![Frascati seventeenth century print of Matteo Greuter 1620 img035](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Frascati_seventeenth_century_print_of_Matteo_Greuter_1620_img035.jpg)
Frascati () is a city and ''
comune
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
'' in the
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital ( it, Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Lazio region of the Republic of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Rome and 120 ...
in the
Lazio
it, Laziale
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demographics1_title2 ...
region of central
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
. It is located south-east of
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
, on the
Alban Hills
The Alban Hills ( it, Colli Albani) are the caldera remains of a quiescent volcano, volcanic complex in Italy, located southeast of Rome and about north of Anzio. The high Monte Cavo forms a highly visible peak the centre of the caldera, bu ...
close to the ancient city of
Tusculum
Tusculum is a ruined Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome ( ...
. Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories.
Frascati produces the
white wine
White wine is a wine that is Fermentation in winemaking, fermented without skin contact. The wine color, colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold. It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured Juice vesicles, ...
with the same name. It is also a historical and artistic centre.
History
The most important archeological finding in the area, dating back to
Ancient Roman times, during the late Republican Age, is a patrician Roman villa probably belonging to
Lucullus
Lucius Licinius Lucullus (; 118–57/56 BC) was a Roman general and statesman, closely connected with Lucius Cornelius Sulla. In culmination of over 20 years of almost continuous military and government service, he conquered the eastern kingd ...
. In the first century AD its owner was
Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus
Gaius Sallustius Passienus Crispus was a prominent figure in the Roman Empire during the first century. He held the consulship twice, and was stepfather of the future emperor Nero.
Background
Suetonius reports that Passienus was born at Viselliu ...
, who married
Agrippina the Younger, mother of
Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 un ...
. His properties were later confiscated by the Flavian imperial dynasty (69–96 AD). Consul Flavius Clemens lived in the villa with his wife Domitilla during the rule of
Domitian
Domitian (; la, Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flavi ...
.
According to the ''
Liber Pontificalis'', in the 9th century Frascati was a little village, probably founded two centuries earlier. The name of the city probably comes from a typical local tradition of collecting firewood ("frasche" in Italian)—many place-names around the town refer to trees or wood. After the destruction of nearby
Tusculum
Tusculum is a ruined Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome ( ...
in 1191, the town's population increased and the
bishopric
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...
moved from Tusculum to Frascati.
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III ( la, Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 to his death in 16 ...
endorsed the city as a feudal possession of the basilica of
San Giovanni in Laterano
The Archbasilica Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the Lateran ( it, Arcibasilica del Santissimo Salvatore e dei Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano), also known as the Papa ...
, but in the following centuries its territories were ravaged by frequent raids that impoverished it. It was owned by various baronial families, including the
Colonna
The House of Colonna, also known as ''Sciarrillo'' or ''Sciarra'', is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V) and many other church and politic ...
, until, in 1460,
Pope Pius II
Pope Pius II ( la, Pius PP. II, it, Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini ( la, Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus, links=no; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August ...
fortified the city with walls.
At the beginning of the sixteenth century,
Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II ( la, Iulius II; it, Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or th ...
gave Frascati as a feudal possession to the
condottiero Marcantonio I Colonna
Marcantonio I Colonna (1478 – Milan, 1522) was an Italian condottiero from the Colonna family.
He was the son of Pietro Antonio, prince of Salerno, and started his military career at the age of 24. He became a renowned condottiero, since 1502 ...
, who lived there from 1508 together with his wife Lucrezia della Rovere (1485–1552), niece of Pope Julius II. In 1515 Colonna gave Frascati its first statute, ''Statuti e Capituli del Castello di Frascati'', under the Latin title ''Populus antiquae civitas Tusculi''.
In 1518 a hospital was built, named after St. Sebastiano, in memory of the old basilica destroyed in the 9th century. After Prince Colonna's death in 1522, Lucrezia della Rovere sold Frascati to
Pier Luigi Farnese
Pier Luigi Farnese (19 November 1503 – 10 September 1547) was the first Duke of Castro from 1537 to 1545 and the first Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1545 to 1547.
