Research in the

Humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...

at the University of Wisconsin offers four one-year

fellow A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher education ...

ships in his name for

postdoctoral A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD). The ultimate goal of a postdoctoral research position is to p ...

work on literary and historical studies of the Classical,

Medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...

, and

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...

periods to 1700. The fellowship fund was established by a

bequest A bequest is property given by will. Historically, the term ''bequest'' was used for personal property given by will and ''deviser'' for real property. Today, the two words are used interchangeably. The word ''bequeath'' is a verb form for the act ...

from Friedrich and Lieselotte Solmsen.

Works

In his essay on Wilamowitz, Solmsen reflected on classical studies as a

discipline Discipline refers to rule following behavior, to regulate, order, control and authority. It may also refer to punishment. Discipline is used to create habits, routines, and automatic mechanisms such as blind obedience. It may be inflicted on ot ...

and an intellectual pursuit within a broadly historical context. "The post- World-War-I generation for whom the value of the Classics had become a problem," he writes, "did not find

rom Wilamowitz Rom, or ROM may refer to: Biomechanics and medicine * Risk of mortality, a medical classification to estimate the likelihood of death for a patient * Rupture of membranes, a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac * R ...

an answer to their question what made ancient civilization particularly significant and worth intensive study," adding that Wilamowitz "did not realize the need of justifying their study to a generation for whom the continuity of a tradition that reached back to the age of

Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as treat ...

was weakened (though not completely broken) and whose outlook was still in the process of formation; many in fact were consciously striving for a new orientation." The following

bibliography Bibliography (from and ), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from ). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes ''bibliography ...

, arranged by

topic Topic, topics, TOPIC, topical, or topicality may refer to: Topic / Topics * Topić, a Slavic surname * ''Topics'' (Aristotle), a work by Aristotle * Topic (chocolate bar), a brand of confectionery bar * Topic (DJ), German musician * Topic (g ...

and then chronologically within the topic, attempts to represent the range of Solmsen's contributions to scholarship but is by no means exhaustive. Omitted are most articles in German, reviews, and notes (i.e., articles of less than three pages). The articles are for the most part collected in his ''

Kleine Schriften ' is a German phrase ("short writings" or "minor works"; la, Opuscula) often used as a title for a collection of articles and essays written by a single scholar over the course of a career. "Collected Papers" is an English equivalent. These short ...

'', 3 vols. (Hildesheim 1968–1982).

Hesiod and Homer

* ''

Hesiod Hesiod (; grc-gre, Ἡσίοδος ''Hēsíodos'') was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded by western authors as 'the first written poet i ...

and Aeschylus''. Cornell University Press, 1949; republished with a new foreword by G.M. Kirkwood, 1995
Online preview.
* "The Gift of Speech in Homer and Hesiod." ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 85 (1954) 1–15. * "Zur Theologie im grossen Aphrodite-Hymnus." ''Hermes'' 88 (1960) 1–13. * "Hesiodic Motifs in Plato." In ''Hésiode et son influence: six exposées et discussions'', edited by Kurt von Fritz (Geneva: Fondation Hardt, 1962) 171–211. * "The Days of the ''Works and Days''." ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 94 (1963) 293–320. * "''

Ilias Ilias may refer to: * the ''Iliad'', an ancient Greek epos * Ilias (name), a personal name (including a list of people with the name) * ILIAS, a web-based learning management system * 6604 Ilias, an asteroid See also * Profitis Ilias (disambig ...

'' XVIII, 535–540." ''Hermes'' 93 (1965) 1–6. * ''Hesiodi Theogonia, Opera et Dies, Scutum'' (with selected fragments edited by R. Merkelbach and M.L. West). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970. Second edition with a new appendix of fragments, 1983. Third edition, 1990.

edition of the Greek text of

's ''

'', ''

'', and ''Shield'' (usually in translation as the ''

''). * "Hesiodic

φρόνησις ''Phronesis'' ( grc, φρόνησῐς, phrónēsis), translated into English by terms such as prudence, practical virtue and practical wisdom, or, colloquially, sense (as in "good sense", "horse sense") is an ancient Greek word for a type of w ...

." ''Classical Philology'' 71 (1976) 252–253. * "The Sacrifice of

Agamemnon In Greek mythology, Agamemnon (; grc-gre, Ἀγαμέμνων ''Agamémnōn'') was a king of Mycenae who commanded the Greeks during the Trojan War. He was the son, or grandson, of King Atreus and Queen Aerope, the brother of Menelaus, the husb ...

