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Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (6 July 1594,
Sulzburg Sulzburg () is a town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the western slope of the Black Forest, 20 km southwest of Freiburg. Sulzburg had a long tradition of continuous Jewish settle ...
, Hochschwarzwald – 8 September 1659,
Durlach Durlach is a district in Karlsruhe, Germany, with a population of roughly 30,000. The district is further divided into ''Alt-Durlach'', ''Dornwald-Untermühl'', ''Hanggebiet'', ''Bergwald'', ''Aue'', ''Lohn-Lissen'' and ''Killisfeld''. Histor ...
) was a German
nobleman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. T ...
, who ruled as margrave of
Baden-Durlach The Margraviate of Baden-Durlach was an early modern territory of the Holy Roman Empire, in the upper Rhine valley, which existed from 1535 to 1771. It was formed when the Margraviate of Baden was split between the sons of Margrave Christopher I ...
from 1622 to his death. He was succeeded by his son Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach.


Life

Frederick V was the son of Margrave George Frederick of Baden-Durlach and his wife Juliana Ursula of Salm-Neufville. He was educated in
Sulzburg Sulzburg () is a town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the western slope of the Black Forest, 20 km southwest of Freiburg. Sulzburg had a long tradition of continuous Jewish settle ...
by, among others, superintendent J. Weininger. In the years 1613 and 1614, Frederick V made his Grand Tour to
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
,
Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ...
and the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
. In 1622, the
Aulic Council The Aulic Council (; ; literally "Court Council of the Empire", sometimes abbreviated in academic writing as "RHR") was one of the two supreme courts of the Holy Roman Empire, the other being the ''Reichskammergericht'' (Imperial Chamber Court). ...
decided to award the margraviate of Baden-Baden to Edward Fortunatus. Disappointed, Margrave George Frederick abdicated on 22 April 1622, in favour of his son, Frederick V. Frederick ruled Baden Durlach until his death in 1659. After Baden-Durlach lost the
Battle of Wimpfen The Battle of Wimpfen took place during the Palatinate campaign period of the Thirty Years' War on 6 May 1622 near Wimpfen. The combined forces of the Catholic League (German), Catholic League and the Spanish Empire under Marshal Johann Tsercl ...
, the country was devastated by the troops of Tilly.
Durlach Durlach is a district in Karlsruhe, Germany, with a population of roughly 30,000. The district is further divided into ''Alt-Durlach'', ''Dornwald-Untermühl'', ''Hanggebiet'', ''Bergwald'', ''Aue'', ''Lohn-Lissen'' and ''Killisfeld''. Histor ...
and other unprotected towns were burned down or looted and pillaged repeatedly. Frederick V did not receive his imperial
investiture Investiture (from the Latin preposition ''in'' and verb ''vestire'', "dress" from ''vestis'' "robe") is a formal installation or ceremony that a person undergoes, often related to membership in Christian religious institutes as well as Christian kn ...
until 1627, and then only under severe conditions. The people suffered unspeakably during this period. In 1648, the plague broke out in Durlach and further decimated the population. The
Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
Frederick V was deposed by Emperor Ferdinand II during the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
. Ferdinand II enfeoffed Baden-Durlach to the
Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