Born in Rome, Pier Luigi was the illegitimate son of Cardinal Alessandro Farn ...
, nephew of Pope
Paul III
Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549.
He came to ...
.
On May 1, 1527 a
Landsknecht
The (singular: , ), also rendered as Landsknechts or Lansquenets, were Germanic mercenaries used in pike and shot formations during the early modern period. Consisting predominantly of pikemen and supporting foot soldiers, their front lin ...
company, after having
sacked Rome, arrived out of the bordering villages. However, the soldiers changed the direction of their movement next to a niche, a "''Rural Aedicule''" consecrated to the Virgin Mary, and the town was therefore saved. This event is commemorated by a church now called Capocroce.
In 1538, Pope
Paul III
Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549.
He came to ...
conferred the title of "Civitas" to Frascati, with the name "Tusculum Novum". In 1598 construction began on a new cathedral dedicated to St. Peter.
On September 15, 1616 the first public and free school in Europe was established on the initiative of
Saint Joseph Calasanz
Joseph Calasanz ( es, José de Calasanz; it, Giuseppe Calasanzio), (September 11, 1557 – August 25, 1648), also known as Joseph Calasanctius and Iosephus a Mater Dei, was a Catholic Church in Spain, Spanish Catholic priest, educator and the f ...
.
![Frascati religious holiday St Joseph Calasanz img016](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Frascati_religious_holiday_St_Joseph_Calasanz_img016.jpg)
On June 18, 1656 a part of the plaster peeled off a wall inside the Church of St. Mary in Vivario, and an ancient fresco became visible. It was the image of Saints
Sebastian and
Roch
Roch (lived c. 1348 – 15/16 August 1376/79 (traditionally c. 1295 – 16 August 1327, also called Rock in English, is a Catholic saint, a confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he is especially invoked a ...
, protector from the plague. In that same year there was an epidemic of
plague
Plague or The Plague may refer to:
Agriculture, fauna, and medicine
*Plague (disease), a disease caused by ''Yersinia pestis''
* An epidemic of infectious disease (medical or agricultural)
* A pandemic caused by such a disease
* A swarm of pe ...
in Rome but Frascati was unaffected. Since that year, the two Saints have been co-patron Saints of the city. There are statues of the two saints in the façade of the Cathedral.
Between 1713 and 1729,
the head from a colossus of
Antinous
Antinous, also called Antinoös, (; grc-gre, Ἀντίνοος; 27 November – before 30 October 130) was a Greek youth from Bithynia and a favourite and probable lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian. Following his premature death before his ...
was discovered in the area, and displayed in the
Villa Mondragone
Villa Mondragone is a patrician villa originally in the territory of the Italian comune of Frascati (Latium, central Italy), now in the territory of Monte Porzio Catone (Alban Hills). It lies on a hill 416m above sea-level, in an area called ...
. In 1757 the Valle theater opened in the centre of the town, and in 1761 the fortress changed to a princely palace under the patronage of Cardinal
Henry Stuart, Duke of York.
In 1809 Frascati was annexed to the
French Empire, and selected as the capital of the Roman canton.
In autumn 1837, there was a plague epidemic in Rome, and 5,000 people left Rome. Frascati was the only city that opened its doors to them. Since then Frascati's flag has been the same as Rome's, yellow and red. In 1840 the "Accademia Tuscolana" was founded in the city by Cardinal-Bishop
Ludovico Micara
Ludovico MicaraLodovico Micara, Ludovico da Frascati. (12 October 1775 – 24 May 1847) was an Italian Capuchin and Cardinal. He was born at Frascati, in the Papal States. Ordained in 1798, he became Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1824.
...
.
In 1856 the city was chosen as the terminus of the
Rome–Frascati railway, the first railway to be built by the
Papal State
The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...
. The last section of the railway line was opened in 1884, 14 years after the city became part of the new
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...
. On December 17, 1901, Frascati started to receive electricity from a hydroelectric plant in
Tivoli.