's Daughter in Hesiod's ''Ehoeae''." ''American Journal of Philology'' 102 (1981) 353–358. * "The Earliest Stages in the History of Hesiod's Text." ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' 86 (1982) 1–31. * "The Two Near Eastern Sources of Hesiod." ''Hermes'' 117 (1989) 413–422.

Greek tragedy

* ''

Euripides Euripides (; grc, Εὐριπίδης, Eurīpídēs, ; ) was a tragedian Tragedy (from the grc-gre, τραγῳδία, ''tragōidia'', ''tragōidia'') is a genre of drama based on human suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful e ...

' ''

Ion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conve ...

'' im Vergleich mit anderen Tragödien''. Berlin 1934. * "Ὄνομα and πρᾶγμα in Euripides' ''

Helen Helen may refer to: People * Helen of Troy, in Greek mythology, the most beautiful woman in the world * Helen (actress) (born 1938), Indian actress * Helen (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places * Helen, ...

''." ''Classical Review'' 48 (1934) 119–121. * "The

Erinys The Erinyes ( ; sing. Erinys ; grc, Ἐρινύες, pl. of ), also known as the Furies, and the Eumenides, were female chthonic deities of vengeance in ancient Greek religion and mythology. A formulaic oath in the ''Iliad'' invokes ...

Aischylos Aeschylus (, ; grc-gre, wikt:Αἰσχύλος, Αἰσχύλος ; c. 525/524 – c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greece, ancient Greek Greek tragedy, tragedian, and is often described as the father of tragedy. Academic knowledge of the genre be ...

' ''Septem''." ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' 68 (1937) 197–211. * "Strata of Greek Religion in Aeschylus." ''Harvard Theological Review'' 40 (1947) 211–226. * ''Hesiod and Aeschylus''. See under "Hesiod and Homer" (preceding). * ''

Electra Electra (; grc, Ήλέκτρα) is one of the most popular mythological characters in tragedies.Evans (1970), p. 79 She is the main character in two Greek tragedies, '' Electra'' by Sophocles and '' Electra'' by Euripides. She is also the centra ...

and

Orestes In Greek mythology, Orestes or Orestis (; grc-gre, Ὀρέστης ) was the son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon, and the brother of Electra. He is the subject of several Ancient Greek plays and of various myths connected with his madness and ...

: Three Recognitions in Greek Tragedy.'' Berlin 1967. * "'Bad Shame' and Related Problems in

Phaedra Phaedra may refer to: Mythology * Phaedra (mythology), Cretan princess, daughter of Minos and Pasiphaë, wife of Theseus Arts and entertainment * ''Phaedra'' (Alexandre Cabanel), an 1880 painting Film * ''Phaedra'' (film), a 1962 film by ...

's Speech (Eur. ''Hipp.'' 380–388)." ''Hermes'' 101 (1973) 420–425. On a passage from the '' Hippolytus'' of Euripides. * "Φρήν, καρδία, ψυχή in Greek tragedy." In ''Greek Poetry and Philosophy: Studies in Honour of Leonard Woodbury.'' Edited by Douglas E. Gerber. Scholars Press, 1984, pp. 265–274. * "Ἀλλ᾽ εἰδέναι χρὴ δρῶσαν: The Meaning of

Sophocles Sophocles (; grc, Σοφοκλῆς, , Sophoklễs; 497/6 – winter 406/5 BC)Sommerstein (2002), p. 41. is one of three ancient Greek tragedians, at least one of whose plays has survived in full. His first plays were written later than, or co ...

' '' Trachiniai'' 588-93." ''American Journal of Philology'' 106 (1985) 490–496.

Plato

* "The Background of

's Theology." ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' 67 (1936) 208–218. On Book 10 of Plato's ''

Laws Law is a set of rules that are created and are law enforcement, enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. ...