Margrave of Baden-Baden instead. Frederick then retired from politics until the end of the war. Frederick V married Duchess Barbara of Württemberg on 21 December 1616. His wife died on 8 May 1627 after nine years of marriage at the age of 33 years. Without observing the obligatory year of mourning, Frederick married Eleonore of Solms-Laubach on 8 October 1627. His second wife died on 6 July 1633. After a very brief period of mourning, he married his third wife, Mary Elizabeth on 21 January 1634; she died on 19 February 1643. On 13 February 1644, Frederick V married Anna Maria of Geroldseck, the widow of Count Frederick of Solms-Laubach. Anna Maria died on 25 May 1649 and the following year, on 20 May 1650, Frederick married his fifth and final wife, Elizabeth Eusebia of Fürstenberg. In 1632 Prince
Louis I Louis I may refer to: Cardinals * Louis I, Cardinal of Guise (1527–1578) Counts * Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158) * Louis I of Blois (1172–1205) * Louis I of Flanders (1304–1346) * Louis I of Châtillon (died 13 ...
of Anhalt-Köthen made Frederick V a member of his
Fruitbearing Society The Fruitbearing Society (German Die Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft, lat. ''Societas Fructifera'') was a German literary society founded in 1617 in Weimar by German scholars and nobility. Its aim was to standardize vernacular German and promote it ...
. The Society gave Frederick the nickname ''der Verwandte'' ("the Kinsman") and the motto ''the grape'' and as his emblem the common grape hyacinth (''Hyacinthus botryoides'' L.). In the Society Book in Köthen, Frederick can be found as entry number 207. To evade the
Edict of Restitution The Edict of Restitution was proclaimed by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna, on 6 March 1629, eleven years into the Thirty Years' War. Following Catholic League (German), Catholic military successes, Ferdinand hoped to restore control ...
, Frederick V joined King
Gustav II Adolf of Sweden Gustav, Gustaf or Gustave may refer to: *Gustav (name), a male given name of Old Swedish origin Art, entertainment, and media * ''Primeval'' (film), a 2007 American horror film * ''Gustav'' (film series), a Hungarian series of animated short cart ...
and he renewed his alliance with Sweden and France in 1635 after the Battle of Nördlingen. Consequently, Frederick V was excluded from the amnesty granted by the Diet in 1640. At the peace negotiations in
Münster Münster (; ) is an independent city#Germany, independent city (''Kreisfreie Stadt'') in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also a ...
that led to the
Peace of Westphalia The Peace of Westphalia (, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire ...
, Frederick was represented by his councillor, ''
Amtmann __NOTOC__ The ''Amtmann'' or ''Ammann'' (in Switzerland) was an official in German-speaking countries of Europe and in some of the Nordic countries from the time of the Middle Ages whose office was akin to that of a bailiff A bailiff is a ...
'' John George of Merckelbach from
Badenweiler Badenweiler (High Alemannic: ''Badewiler'') is a health resort and spa in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgräflerland. It is 28 kilometers by road and rail from Basel, 10 kilome ...
. Baden-Durlach was returned to Frederick V, but not Upper Baden. He returned to Durlach in 1650 and devoted himself to his studies. In 1654, he promulgated a new civil code, which his father had created in 1622. Frederick V died on 8 September 1659 at the age of 65 years at the
Karlsburg Castle Karlsburg Castle in the Durlach district of Karlsruhe characterizes the history of the Baden since 1563. Only the ("Princesses' wing") of the historical building still stands. Pforzheim was the residence of Margrave Charles II, until he decide ...
in Durlach.