In 1906, an electric
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
line opened for service between Frascati,
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
and
Castelli Romani
The so-called Roman Castles (''Castelli Romani'' in Italian) are a group of '' comunes'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome. They are located a short distance south-east of the city of Rome, at the feet of the Alban Hills, in the territory corres ...
. The trams traveled wholly along tracks laid down on existing streets as an interurban electric streetcar (
light rail). In 1954 the electric tram line was replaced by buses. Another electric tram service, the
Rome and Fiuggi Rail Road
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (Romulus and Remus, legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
...
, called "Vicinali", was opened for service in 1916. It connected Frascati, Monte Porzio Catone, Monte Compatri and San Cesareo. This tram line was destroyed in 1943 and was replaced by buses.
In 1943, during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Frascati was
heavily bombed because it contained the German General Headquarters for the Mediterranean zone. Approximately 50% of its buildings, including many monuments, villas and houses, were destroyed. One thousand Italians and 150 Germans died in that air strike and in a second air strike on January 22, 1944, the day of the battle of Anzio (
Operation Shingle
The Battle of Anzio was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that took place from January 22, 1944 (beginning with the Allied amphibious landing known as Operation Shingle) to June 5, 1944 (ending with the capture of Rome). The op ...
). The city was liberated from the
Nazi German
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
occupation on June 4, 1944 by the
85th Infantry Division. In 1944–1945 the ruins of the buildings were used to fill in a valley, and that land now supports the "8 September Stadium".
Main sights
Villas
Frascati is famous for its notable
villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became s ...
s, which were built from the 16th century onwards by Popes, cardinals and Roman nobles as "status symbols" of Roman aristocracy. These country houses were designed for social activities rather than farming. The villas are substantially well preserved, or have been carefully and authentically restored following damage during World War II.
![Villa Aldobrandini](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Villa_Aldobrandini.jpg)
The main villas are:
*
Villa Aldobrandini
The Villa Aldobrandini is a villa in Frascati, Italy. It is still owned and lived in by the Aldobrandini family, and known as Belvedere for its location overlooking the valley toward the city of Rome.
It is the only grand Pope, Papal garden not o ...
*
Villa Parisi
Villa Parisi - Borghese is a villa in Frascati, now in Monte Porzio Catone municipal territory, Italy.
Description and history
Villa Parisi was built between 1604 and 1605 by Mons. Fernando Taverna. In 1615 it was acquired by Cardinal Scipione ...
*
Villa Falconieri
The Villa Falconieri is a villa in Frascati, Italy.
History
The villa was originally called Villa Rufina, having been was initially built by Monsignor Alessandro Rufini. Later it was enlarged thanks to Pope Paul III, dates back to 1546. In 16 ...
*
Villa Grazioli
Villa Grazioli is a villa in Frascati, Italy, now in Grottaferrata communal territory. It is an Italian National monument.
History
According to a memorial stone within the building, on which is inscribed a "brief" by Pope Gregory XIII, Villa ...
*
Villa Lancellotti
*
Villa Muti
*
Villa Rufinella (or Tuscolana)
*
Villa Sora
The Villa Sora in Frascati, Italy was built at the end of 16th century by Giacomo Boncompagni, duke of Sora, natural son of Pope Gregory XIII. In the central hall there are painted fresco decorations of Cavalier D'Arpino(17th century). Fresc ...
*
Villa Torlonia
*
Villa Vecchia
*
Villa Mondragone
Villa Mondragone is a patrician villa originally in the territory of the Italian comune of Frascati (Latium, central Italy), now in the territory of Monte Porzio Catone (Alban Hills). It lies on a hill 416m above sea-level, in an area called ...
*
Villa Sciarra
Religious sites
*The Cathedral (
Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter Apostle
Frascati Cathedral ( it, Basilica Cattedrale di San Pietro Apostolo, ''Duomo di Frascati'') is a Roman Catholic cathedral and minor basilica in Frascati, Italy. Dedicated to Saint Peter the Apostle, it is the seat of the Bishop of Frascati.
Des ...
) was designed by
Ottaviano Nonni Ottaviano Nonni (1536 – 6 August 1606), called Il Mascherino, was an Italian architect, sculptor, and painter born in Bologna. Apprentice of Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, he was active in Emilia and in Rome, where he had been living in the rione o ...
