Georg Friedrich Karl Heinrich Bidder ( – ) was a

Baltic German Baltic Germans (german: Deutsch-Balten or , later ) were ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their coerced resettlement in 1939, Baltic Germans have markedly declined ...

physiologist and

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...

from what was then the

Governorate of Livonia The Governorate of Livonia, also known as the Livonia Governorate, was a Baltic governorate of the Russian Empire, now divided between Latvia and Estonia. Geography The shape of the province is a fairly rectangular in shape, with a maximum ...

in the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

. In 1834 he received his doctorate from the

University of Dorpat The University of Tartu (UT; et, Tartu Ülikool; la, Universitas Tartuensis) is a university in the city of Tartu in Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia. It is the only classical university in the country, and also its biggest ...

, where he became a professor of anatomy (1842), and physiology and

pathology Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...

(1843). He was a corresponding member (1857) and honorary member (1884) of the

Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...

(today Russian Academy of Sciences). He was the president of the Naturalists' Society at the University of Dorpat from 1877 to 1890. Bidder is primarily remembered for his studies of nutrition and

gastric The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital organ in the digestive system. The stomach i ...

physiology. From 1847 to 1852 he performed physiological-chemical studies of digestive juices and

metabolism Metabolism (, from el, μεταβολή ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run c ...

with

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe t ...

Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt (1822–1894). He also conducted important investigations of the sympathetic nervous system with

Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann (1 July 1801, Leipzig – 21 April 1877, Halle an der Saale) was a German physiology, physiologist, anatomist, and philosopher. He specialized in the study of the nervous and optic systems. Biography Alfred Wilhelm Volkm ...

(1801–1877) and of the

spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone). The backbone encloses the central canal of the sp ...

with Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer (1829–1902). Bidder's name is associated with two anatomical structures: * "Bidder's ganglia": Ganglia located at the lower end of the

atrial septum The interatrial septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart. Structure The interatrial septum is a that lies between the left atrium and right atrium of the human heart. The interatrial septum lies at angl ...

; sometimes called the ventricular ganglia. * " Bidder's organ": A spherical, brownish reproductive organ of male

toad Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. A distinction between frogs and toads is not made in scient ...

References

* * Official site of Russian Academy of Sciences (2 December 2002)
Bidder Fridrikh Genrikh
Retrieved 21 May 2023. * Russian

Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. 1890–1907. * German: Achard Thomas, Der Physiologe Friedrich Bidder, Zürich, Juris Druck + Verlag, 1969

External links

* 1810 births 1894 deaths People from Smiltene Municipality People from Kreis Walk Baltic-German people Physiologists from the Russian Empire University of Tartu alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni Leipzig University alumni Academic staff of the University of Tartu Rectors of the University of Tartu Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Burials at Raadi cemetery Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities {{Germany-med-bio-stub

See also

References

Further reading

External links