''. * "Plato and the Unity of Science." ''Philosophical Review'' 49 (1940) 566–571. * ''

's Theology''. Cornell University Press, 1942. Reviewed at length by William C. Greene in ''Classical Philology'' 40 (1945) 128–133. * "On Plato's Account of Respiration." ''Studi italiani di filologia classica'' 27–28 (1956) 544–548. * "Platonic Influences in the Formation of Aristotle's Physical System." In ''Aristotle and Plato in the Mid-Fourth Century. Papers of the Symposium Aristotelicum Held at Oxford in August 1957.'' Edited by Ingemar During and G.E.L. Owen. Göteborg 1960, pp. 213–235. * "Hesiodic Motifs in Plato." See under "Hesiod and Homer" above. * "''

Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

'' III,389b2–d6: Plato's Draft and the Editor's Mistake." ''Philologus'' 109 (1965) 182–185. * Review of ''Preface to Plato'' by

Eric A. Havelock Eric Alfred Havelock (; 3 June 1903 – 4 April 1988) was a British classicist who spent most of his life in Canada and the United States. He was a professor at the University of Toronto and was active in the Canadian socialist movement du ...

(Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963). In ''American Journal of Philology'' 87 (1966) 99–105. * "Plato's First Mover in the Eighth Book of Aristotle's ''

Physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...

''." ''Philomathes: Studies and Essays in the Humanities in Memory of Philip Merlan.'' Edited by Robert B. Palmer and Robert Hamerton-Kelly. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1971, pp. 171–182. * "Plato and Science." In ''Interpretations of Plato: A Swarthmore Symposium''. Edited by Helen F. North. E. J. Brill, 1977. * "Platonic Values in Aristotle's Science." ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 39 (1978) 3–23. * "Some Passages in Plato's ''

'' IV and V." ''Illinois Classical Studies'' 5 (1980) 44–48. * "The Academic and the Alexandrian editions of Plato's Works." ''Illinois Classical Studies'' 6 (1981) 102–111. * "Plato and the Concept of the Soul (Psyche): Some Historical Perspectives." ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 44 (1983) 355–367.

Aristotle

* ''Die aristotelische Methodenlehre und die spätplatonische Akademie'', dissertation. Berlin 1928. Revised and published as ''Die Entwicklung der aristotelischen Logik und Rhetorik'' in 1975 and again i
2001.
* "The Origins and Methods of Aristotle's ''

Poetics Poetics is the theory of structure, form, and discourse within literature, and, in particular, within poetry. History The term ''poetics'' derives from the Ancient Greek ποιητικός ''poietikos'' "pertaining to poetry"; also "creative" an ...

''." ''Classical Quarterly'' 29 (1935) 192–201. * "The Aristotelian Tradition in Ancient Rhetoric." ''American Journal of Philology'' 62 (1941) 35–50 and 169–190. * "

Boethius Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known as Boethius (; Latin: ''Boetius''; 480 – 524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, ''magister officiorum'', historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central figure in the tr ...

and the History of the

Organon The ''Organon'' ( grc, Ὄργανον, meaning "instrument, tool, organ") is the standard collection of Aristotle's six works on logical analysis and dialectic. The name ''Organon'' was given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics. The si ...

." ''American Journal of Philology'' 65 (1944) 69–74. * "

Syllogism A syllogism ( grc-gre, συλλογισμός, ''syllogismos'', 'conclusion, inference') is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. ...

and Its Platonic Background." ''Philosophical Review'' 60 (1951) 563–571. * Introduction to the

Modern Library The Modern Library is an American book publishing imprint and formerly the parent company of Random House. Founded in 1917 by Albert Boni and Horace Liveright as an imprint of their publishing company Boni & Liveright, Modern Library became an ...

edition of Aristotle's ''

Rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...

'', translated by W. Rhys Roberts, and ''

'', translated by

Ingram Bywater Ingram Bywater, FBA (27 June 1840 – 18 December 1914) was an English classical scholar. He was born in Islington, London and first educated first at University College School and King's College School, then at Queen's College, Oxford. He obta ...

. New York 1954. * "Antecedents of Aristotle's Psychology and Scale of Beings." ''American Journal of Philology'' 76 (1955) 148–164. * "Aristotle and Prime Matter: A Reply to H. R. King." ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 19 (1958) 243–252. * "Aristotle and

Presocratic Pre-Socratic philosophy, also known as early Greek philosophy, is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates. Pre-Socratic philosophers were mostly interested in cosmology, the beginning and the substance of the universe, but the inquiries of thes ...

Cosmogony Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of the cosmos or the universe. Overview Scientific theories In astronomy, cosmogony refers to the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used i ...

." ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' 63 (1958) 265–282. * ''Aristotle's System of the Physical World: A Comparison with His Predecessors''. Cornell University Press, 1960. This lengthy, densely packed book investigates the natural philosophy of the

Presocratics Pre-Socratic philosophy, also known as early Greek philosophy, is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates. Pre-Socratic philosophers were mostly interested in cosmology, the beginning and the substance of the universe, but the inquiries of the ...

and Plato as well as Aristotle's ''Physics'', ''

De caelo ''On the Heavens'' (Greek: ''Περὶ οὐρανοῦ''; Latin: ''De Caelo'' or ''De Caelo et Mundo'') is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise: written in 350 BC, it contains his astronomical theory and his ideas on the concrete workings o ...

'', ''

De generatione et corruptione ''On Generation and Corruption'' ( grc, Περὶ γενέσεως καὶ φθορᾶς; la, De Generatione et Corruptione), also known as ''On Coming to Be and Passing Away'' is a treatise by Aristotle. Like many of his texts, it is both scie ...

'' and ''

Meteorologica ''Meteorology'' (Greek: ; Latin: ''Meteorologica'' or ''Meteora'') is a treatise by Aristotle. The text discusses what Aristotle believed to have been all the affections common to air and water, and the kinds and parts of the earth and the affect ...

''. * "Aristotle's Word for

Matter In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All everyday objects that can be touched are ultimately composed of atoms, which are made up of interacting subatomic partic ...

." In ''Didascaliæ: Studies in Honor of Anselm M. Albareda,

Prefect Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefect's ...

of the

Vatican Library The Vatican Apostolic Library ( la, Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, it, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally es ...

.'' Edited by Sesto Prete. New York 1961, pp. 393–408. * "Misplaced Passages at the End of Aristotle's ''Physics''." ''American Journal of Philology'' 82 (1961) 270–282. * "

Leisure Leisure has often been defined as a quality of experience or as free time. Free time is time spent away from business, work, job hunting, domestic chores, and education, as well as necessary activities such as eating and sleeping. Leisure ...

and

Play Play most commonly refers to: * Play (activity), an activity done for enjoyment * Play (theatre), a work of drama Play may refer also to: Computers and technology * Google Play, a digital content service * Play Framework, a Java framework * Pla ...

in Aristotle's Ideal

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

." ''Rheinisches Museum'' 107 (1964) 193–220. * Review of ''Aristotle and the Problem of

Value Value or values may refer to: Ethics and social * Value (ethics) wherein said concept may be construed as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, associating value to them ** Values (Western philosophy) expands the notion of value beyo ...

'' by Whitney J. Oates (Princeton University Press, 1963). In ''Journal of Philosophy'' 62 (1965) 298–303. * ''Ursprünge und Methoden der aristotelischen Poetik''. Darmstadt 1968. * "

Dialectic Dialectic ( grc-gre, διαλεκτική, ''dialektikḗ''; related to dialogue; german: Dialektik), also known as the dialectical method, is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing ...

without the Forms." In ''Aristotle on Dialectic: The'' Topics''. Proceedings of the Third Symposium Aristotelicum.'' Edited by G. E. L. Owen. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968, pp. 49–68. * "The Fishes of

Lesbos Lesbos or Lesvos ( el, Λέσβος, Lésvos ) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with approximately of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Anatolia, Asia Minor ...

and Their Alleged Significance for the Development of Aristotle." ''Hermes'' 106 (1978) 467–484. * "Citations in Their Bearing on the Origin of 'Aristotle' ''

'' IV." ''Hermes'' 113 (1985) 448–459.

Empedocles, Epicurus, Lucretius

* Review of ''T. Lucreti Cari, De rerum natura, Libri sex'', edition and

commentary Commentary or commentaries may refer to: Publications * ''Commentary'' (magazine), a U.S. public affairs journal, founded in 1945 and formerly published by the American Jewish Committee * Caesar's Commentaries (disambiguation), a number of works ...

by William Ellery Leonard and Stanley Barney Smith (University of Wisconsin Press, 1942), in ''Philosophical Review'' 53 (1944) 208–211. * "

Epicurus Epicurus (; grc-gre, Ἐπίκουρος ; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and sage who founded Epicureanism, a highly influential school of philosophy. He was born on the Greek island of Samos to Athenian parents. Influenced ...

and

Cosmological Cosmology () is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. The term ''cosmology'' was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's ''Glossographia'', and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher ...

Heresies." ''American Journal of Philology'' 72 (1951) 1–23. * "Epicurus on the Growth and Decline of the

Cosmos The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity. The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...