, known as "Mascherino", and the original structure was completed in 1598. A new high façade was added between 1698–1700 by Gerolamo Fontana. The cathedral was demolished by bombing in 1943, and the reconstructed interior appears bare. On the inner side of the façade is the tombstone of
Charles Edward Stuart.
*The
Church of the Gesu (Frascati)
Church may refer to:
Religion
* Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities
* Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination
* Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship
* C ...
, designed by the Jesuit architect Giovanni De Rosis, was built at the end of the 16th century, and it has niches on the façade with statues attributed to
Pietro da Cortona
Pietro da Cortona (; 1 November 1596 or 159716 May 1669) was an Italian Baroque painter and architect. Along with his contemporaries and rivals Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini, he was one of the key figures in the emergence of Roman ...
. The most significant feature of the interior is the trompe l'oiel false dome and other architectural features. These were created by
Andrea Pozzo and are copied from models developed for the church of
Sant'Ignazio la, Ecclesia Sancti Ignatii a Loyola in Campo Martio
, image = Sant'Ignazio Church, Rome.jpg
, imagesize = 300px
, caption = Façade of Sant'Ignazio
, mapframe =yes
, mapframe-caption ...
in Rome. In 1773 Cardinal
Henry Benedict Stuart
Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, as well as the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of Great Brita ...
, Duke of York, reconsecrated the church to the Holy Name of Jesus and to St. Gregory the Great.
*The Bishop's Palace, the old "Rocca" ("Castle"), is a massive construction with two square towers and one rounded one. The
Bishop of Frascati
The Diocese of Frascati (Lat.: ''Tusculana'') is a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, based at Frascati, near Rome. The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop; from the Latin name of the a ...
resides here. The Palace is flanked by the former cathedral, the church of ''Santa Maria in Vivario'', with a
campanile (1305) featuring three orders of three-mullioned windows.
Museums
*The civic archaeological museum at the ''Scuderie Aldobrandini'' ("Aldobrandini Stables") exhibits archaeological finds from the ancient city of
Tusculum
Tusculum is a ruined Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome ( ...
and the nearby area. It has scale models of the Tuscolane Villas.
*The Ethiopian Museum of Cardinal
Guglielmo Massaia
Guglielmo Massaia (9 June 1809 - 6 August 1889), born Lorenzo Massaia, was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who was also a missionary and Capuchin friar. His baptismal name was Lorenzo; he took Guglielmo as religious name.
His ...
(1809–1889), a missionary who was buried here, in the
Capuchin friary, whose church is dedicated to St.
Francis of Assisi
Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a mystic Italian Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianit ...
, houses works by
Giulio Romano
Giulio Romano (, ; – 1 November 1546), is the acquired name of Giulio Pippi, who was an Italian painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael, and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-cent ...
and
Cristoforo Roncalli
Cristoforo Roncalli (c. 1552–1626) was an Italian mannerist painter. He was one of the three painters known as ''Pomarancio'' or ''Il Pomarancio''.
Life
Roncalli was born in Pomarance, a town near Volterra. His training occurred in ...
. It can be visited on request.
Twin towns – sister cities
Frascati is twinned with:
*
Bad Godesberg
Bad Godesberg ( ksh, Bad Jodesbersch) is a borough ('' Stadtbezirk'') of Bonn, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 to 1999, while Bonn was the capital of West Germany, most foreign embassies were in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings ar ...
, Germany
*
Saint-Cloud
Saint-Cloud () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France, from the centre of Paris. Like other communes of Hauts-de-Seine such as Marnes-la-Coquette, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vaucresson, Saint-Cloud is one of France's wealthiest tow ...
, France
*
Kortrijk
Kortrijk ( , ; vls, Kortryk or ''Kortrik''; french: Courtrai ; la, Cortoriacum), sometimes known in English as Courtrai or Courtray ( ), is a Belgian City status in Belgium, city and Municipalities in Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Regio ...