Marriages and issue

Frederick V married
Barbara of Württemberg Barbara of Württemberg (4 December 1593 — 18 May 1627) was margravine of the historical German territory of Margraviate of Baden, Baden-Durlach. The daughter of Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg and his wife, Sibylla of Anhalt, she was born a ...
(born: 4 December 1593; died: 8 May 1627) on 21 December 1616. She was the daughter of the Duke
Frederick I of Württemberg Frederick I (Frederick William Charles, ; 6 November 1754 – 30 October 1816) was the ruler of Württemberg from 1797 to his death. He was the last Duke of Württemberg from 1797 to 1803, then the first and only Elector of Württemberg from ...
and his wife Princess Sibylla of Anhalt. They had following children: * Frederick VI (born: 16 November 1617; died: 31 January 1677), Imperial Commander and Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1617–1677) * Sibylle (born: 4 November 1618; died: 7 July 1623) * Charles Magnus (born: 27 March 1621; died: 29 November 1658) * Barbara (born: 6 June 1622; died: 13 September 1639) * Johanna (born: 5 December 1623; died: 2 January 1661), married: : firstly, on 26 September 1640 the Swedish Commander-in-Chief
Johan Banér Johan Banér (23 June 1596 – 10 May 1641) was a Swedish field marshal in the Thirty Years' War. Early life Johan Banér was born at Djursholm Castle in Uppland. As a four-year-old he was forced to witness the execution of his father, the ...
(born: 3 July 1596; died: 20 May 1641) : secondly, in 1648 to Count Heinrich von Thurn und Valsássina (died: 19 August 1656) * Friederike (April 6, 1625; † June 16, 1645) * Christine (born: 25 December 1626, died: 11 July 1627) On 8 October 1627, Frederick V married his second wife, Countess Eleonore of
Solms-Laubach Solms-Laubach was a County of southern Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The House of Solms had its origins in Solms, Hesse. History Solms-Laubach was originally created as a partition of Solms-Lich. In 1537 Philip, Count of S ...
(born: 9 September 1605; died: 6 July 1633), the daughter of Count Albert Otto Albrecht I of
Solms-Laubach Solms-Laubach was a County of southern Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The House of Solms had its origins in Solms, Hesse. History Solms-Laubach was originally created as a partition of Solms-Lich. In 1537 Philip, Count of S ...
(1576-1610) and his wife,
Landgravine Landgrave (, , , ; , ', ', ', ', ') was a noble title, rank of nobility used in the Holy Roman Empire, and its former territories. The German titles of ', ' ("margrave"), and ' ("count palatine") are of roughly equal rank, subordinate to ' ("du ...
Anna von
Hesse-Darmstadt The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt () was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a younger branch of the House of Hesse. It was formed in 1567 following the division of the Landgraviate of Hesse among the four sons of Landgrave Philip I. ...
(1583-1631). They had following children: * Anna Philippine (born: 9 September 1629; died: 27 December 1629) * Eleanor (died: 15 November 1630) * Bernhard Gustav (born: 24 December 1631; died: 26 December 1677), Major General in the Swedish army; later converted to Catholicism in 1665; from 1668 he was prince-abbot at
Kempten Kempten (; ) is the largest town of Allgäu, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The population was about 68,000 in 2016. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later taken over by the Romans, who called the town ''Cambodunum''. K ...
; from 1671 also abbot of the
Fulda monastery The Abbey of Fulda (; ), from 1221 the Princely Abbey of Fulda () and from 1752 the Prince-Bishopric of Fulda (), was a Order of Saint Benedict, Benedictine abbey and Hochstift, ecclesiastical principality centered on Fulda, in the present-day Ger ...
; from 1672
Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...
of
Santa Susanna The Church of Saint Susanna at the Baths of Diocletian () is a Roman Catholic, Catholic parish church, parish and Cistercian conventual church located on the Quirinal Hill in Rome, Italy. There has been a titular church associated to its site as ...
On 21 January 1634, Frederick V married Countess Maria Elisabeth of
Waldeck-Eisenberg The principality, or county of Waldeck-Eisenberg was a principality in the Holy Roman Empire that belonged to the Upper Rhenish Circle. Waldeck-Eisenberg (1507-1598) The principality of Waldeck-Eisenberg was created in 1507 when the principali ...
(born: 2 September 1608; died: 19 February 1643), the daughter of Count Wolrad IV, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg and his wife,
Margravine Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Empir ...
Anna von Baden-Hachberg (1587-1649). This and all his subsequent marriages were childless. On 13 February 1644, Frederick V married his fourth wife, Baroness Anna Maria von Geroldseck und Sultz (born: 28 October 1593; died: 25 May 1649), the widow of the Count Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim and daughter of Baron Jacob Geroldseck und Sultz auf Hohengeroldseck (1565-1634) and his first wife, Baroness Barbara von Rappoltstein (1566-1621). On 20 May 1650 Frederick V married his fifth and final wife, Countess Eusebia Elisabeth of Fürstenberg (died: 8 June 1676), the daughter of Count Christopher II of Fürstenberg (1580-1614) his wife, Countess Dorothea von Sternberg (1570-1633).


Ancestors


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederick 05 of Baden-Durlach, Margrave 1594 births 1659 deaths People from Sulzburg House of Zähringen Margraves of Baden-Durlach