." ''American Journal of Philology'' 74 (1953) 34–51. * ''Αἴσθησις in Aristotelian and Epicurean Thought''. Amsterdam, 1961. ''Aisthesis'' originally meant both cognitive perceptions and feelings (as of pleasure and pain); Solmsen traces the restriction of the term by Plato to cognitive perceptions and so in Aristotle and the

Stoics Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy of personal virtue ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world, asserting that th ...

; Epicurus, however, uses the word to mean the capacity of feeling pleasure and pain as conveyed by the "soul atoms" generally to the body. * " Love and Strife in

Empedocles Empedocles (; grc-gre, Ἐμπεδοκλῆς; , 444–443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogonic theory of the fo ...

' Cosmology." ''Phronesis'' 10 (1965) 109–148. * "Ζωρός in Empedocles." ''Classical Review'' 17 (1967) 245–246. * "A Peculiar Omission in

Lucretius Titus Lucretius Carus ( , ; – ) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is the philosophical poem ''De rerum natura'', a didactic work about the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism, and which usually is translated into E ...

' Account of Human Civilization." ''Philologus'' 114 (1970) 256–261. * "Eternal and Temporary Beings in Empedocles' Physical Poem." ''Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie'' 57 (1975) 123–145. * "Epicurus on Void, Matter and Genesis: Some Historical Observations." ''Phronesis'' 22 (1977) 263–281. * "Empedocles' Hymn to

Apollo Apollo, grc, Ἀπόλλωνος, Apóllōnos, label=genitive , ; , grc-dor, Ἀπέλλων, Apéllōn, ; grc, Ἀπείλων, Apeílōn, label=Arcadocypriot Greek, ; grc-aeo, Ἄπλουν, Áploun, la, Apollō, la, Apollinis, label= ...

." ''Phronesis'' 35 (1980) 219–227. * "Abdera's Arguments for the

Atomic Theory Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. Atomic theory traces its origins to an ancient philosophical tradition known as atomism. According to this idea, if one were to take a lump of matter a ...

." ''Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies'' 29 (1988) 59–73. * "Lucretius' Strategy in ''De rerum natura'' I." ''Rheinisches Museum'' 131 (1988) 315–323.

Philosophical and literary topics

* "

Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the estab ...

's First Speeches: A Rhetorical Analysis." ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' 69 (1938) 542–556. * "Some Works of

Philostratus the Elder Philostratus of Lemnos ( grc-gre, Φιλόστρατος ὁ Λήμνιος; c. 190 – c. 230 AD), also known as Philostratus the Elder to distinguish him from Philostratus the Younger who was also from Lemnos, was a Greek sophist of the Roman Emp ...

." ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' 71 (1940) 556–572. * "

Eratosthenes Eratosthenes of Cyrene (; grc-gre, Ἐρατοσθένης ; – ) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria ...

as Platonist and Poet." ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' 73 (1942) 192–213. * "Chaos and

Apeiron ''Apeiron'' (; ) is a Greek word meaning "(that which is) unlimited," "boundless", "infinite", or "indefinite" from ''a-'', "without" and ''peirar'', "end, limit", "boundary", the Ionic Greek form of ''peras'', "end, limit, boundary". Origin ...

." ''Studi italiani di filologia classica'' 24 (1949) 235–248. * Review of ''Empedocles' Mixture, Eudoxan Astronomy and Aristotle's Connate

Pneuma ''Pneuma'' () is an ancient Greek word for "breath", and in a religious context for "spirit" or "soul". It has various technical meanings for medical writers and philosophers of classical antiquity, particularly in regard to physiology, and is a ...

'' by Harald A. T. Reiche (Amsterdam 1960), in ''American Journal of Philology'' 84 (1963) 91–94. * ''The

Eleatic The Eleatics were a group of pre-Socratic philosophers in the 5th century BC centered around the ancient Italian Greek colony of Elea ( grc, Ἐλέα), located in present-day Campania in southern Italy. The primary philosophers who are associat ...

One in Melissus''. Amsterdam, 1969. * "Tissues and the Soul: Philosophical Contributions to Physiology." ''Philosophical Review'' 59 (1950) 435–468. * "Neglected Evidence for Cicero's ''

De re publica ''De re publica'' (''On the Commonwealth''; see below) is a dialogue on Roman politics by Cicero, written in six books between 54 and 51 BC. The work does not survive in a complete state, and large parts are missing. The surviving sections derive ...

