François Charles Joseph Valentin (; 8 August 1909 - 24 September 1961) was a French politician and military general. During World War II, he led the French Legion of Combatants from 1941 to 1942 before joining the Resistance. He was deputy of the Third Republic, senator of the Fourth Republic and deputy of the fifth Republic.

Early life and education

Valetin was born as a son of an attorney at the Court of Appeal of Nancy and a mother from the Vosges. He is also the nephew of

Maurice Perrin Maurice Perrin may refer to: * Maurice Perrin (bishop) (1904–1994), French bishop in Tunisia, diplomat * Maurice Perrin (cyclist) (1911–1992), French Olympic cyclist * Maurice Perrin (physician) (1875–1956), French physician See also * Pe ...

, professor of medicine in Nancy and national municipal councilor, and of Jules Valentin, president of the Fraternité Saint-Léon, both close to the Jeunesses patriotes.Jean-François Colas, ''Les Droites nationales en Lorraine dans les années 1930: acteurs, organisations, réseaux'', thèse de doctorat, université de Paris X-Nanterre, 2002. François Valentin studied at the Collège de la Malgrange and at the lycée Saint-Sigisbert and then at the faculté de droit de Nancy. In the meantime, he was doing his military service as a second lieutenant in the 10th battalion in Saverne. He would later become vice-president of the reserve officers of Nancy. He was unanimously appointed in 1935 to represent the 20th district on the board of directors of the l'Union nationale des officiers de réserve (National Union of Reserve Officers).

Political career

Very early on, Valetin had an interest in politics. He was then a "national" Republican, hostile to the parliamentary regime, which he described as a "revolting regime"Jean-Francois Colas, op. cit., t. I, p. 291-292 ; t. II , p. 360-363; t. III, biographical note. in a 1930 letter to

Marshal Lyautey Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated o ...

, being from the networks of the Jeunesses patriotes, of which he was a member since 1934, and of the Republican Federation, his name is noted in several political meetings of these groupings. He was general secretary of the Nancy daily ''L'Éclair de l'Est (The regional press)'', controlled by Louis Marin, from November 1934 to 1936. During the

1936 French legislative election French legislative elections to elect the 16th legislature of the French Third Republic were held on 26 April and 3 May 1936. This was the last legislature of the Third Republic and the last election before World War II. The number of candida ...

, he was elected in the second round deputy for Meurthe-et-Moselle with the help of activists from the

Republican Federation The Republican Federation (french: Fédération républicaine, FR) was the largest conservative party during the French Third Republic, gathering together the progressive Orléanists rallied to the Republic. Founded in November 1903, the party ...

and its allies. He was up against politician René Goepfert, the outgoing deputy Émile Seitz, Pierre-Henri Teitgen of the Popular Democratic Party, René Galas and Louis Marin of the National and Social Republican Union Committee of Nancy. He allied with Louis Marin and visited

François de Wendel François de Wendel (5 May 1874 – 13 January 1949) was a French industrialist and politician. He inherited the leadership of a major steel manufacturer in Lorraine at a time when it was part of Germany, and in Meurthe-et-Moselle in France to the ...

. He was then the youngest deputy in France, at 26 years old. He joined the Republican Federation group. In an appeal to voters during the election campaign, he established two blocks facing each other and boiled down the election to a few choices: for or against the fatherland, for social union or for the class struggle, for the safeguard of freedom or for dictatorship. One of his leaflets asked voters “to spare France the convulsions of civil war desired by the soviets”.

During the Vichy regime

Coat of arms of the French Legion of Fighters

He became deputy director of the French Legion of fighters and was then appointed in March 1941 by Philippe Pétain as head of the Legion, succeeding his friend Xavier Vallat. The latter, former Secretary General for Veterans Affairs, was appointed Commissioner for Jewish Affairs. He directed the Legion in a patriotic, anti-German line. At that date, the Legion was one and a half million strong. In September 1941, he could not prevent the creation of a "civic committee" within the Legion, made up of moderate elements and more committed men like

Joseph Darnand Joseph Darnand (19 March 1897 – 10 October 1945) was a French collaborator with Nazi Germany during World War II. A decorated soldier in the French Army of World War I and early World War II, he went on to become the organizer and ''de facto ...

. Pétain sent him a letter on December 18, 1941, which is a disavowal and an acknowledgment of the failure of the actions by the Legion. In January 1942,

's Legionary Order Service was created and integrated into the Legion.

The Resistance

François Valentin protested against General Maxime Weygand recall to mainland France, while dissuaded him from presenting his resignation to Philippe Pétain. On November 18, 1941, alongside other Legion executives, he requested an interview with Pétain and said: He resigned in May 1942 during the return of Pierre Laval, which wants to make the SOL more autonomous within the French Legion of Combatants. The SOL would become the French Militia in 1943. He did not break openly with the Vichy regime yet. In June 1942, the press published his declaration to the legionnaires in which he expressed his "unalterable gratitude" to

Marshal Pétain Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated o ...

. He asked the legionnaires to remain "united around the marshal and the leaders he appoints to you" and to put their energy "at the service of the National Revolution”. Valentin joined the Tulle bar and defended General de Lattre who appeared in January 1943 for having disobeyed orders forbidding him to resist German troops entering the Zone libre. Subsequently, he went into hiding and joined the secret army under the pseudonym of Frédéric Vautrin, then, at the head of an FFI battalion in the Tarn, under that of Commander Vincenot. He later joined the Army Resistance Organization ''(Organisation de résistance de l'armée)''.Colonel A. de Dainville, ''L'ORA. The resistance of the Army (war 1939-1945)'', Lavauzelle, 1974, p. 233

Honors

Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 The ''Croix de Guerre 1939–1945'' (English: War Cross 1939–1945) is a French military decoration, a version of the ''Croix de Guerre'' created on 26 September 1939 to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis forces at any ti ...

(June 1, 1940)''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valentin, Francois National Centre of Independents and Peasants politicians Republican Federation politicians Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Senators of Meurthe-et-Moselle French senators of the Fourth Republic Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Knights of the Legion of Honour Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France) People of Vichy France French nationalists People from Toul Order of the Francisque recipients