, Belgium
*
Windsor and Maidenhead
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is a Royal Borough of Berkshire, in South East England. It is named after both the towns of Maidenhead and Windsor, the borough also covers the nearby towns of Ascot and Eton. It is home to Windsor ...
, United Kingdom
*
Obninsk
Obninsk (russian: О́бнинск) is a city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River southwest of Moscow and northeast of Kaluga. Population:
History
The history of Obninsk began in 1945 when the First Research In ...
, Russia
Each year young people from Frascati and the other towns compete against one another in the Twin Towns Sports Competition, which is hosted in turn by each of the five towns. In the Torlonia Park in Frascati, there are roads named after each of the twin towns.
Science laboratories
During the latter half of the 1950s, the first Italian
particle accelerator
A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies, and to contain them in well-defined beams.
Large accelerators are used for fundamental research in particle ...
was developed in Frascati by
INFN
The Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN; "National Institute for Nuclear Physics") is the coordinating institution for nuclear, particle, theoretical and astroparticle physics in Italy.
History
INFN was founded on 8 August 1951, to furt ...
, and the INFN still has a major
particle physics
Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) an ...
laboratory in the town, the
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
The INFN National Laboratory of Frascati (LNF) was founded in 1954 with the objective of furthering particle physics research, and more specifically to host the 1.1 GeV electrosynchrotron, the first accelerator ever built in Italy. The Labo ...
. Frascati now also hosts the following laboratories:
*Earth Observation missions of the
European Space Agency
, owners =
, headquarters = Paris, Île-de-France, France
, coordinates =
, spaceport = Guiana Space Centre
, seal = File:ESA emblem seal.png
, seal_size = 130px
, image = Views in the Main Control Room (1205 ...
are based in
ESRIN
The ESA Centre for Earth Observation (also known as the European Space Research Institute or ESRIN) is a research centre belonging to the European Space Agency (ESA), located in Frascati (Rome) Italy. It is dedicated to research involving ear ...
in Frascati.
*Research facilities of
ENEA are on the INFN site.
*
The Spaceguard Foundation
The Spaceguard Foundation (SGF) is a private organization based in Frascati, Italy, whose purpose is to study, discover and observe near-Earth objects (NEO) and protect the Earth from the possible threat of their collision. The Foundation (chari ...
is based here.
*The
Frascati Tokamak Upgrade The Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) is a tokamak operating at Frascati, Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranea ...
is based here.
The
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate e ...
's ''
Frascati Manual'', a methodology for research and development statistics, originated from a meeting at the
Villa Falconieri
The Villa Falconieri is a villa in Frascati, Italy.
History
The villa was originally called Villa Rufina, having been was initially built by Monsignor Alessandro Rufini. Later it was enlarged thanks to Pope Paul III, dates back to 1546. In 16 ...
in June 1963.
Literature and music
Novels and books partly or wholly set in Frascati include:
* ''Barbara's History'' (1864) by
Amelia Edwards
Amelia Ann Blanford Edwards (7 June 1831 – 15 April 1892), also known as Amelia B. Edwards, was an English novelist, journalist, traveller and Egyptologist. Her literary successes included the ghost story "The Phantom Coach" (1864), the novel ...
* ''L'improvvisatore'' (1835) by
Hans Christian Andersen
* ''La Daniella'' (1857) by
George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. One of the most popular writers in Europe in her lifetime, bein ...
* ''Villa Falconieri'' (1896) by
Richard Voss
Richard Voss (2 September 1851 – 10 June 1918) was a German dramatist and novelist. In standard German orthography, his name is printed as Voß.
Biography
Voss was born at Neu-Grape near Pyritz, in Pomerania, the son of a country squire.
Th ...
* ''Lays of Ancient Rome'' (1881) by
Thomas Babington Macaulay
Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, (; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British historian and Whig politician, who served as the Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841, and as the Paymaster-General between 1846 and 1 ...
* ''Childe Harold''
Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), known simply as Lord Byron, was an English romantic poet and Peerage of the United Kingdom, peer. He was one of the leading figures of the Romantic movement, and h ...