''." ''Museum Helveticum'' 13 (1956) 38–53. * "The Vital Heat, the Inborn Pneuma and the Aether." ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' 77 (1957) 119–123. * "Greek Philosophy and the Discovery of the Nerves." ''Museum Helveticum'' 18 (1961) 150–167 and 169–197. * ''

Cleanthes Cleanthes (; grc-gre, Κλεάνθης; c. 330 BC – c. 230 BC), of Assos, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and boxer who was the successor to Zeno of Citium as the second head (''scholarch'') of the Stoic school in Athens. Originally a boxer, he ...

Posidonius Posidonius (; grc-gre, wikt:Ποσειδώνιος, Ποσειδώνιος , "of Poseidon") "of Apamea (Syria), Apameia" (ὁ Ἀπαμεύς) or "of Rhodes" (ὁ Ῥόδιος) (), was a Greeks, Greek politician, astronomer, astrologer, geog ...

? The Basis of

Stoic physics Stoic physics refers to the natural philosophy of the Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome which they used to explain the natural processes at work in the universe. To the Stoics, the cosmos is a single pantheistic god, one which is ratio ...

''. Amsterdam 1961. A study of the sources of Cicero's ''

De Natura Deorum ''De Natura Deorum'' (''On the Nature of the Gods'') is a philosophical dialogue by Roman Academic Skeptic philosopher Cicero written in 45 BC. It is laid out in three books that discuss the theological views of the Hellenistic philosophies of ...

'', II, 23–32. * "

Anaximander Anaximander (; grc-gre, Ἀναξίμανδρος ''Anaximandros''; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus,"Anaximander" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 403. a city of Ionia (in moder ...

's Infinite: Traces and Influences." ''Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie'' 44 (1962) 109–131. * "

Anaxagoras Anaxagoras (; grc-gre, Ἀναξαγόρας, ''Anaxagóras'', "lord of the assembly"; 500 – 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, ...

B 19 Diels-Kranz." ''Hermes'' 91 (1963) 250–251. * "Nature as Craftsman in Greek Thought." ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 24 (1963) 473–496. * "

Diogenes of Apollonia Diogenes of Apollonia ( ; grc, Διογένης ὁ Ἀπολλωνιάτης, Diogénēs ho Apollōniátēs; 5th century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and was a native of the Milesian colony Apollonia in Thrace. He lived for some ti ...

B3D.-K." ''Classical Review'' 20 (1970) 6. * "

Thucydides Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientifi ...

' Treatment of Words and Concepts." ''Hermes'' 99 (1971) 385–408. * "The Tradition about

Zeno of Elea Zeno of Elea (; grc, Ζήνων ὁ Ἐλεᾱ́της; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of Magna Graecia and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic. He is best known fo ...

Re-examined." ''Phronesis'' 16 (1971) 116–141. * "

Parmenides Parmenides of Elea (; grc-gre, Παρμενίδης ὁ Ἐλεάτης; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia. Parmenides was born in the Greek colony of Elea, from a wealthy and illustrious family. His dates a ...

and the Description of Perfect Beauty in Plato's ''Symposium''." ''American Journal of Philology'' 92 (1971) 62–70. * ''Intellectual Experiments of the Greek Enlightenment''. Princeton University Press, 1975. Six chapters dealing with such topics as argumentation, persuasion, utopianism and reform, language experiments, and empirical psychology. * "Light from Aristotle's Physics on the text of Parmenides B 8 D-K." ''Phronesis'' 1977 XXII : 10–12. * "

Theophrastus Theophrastus (; grc-gre, Θεόφραστος ; c. 371c. 287 BC), a Greek philosopher and the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. He was a native of Eresos in Lesbos.Gavin Hardy and Laurence Totelin, ''Ancient Botany'', Routledge ...

and Political Aspects of the Belief in Providence." ''Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies'' 19 (1978) 91–98. * "Emendations in Cosmological Texts." ''Rheinisches Museum'' 124 (1981) 1–18. * "

v,5,3,21 ff.: A Passage on

Zeus Zeus or , , ; grc, Δῐός, ''Diós'', label=Genitive case, genitive Aeolic Greek, Boeotian Aeolic and Doric Greek#Laconian, Laconian grc-dor, Δεύς, Deús ; grc, Δέος, ''Déos'', label=Genitive case, genitive el, Δίας, ''D� ...

." ''Museum Helveticum'' 43 (1986) 68–73.

Augustan poetry

* "

Horace Quintus Horatius Flaccus (; 8 December 65 – 27 November 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace (), was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his ' ...

's First Roman

Ode An ode (from grc, ᾠδή, ōdḗ) is a type of lyric poetry. Odes are elaborately structured poems praising or glorifying an event or individual, describing nature intellectually as well as emotionally. A classic ode is structured in three majo ...

." ''American Journal of Philology'' 68 (1947) 337–352. * "

Propertius Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age. He was born around 50–45 BC in Assisium and died shortly after 15 BC. Propertius' surviving work comprises four books of ''Elegies'' ('). He was a friend of the poets Gallus a ...

in his Literary Relations with

Tibullus Albius Tibullus ( BC19 BC) was a Latin poet and writer of elegies. His first and second books of poetry are extant; many other texts attributed to him are of questionable origins. Little is known about the life of Tibullus. There are only a fe ...

and

Vergil Publius Vergilius Maro (; traditional dates 15 October 7021 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: th ...

." ''Philologus'' 105 (1961) 273–289. * "Three Elegies of Propertius' First Book." ''Classical Philology'' 57 (1962) 73–88. * "Tibullus as an Augustan poet." ''Hermes'' 90 (1962) 295–325. * "On Propertius I, 7." ''American Journal of Philology'' 86 (1965) 77–84. * "

Catullus Gaius Valerius Catullus (; 84 - 54 BCE), often referred to simply as Catullus (, ), was a Latin poet of the late Roman Republic who wrote chiefly in the neoteric style of poetry, focusing on personal life rather than classical heroes. His s ...

' Artistry in ''C.'' 68: A Pre-Augustan Subjective Love-Elegy." ''Monumentum Chiloniense: Studien zur augusteischen Zeit. Kieler Festschrift für Erich Burck zum 70. Geburtstag.'' Edited by Eckard Lefèvre. Amsterdam 1975, pp. 260–276.

Afterlife, religion, myth

* Review of ''The Greeks and the Irrational'' by

E.R. Dodds Eric Robertson Dodds (26 July 1893 – 8 April 1979) was an Irish classics, classical scholar. He was Regius Professor of Greek (Oxford), Regius Professor of Greek at the University of Oxford from 1936 to 1960. Early life and education Dodds wa ...

, in ''American Journal of Philology'' 75 (1954) 190–196. * Review of '' Αἰών da

Omero Omero is an Italian given name whose English equivalent is Homer. Omero may refer to: *Omero Antonutti (born 1935), Italian actor and dubber *Omero Bonoli (1909–1934), Italian gymnast and 1932 Olympic pommel horse silver medalist * Omero Car ...

ad Aristotele'' by Enzo Degani (University of Padua, 1961). In ''American Journal of Philology'' 84 (1963) 329–332. * "Two

ic Passages on the

Hereafter The afterlife (also referred to as life after death) is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's identity or their stream of consciousness continues to live after the death of their physical body. The surviving ess ...

." ''Hermes'' 96 (1968) 503–506. * "Greek Ideas of the

in Vergil's Roman Epic." "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" 92 (1968) 8–14. * "Ἀμοιβή in the Recently Discovered '

Orphic Orphism (more rarely Orphicism; grc, Ὀρφικά, Orphiká) is the name given to a set of religious beliefs and practices originating in the ancient Greek and Hellenistic world, associated with literature ascribed to the mythical poet Orpheus ...

Katabasis A katabasis or catabasis ( grc, κατάβασις, from "down" and "go") is a journey to the underworld. Its original sense is usually associated with Greek mythology and Classical mythology more broadly, where the protagonist visits the Gree ...

." ''Hermes'' 96 (1968) 631–632. * "The World of the Dead in Book 6 of the ''

Aeneid The ''Aeneid'' ( ; la, Aenē̆is or ) is a Latin Epic poetry, epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Troy, Trojan who fled the Trojan_War#Sack_of_Troy, fall of Troy and travelled to ...