* ''Days near Rome''
Augustus Hare
Augustus John Cuthbert Hare (13 March 1834 – 22 January 1903) was an English writer and raconteur.
Early life
He was the youngest son of Francis George Hare of Herstmonceux, East Sussex, and Gresford, Flintshire, Wales, and nephew of ...
* ''Chroniques italiennes'' (1836–1839) by
Stendhal
* ''Roba di Roma'' (1863) by
William Wetmore Story
William Wetmore Story (February 12, 1819 – October 7, 1895) was an American sculptor, art critic, poet, and editor.
Life and career
William Wetmore Story was the son of jurist Joseph Story and Sarah Waldo (Wetmore) Story. He graduated from H ...
* ''The Alban Hills and Frascati'' (1878) by
Clara Louisa Wells
Some operas mention Frascati, including ''La Frascatana'' (''L'Enfante de Zamora''), 1774, by
Giovanni Paisiello
Giovanni Paisiello (or Paesiello; 9 May 1740 – 5 June 1816) was an Italian composer of the Classical era, and was the most popular opera composer of the late 1700s. His operatic style influenced Mozart and Rossini.
Life
Paisiello was born in T ...
Notable people
Frascati was the birthplace of:
*
Marco Amelia
Marco may refer to:
People
* Marco (given name), people with the given name Marco
* Marco (actor) (born 1977), South Korean model and actor
* Georg Marco (1863–1923), Romanian chess player of German origin
* Tomás Marco (born 1942), Spanish c ...
(1982–) Italian footballer
*
Tino Buazzelli
Agostino "Tino" Buazzelli (13 September 1922 – 20 October 1980) was an Italian stage, television and film actor. He appeared in 46 films between 1948 and 1978.
After a diploma of education, Buazzelli enrolled the Accademia d'Arte Dramma ...
(1922–1980) actor
*
Giovanni Buttarelli (born 1957) European data protection supervisor
*
Pietro Campilli
Pietro Campilli (1891–1974) was an Italian economist and politician who held several cabinet posts during the 1940s and 1950s. He was the first president of the European Investment Bank and served in the post between 1958 and 1959.
Biography
...
(1891–1974) politician, deputy and minister
*
Hermann David Salomon Corrodi
Hermann David Salomon Corrodi (July 1844 – 30 January 1905) was an Italian painter of landscapes and orientalist scenes.Mavi Boncuk: "Hermann CorrodiThe Galata Bridge and the Yeni Valide Djami Accessed 23 June 2011.Juler, Caroline, ''Les or ...
(1844–1905) orientalist painter
*
David B. Hooten (1962–) American musician
*
Arnaldo Mecozzi (1876–1932), decorator and painter in Brazil
*
Vincenzo Mecozzi (1909–1964), decorator and painter in Brazil
*
Clemente Micara
Clemente Micara (24 December 1879 – 11 March 1965) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1909 to 1950 and was Vicar General of Rome from 1951 until his death.
Pope Pius ...
(1879–1965) Cardinal Bishop
*
Ludovico Micara
Ludovico MicaraLodovico Micara, Ludovico da Frascati. (12 October 1775 – 24 May 1847) was an Italian Capuchin and Cardinal. He was born at Frascati, in the Papal States. Ordained in 1798, he became Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1824.
...
(1775–1847) Cardinal Bishop
*
Maffeo Pantaleoni (1857–1924) economist and politician
*
Ilaria Salvatori
Ilaria Salvatori (born 5 February 1979 in Frascati) is an Italian foil
Foil may refer to:
Materials
* Foil (metal), a quite thin sheet of metal, usually manufactured with a rolling mill machine
* Metal leaf, a very thin sheet of de ...
(1979 – ) Italian foil fencer who won a Bronze medal at the
2008 Summer Olympics
The 2008 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad () and also known as Beijing 2008 (), were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China. A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 Na ...
.
*
Mario Titi (1921–1982) landscape painter
Frascati has drawn many famous people to live there for a time including:
*
Italo Alighiero Chiusano
Italo Alighiero Chiusano (10 June 1926 – 15 February 1995) was an Italian independent writer, literary critic, Germanist, literary historian, essayist, author of dramas, and journalist.