''." ''Classical Philology'' 67 (1972) 31–41. * "''Symphytos Aion'' (A., ''Ag.'' 106)." ''American Journal of Philology'' 100 (1979) 477–479. On Aeschylus, ''Agamemnon'', line 106. * ''

Isis Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingd ...

among the Greeks and Romans''. Harvard University Press, 1979. "It was a surprise, but also a pleasure," noted

J. Gwyn Griffiths John Gwyn Griffiths (7 December 1911 – 15 June 2004) was a Welsh poet, Egyptologist and nationalist political activist who spent the largest span of his career lecturing at Swansea University. Early life Born in 1911 in Porth in the Rhondda ...

, "to find Friedrich Solmsen concerning himself with the impact of Isis on the Graeco-Roman world."

, review in ''Classical Review'' 32 (1982), p. 53. * "Achilles on the Islands of the Blessed: Pindar vs. Homer and Hesiod." ''American Journal of Philology'' 103 (1982) 19–24. * "'

Aeneas In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas (, ; from ) was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite (equivalent to the Roman Venus). His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy (both being grandsons ...

Founded Rome with

Odysseus Odysseus ( ; grc-gre, Ὀδυσσεύς, Ὀδυσεύς, OdysseúsOdyseús, ), also known by the Latin variant Ulysses ( , ; lat, UlyssesUlixes), is a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem the ''Odyssey''. Odysse ...

.'" ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' 90 (1986) 93–110.

Christian topics

* "The Powers of Darkness in

Prudentius Aurelius Prudentius Clemens () was a Roman citizen, Roman Christianity, Christian poet, born in the Roman Empire, Roman province of Tarraconensis (now Northern Spain) in 348.H. J. Rose, ''A Handbook of Classical Literature'' (1967) p. 508 He prob ...

' ''Contra Symmachum'': A Study of His Poetic Imagination." ''Vigiliae Christianae'' 19 (1965) 237–257. * "The Conclusion of

Theodosius Theodosius ( Latinized from the Greek "Θεοδόσιος", Theodosios, "given by god") is a given name. It may take the form Teodósio, Teodosie, Teodosije etc. Theodosia is a feminine version of the name. Emperors of ancient Rome and Byzantium ...

' Oration in Prudentius' ''Contra Symmachum''." ''Philologus'' 109 (1965) 310–313. * "

Providence Providence often refers to: * Providentia, the divine personification of foresight in ancient Roman religion * Divine providence, divinely ordained events and outcomes in Christianity * Providence, Rhode Island, the capital of Rhode Island in the ...

and the Soul: A

Platonic Plato's influence on Western culture was so profound that several different concepts are linked by being called Platonic or Platonist, for accepting some assumptions of Platonism, but which do not imply acceptance of that philosophy as a whole. It ...

Chapter in

Clement of Alexandria Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria ( grc , Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; – ), was a Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria. Among his pupils were Origen and ...

." ''Museum Helveticum'' 26 (1969) 229–251. * " George A. Wells on Christmas in Early

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...

Criticism." ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 31 (1970) 277–280. * "Early Christian Interest in the Theory of Demonstration." In ''Romanitas et Christianitas; studia Iano Henrico Waszink.'' Edited by W. den Boer. Amsterdam 1973, pp. 281–291. * "

Reincarnation Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death. Resurrection is a ...

in Ancient and Early Christian Thought." In ''

'', vol. 3. Hildesheim 1982, pp. 465–494.

Bibliography

* "Friedrich Solmsen, Professor, 84." ''New York Times'' (February 10, 1989)
obituary
* Kirkwood, G.M. "Foreword to the Paperback Edition." I
''Hesiod and Aeschylus''
by Friedrich Solmsen. Cornell University Press, 1995, pp. ix–xi. * Solmsen, Friedrich. ''

'', 3 vols. Hildesheim 1968–1982. * Solmsen, Friedrich. "Wilamowitz in His Last Ten Years." ''Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies'' 20 (1979) 89–122. * ''Tabulae.'' Newsletter of th
Department of Classics
University of North Carolina (Fall 1989)
pp. iii–iv.
* Ward, Leo R. ''My Fifty Years at Notre Dame''

References

External links

* *Georgia Mouroutsou, "Friedrich Solmsen: German and Anglo-Saxon Virtue," a tribute a

A Forum for the Mediation of Dialogue in Ancient and Modern Academies * {{DEFAULTSORT:Solmsen, Friedrich German classical philologists American classical scholars German classical scholars Classical scholars of Cornell University 1904 births 1989 deaths German emigrants to the United States Classical scholars of the University of Wisconsin–Madison Classical scholars of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Scholars of ancient Greek literature American scholars of ancient Greek philosophy