Chiusano authored several television screenplays.
Biog ...
(1926–1995) poet and writer.
* Princess
Pauline Bonaparte
Paula Maria Bonaparte Leclerc Borghese ( French: ''Pauline Marie Bonaparte''; 20 October 1780 – 9 June 1825), better known as Pauline Bonaparte, was an imperial French princess, the first sovereign Duchess of Guastalla, and the princess cons ...
, favourite sister of
Napoleon I of France and wife of Prince
Camillo Borghese, lived in
Villa Parisi
Villa Parisi - Borghese is a villa in Frascati, now in Monte Porzio Catone municipal territory, Italy.
Description and history
Villa Parisi was built between 1604 and 1605 by Mons. Fernando Taverna. In 1615 it was acquired by Cardinal Scipione ...
from 1806 to 1811. At the same time her mother and brother,
Lucien Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano (born Luciano Buonaparte; 21 May 1775 – 29 June 1840), was French politician and diplomat of the French Revolution and the Consulate. He served as Minister of the Interior from 1799 to 1800 ...
, lived in
Villa Rufinella from 1804 to 1820.
*
Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as tr ...
visited the Tuscolo country between 1786 and 1788, staying in Frascati. He recounted his impressions in his journal, (
Italian Journey
''Italian Journey'' (in the German original: ) is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's report on his travels to Italy from 1786 to 1788 that was published in 1816 & 1817. The book is based on Goethe's diaries and is smoothed in style, lacks the spont ...
). An important street in the centre of Frascati was named after Goethe.
* Taddeo Kuntze (1730–1793), Polish painter.
*
Andrea Pozzo painter and architect, painted the false dome in the fresco of the ''Chiesa della Gesù'' (Church of Jesus), a masterpiece of optical illusion.
* The French writer
George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. One of the most popular writers in Europe in her lifetime, bein ...
spent part of her Italian journey in Frascati from March 31 to April 19, 1855, in Villa Lancellotti.
*
Henry Benedict Stuart
Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, as well as the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of Great Brita ...
, the younger brother of
Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie", who tried unsuccessfully to reconquer the English throne in 1745), became
Cardinal Bishop
A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. C ...
of Frascati in 1761. He became
Dean of the College of Cardinals
The dean of the College of Cardinals ( la, Decanus Collegii Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium) presides over the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, serving as '' primus inter pares'' (first among equals). The position was establ ...
in 1803, but continued to live in the episcopal palace of Frascati until his death on 13 July 1807. He improved the town cultural life by founding the Seminary and library. On the inner side of the Cathedral façade he built the sepulchral stone of his brother.
* The German writer
Richard Voss
Richard Voss (2 September 1851 – 10 June 1918) was a German dramatist and novelist. In standard German orthography, his name is printed as Voß.
Biography
Voss was born at Neu-Grape near Pyritz, in Pomerania, the son of a country squire.
Th ...
(1851–1918) spent 25 years of his life in the city, writing many of his novels and plays there. He received honorary citizenship of Frascati.
*
Clara Louisa Wells, English writer.
* King
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802. He abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I.
Biography
Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria di Savoia was ...
(1751–1819) lived in
Villa Lancellotti from 1802.
* Queen
Maria Cristina of Bourbon, wife of
Charles Felix of Sardinia
Charles Felix (; 6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, Aosta and King of Sardinia from 1821 to 1831.
Early life
Charles Felix was born in Turin as the eleventh child and fifth son born to Victor Amadeus III o ...
, lived in
Villa Rufinella from 1821.
*
Emma Marrone
Emmanuela "Emma" Marrone (; born 25 May 1984), known professionally as Emma, is an Italian pop singer, songwriter, and actress.
After working with several bands, she won the Italian talent show ''Amici di Maria De Filippi'' in March 2010, and s ...
, Italian singer, lives in Frascati.
References
External links
*
Frascati*
ttp://www.scuderiealdobrandini.it/ Tusculan Museum – Aldobrandini Stables
{{Authority control
Castelli Romani